第一部·天的哲学卷二第三十八至五十六条　两种亲缘与季节时宫

POSITIONS from the SECOND BOOK.

取自第二卷的论点。

38. There are two motions of the stars, whereby they influence those inferior, that is, under the primum mobile, and round the world; but familiarity is nothing more than a proportional influx, exhibited by the motion, as has been said. It necessarily follows, that there are two kinds of familiarities of the stars; the one under the Zodiac, the other round the world: these two kinds of familiarities are delivered by Ptolomy in several places; first, in the Almagest, Book viii. chap. 4. in these words:

第三十八条。星辰有两种运动，借以影响下界之物，即在第一原动天之下的运动与绕世界的运动；而亲缘不过是由运动呈现的按比例的流入，如前所说。由此必然推出，星辰的亲缘有两种：一种在黄道之下，一种绕世界：这两种亲缘，托勒密在好几处都有传述；首先，在《天文学大成》第八卷第四章，原话如下：

"It remains now to write of their aspects: of these, therefore, (excepting those that have a mutual formation, and are thought immoveable, as when in a right line or triangular aspect, and others of the like) some are aspected to the planets only, and the Sun and the Moon, and parts of the Zodiac; some only to the Earth; some to the Earth, together with the planets and the Sun and Moon, or parts of the Zodiac," &c. From which words, it is evident, that Ptolomy places these two kinds of familiarity, viz. in the Zodiac, and towards the Earth, that is, towards the world.

“现在剩下要写的是它们的相位：其中（除了那些彼此构成固定形态、被认为不动的，如成一直线或三角形相位等等）有些只与诸行星、日月以及黄道的部分成相位；有些只与大地成相位；有些则与大地连同诸行星、日月或黄道的部分一起成相位”，等等。从这段话可以明白，托勒密立了这两种亲缘，即在黄道上的，与朝向大地的，也就是朝向世界的。

In the Quadripartite, in the beginning of the first book, he speaks thus: "There is one which is first, both in place and power, whereby we discover the configurations of the Sun and Moon, and motions of the stars, both towards themselves and the earth," &c.

在《四书》第一卷开头，他这样说：“有一种在次序与力量上都居首位，我们借它发现日月的格局与星辰的运动，既有它们彼此之间的，也有对大地的”，等等。

Again, book first, "The stars are said to appear in their proper forms, &c. when every one of them are configurated with the Sun, or even the Moon, in the same manner as their houses are with those of the luminaries, as Venus in the Sexangular, configurated with the luminaries, but the Vespertine with the Sun," &c.

又，第一卷：“当每一颗星与太阳、甚至与月亮形成的格局，与它们的庙和两光的庙之间的格局相同时，就说星辰显现于它们固有的形态，等等；如金星以六角形与两光成格局，但须是昏星而与太阳成格局”，等等。

Venus never has the ⚹ to the ☉ in the Zodiac, as it can only be extended by it 48°; wherefore, unless any one will say that Ptolomy was ignorant of this, (which is absurd) he must of course say, he spoke of the Sextile in the world.

在黄道上，金星与太阳从不成六分相，因为她离太阳最远只能到四十八度；因此，除非有人说托勒密不知道这一点（这是荒谬的），他就只能说托勒密讲的是世界上的六分。

Likewise, in the third book, of Aphetic places, he says, "As we are first to suppose those Aphetic places, in which it is absolutely necessary to find that which is desirous, obtain the jurisdiction of presiding over life, as round the Horoscope, from the five parts first immerging above the horizon, to the other twenty-five succeeding; and that which conjoins these thirty parts with dexter hexagonal rays, is called the place of the Good Genius. Likewise with quadrangular, or the highest part of heaven above the earth; and with trigonal, &c. and from no other places." It is evident, Ptolomy was of this opinion.

同样，在第三卷论释放之位时，他说：“我们首先要设定那些释放之位，凡要取得主管生命之权的，必须落在其中：如上升点周围，从地平之上最先浮出的五度，到其后继起的二十五度；与这三十度以右方六角光线相连的，称为善灵之位。同样以四角光线相连的，即地上天空的最高处；以三角光线相连的，等等；此外别无他处。”显然托勒密持这个看法。

39. The familiarity in the Zodiac, is the proportionable influx of the stars by local motion, whereby they are able to effect a favourable conjunction. That these familiarities happen and are powerful only among the stars, which are there in motion, but are powerful to the cardinals and rest of the houses, we absolutely deny; for omitting other reasons, the stars move not to the cardinals, by advancing above the Zodiac; which is the reason they do not effect any proportional distances to those cardinals, but the rays are no more than proportional distances, &c.

第三十九条。黄道上的亲缘，是星辰借位置运动而成的按比例流入，借此能形成吉利的会合。这种亲缘只在那里运动的星辰之间发生、有力；若说它对四角与其余诸宫也有力，我们断然否认；因为撇开其他理由，星辰并不是借在黄道上前进而运动到四角的；所以它们与四角构不成任何按比例的距离，而光线不过就是按比例的距离，等等。

40. The familiarities of the stars in the world is a proportionale influx of the stars, agreeable to motion round the world; and they happen, and are efficacious in the proportional division of the diurnal and nocturnal arcs, and no other way.

第四十条。世界上的星辰亲缘，是合乎绕世界运动的按比例流入；它们在昼弧与夜弧按比例的划分中发生并有效，别无他途。

41. But because the stars have a mutual motion under the primum mobile, and round the world, it happens that they mutually contract both kinds of familiarity; as Ptolomy in the place already cited insinuates. But familiarities, taken in any other manner, and in any other circle, even in the equator, (according to the opinion of Maginus) are entirely reprobated, and to be rejected.

第四十一条。但因为星辰在第一原动天之下与绕世界都有相互的运动，所以它们会相互结成两种亲缘；正如托勒密在前引之处所暗示的。但以其他任何方式、在其他任何圆上所取的亲缘，即使是在赤道上（照马吉尼的意见），都应完全斥责、摒弃。

42. These two kinds of familiarities being given, we say, that in every kind, neither more or less then nine species are found, which are ☌, ⚹, Q, □, △, Sqq, Bq, ☍, and parallels called by some Antiscions, which Kepler, by an exquisite and plain reason, has selected from their concording harmonies. Of these familiarities, the Sextile, Quintile, Trine, and Biquintile, are benign; the Quadrate, Sesquiquadrate, and Opposition malign; the rest indifferent with the fortunate stars, and equally so with the unfortunate.

第四十二条。这两种亲缘既已确立，我们说，每一种中恰有九种，不多不少，即会合、六分、五分、四分、三分、倍半四分、倍五分、对冲，以及有人称为映点的平行；开普勒以精妙而明白的道理，从它们和谐的音律中选出了这些。在这些亲缘中，六分、五分、三分、倍五分为吉；四分、倍半四分、对冲为凶；其余的属中性，与吉星相配、与凶星相配都一样随之。

43. The latitudinal stars do not commit all their virtual influence to the ecliptic, but preserve it among themselves; and their greater or lesser proximity to the ecliptic, adds not, nor lessens their power of acting: the ecliptic cannot act without the stars, but the stars have their activity in themselves wholly independent on the ecliptic.

第四十三条。有纬度的星辰并不把它们全部的作用之力交给黄道，而是保存在自身之中；它们离黄道更近或更远，既不增加也不减少它们的作用之力：黄道没有星辰就不能作用，而星辰却完全独立于黄道，自有其作用。

44. The stars alternately conjoined, do not acquire greater or lesser powers to act in a favourable conjunction, which falls out when another is found within the sphere of the other's activity, from a greater or less alternate proximity; but we only say, that their active virtues are the more or less conjoined. Under the name of the Sphere of Activity, we understand those that Ptolemy has placed, in Jupiter twelve degrees, in Venus eight degrees, &c.

第四十四条。彼此相会的星辰，在吉利的会合中，即一颗星落在另一颗的作用范围之内时，并不因彼此更近或更远而获得更大或更小的作用之力；我们只说，它们的主动之力结合得更多或更少。所谓作用范围，我们指托勒密所定的那些：木星十二度，金星八度，等等。

45. But the stars which are found in the same partial longitude, we do not call conjoined in a favourable conjunction, if their alternate distance be greater by latitude, than is their sphere of activity; as ♀ with 8° of south latitude, is not favourably conjoined with ☿, having a northern latitude, though they are found in the same degree and minute of longitude; they may indeed be said to be conjoined by virtual conjunction, if they ascend or descend in the same horary circle; or cardinal, which is one of the species of mundane aspects.

第四十五条。但处于同一黄经度数的星辰，若它们因纬度而相距大于其作用范围，我们就不称它们在吉利的会合中相会；比如金星有南纬八度，水星有北纬，即使它们在黄经的同一度同一分，也不算吉利地相会；如果它们在同一个时圈上升起或下降，或同在角上，确实可以说它们以力量相会，这是世界上相位的一种。

46. The stars therefore should not be cardinally placed; nor even those that are fixed with the other planets, if the latitude distance from the circles of position be greater than their sphere of activity; nor ought any difference to be made between the aspects of the natural constitution, and those produced by the motion of direction in preserving the latitude, as Argol thinks, there being equal reason in both cases.

第四十六条。因此，星辰不应被认为同在角上；与其他行星同在的恒星也不应，若它们按纬度离位置圈的距离大于其作用范围；也不应像阿尔戈利所想的那样，在保存纬度这一点上区分本命构成中的相位与推运运动所产生的相位，因为两种情形道理相同。

47. In defining the intermediate rays, the half latitude in ⚹ and △ is not to be observed, nor rejected in quartile, as Blanolinus has taught, whom some authors imitate: but the latitude of both aspects are to be observed; for the rays are to be projected from the body of one to that of another, as it happens that these stars are found by latitude; so that in whatever latitude the planets are, they emit and receive the rays in proportional distances, taken with regard to longitude; as the ⚹ in the distance of 60°, the □ in 90, &c.

第四十七条。在确定居间的光线时，不应像布拉诺利努斯所教、又有些作者效法的那样，在六分与三分中取一半纬度，而在四分中则不计纬度：两种相位的纬度都应考虑；因为光线要从一颗星的星体投射到另一颗的星体，看这些星实际因纬度而处于何处；所以诸行星无论在什么纬度，都在按黄经取的比例距离上发出与接受光线；如六分在六十度的距离，四分在九十度，等等。

We would have this always observed, both in the daily motions of the planets, as in the directions and progressions, wherein the significators advance by their own real and natural way, on which they receive and emit the aspects; and in all the motions of the stars.

我们希望这一点始终得到遵守，无论在行星的每日运动中，还是在推运与进程中，在这些推运里征象星沿着它们自己真实而自然的道路前进，在道路上接受与发出相位；以及在星辰的一切运动中。

48. The fixed stars that are in a favourable conjunction with the planets, effect with them: the other aspects in the primum mobile, which otherwise have no effect. The same must be supposed of their number and mundane aspects.

第四十八条。与行星在吉利会合中的恒星，与它们一起起作用：至于第一原动天中的其他相位，则没有作用。对它们的数目与世界上的相位，也应作同样的推定。

49. The rays in their kinds, from the brevity or longitude of the ascension of the signs, do not alter their nature from the fortunate to the unfortunate, or the contrary, as its generally supposed by authors; yet it may be, that the quadrate in the Zodiac, is either △ or ⚹ in the world, or the contrary: but then every one has its effect according to its nature in both kinds, or it may be, they alternately moderate each other; but if these rays be found by the favourable stars, they doubtless produce happiness; if by the unfortunate, otherwise.

第四十九条。各类光线并不因星座上升时间的长短而改变本性，由吉变凶，或由凶变吉，如诸作者一般所认为的；不过，黄道上的四分在世界上可能是三分或六分，反之亦然：但这时每一种在两类中都依其本性产生效应，或者它们可能彼此调节；但这些光线若由吉星发出，无疑带来幸福；若由凶星发出，则相反。

50. That which is vulgarly termed antiscions, we call parallels in the primum mobile; because we would have them to be nothing else but parallels to the equator, as Ptolomy hints, as they rise at an equal space of time, and describe the same parallels, for which reason, called the antiscion, or parallel. The primum mobile is equidistant from the equator; and if it be of the same country, it is called the primary parallel, or opposite; if of a different country, the North commands, the South obeys; and they are taken from the table of declination, but parallel in its physical sense, in an equal power of the influence of the stars from the primum mobile.

第五十条。俗称的映点，我们称为第一原动天中的平行；因为我们认为它们无非就是与赤道平行，如托勒密所暗示的，因为它们在相等的时间里升起，描出同一条平行圈，所以称为映点或平行。第一原动天〔中的平行〕与赤道等距；若在同一方，就称为原初平行，或对立〔平行〕；若在不同方，则北方命令，南方服从；它们从赤纬表中取得；但在物理的意义上，平行意味着星辰从第一原动天所得影响的力量相等。

51. The twelve houses or mansions in heaven, authors divide several ways, but they all disagree. Rejecting the opinion of them all, we, with Ptolomy, distinguish them by the temporal houses; for so it is, that there is proportional and equal division, not indeed of the heavenly and aerial space, but of the successive influx of the stars and houses; and Munitun says, appear equal and proportional. But it is our opinion, that the division of the houses, by great circles passing through the common sections of the horizon and meridian, and the twelve equal divisions of the equator, which late authors make use of, is of all, the most remote from, and abhorrent to natural truth.

第五十一条。天上的十二宫或十二舍，诸作者划分的方法多种多样，却彼此不合。我们摒弃他们所有人的意见，与托勒密一样用季节时宫来区分它们；因为确实如此，存在着按比例而相等的划分，不是天上与空中空间的划分，而是星辰与诸宫相继流入的划分；穆尼图恩也说，它们看起来相等而成比例。但我们认为，近世作者所用的那种借穿过地平与子午线公共交点的大圆、把赤道等分为十二份来划分宫位的方法，是一切方法中最远离、最违背自然真理的。

52. As many kinds of aspects as are found in the primum mobile, of which mention is already made; so many, we say, are found in the world. Wherefore, besids the usual ray, we likewise place in the world the parallels, which are in equal powers of the influx of the stars round the world.

第五十二条。第一原动天中有多少种相位（前面已经提到），我们说世界上也就有多少种。因此，除了通常的光线之外，我们也在世界上设立平行，即星辰绕世界的流入力量相等之处。

53. Several resemblances are found between the mundane parallels, and those in the primum mobile. (1.) The efficacy of the aspects in both, consists in the parity or equal power, and powers of the active virtue. (2.) As in the primum mobile, they represent the same quantity of the ascension of the signs: for example, the signs ♓ and ♈, also ♊ and ♋ ascend at the same time; with so much likeness do they exhibit the same quality of ascension and descension in the world, that the eleventh house causes an ascension equal to the descension of the ninth, and the twelfth house equal to the second, &c.

第五十三条。世界上的平行与第一原动天中的平行有好几处相似。（一）两者中相位的效力，都在于主动之力的对等或相等。（二）正如在第一原动天中，它们代表星座相同的上升量：例如双鱼与白羊、双子与巨蟹的星座在相同的时间升起；在世界上它们同样显示相同的上升与下降之量，相似到这样的程度：第十一宫的上升等于第九宫的下降，第十二宫的等于第二宫的，等等。

(3.) As the parallels in the primum mobile are equi-distant from the cardinal points of the Zodiac, so are the cardinal points of the world. (4.) As in the primum mobile, they exhibit equal temporal hours, so in the world they exhibit the equal temporal hours of the distances from the cardinals. (5.) The parallels in the primum mobile, are at an equal distance from the pole of the world; the parallels in the world have the same pole as elevation; and other resemblances, if required, will be found.

（三）正如第一原动天中的平行与黄道的基点等距，世界上的平行也与世界的基点等距。（四）正如在第一原动天中它们显示相等的季节时，在世界上它们也显示离四角距离的相等季节时。（五）第一原动天中的平行与世界之极等距；世界上的平行则具有相同的极高；其他相似之处，需要时也能找到。

54. The efficacy of all the parallels, both in the primum mobile, and in the world, consists in the parity of the degree of quality, which the stars found in the effect of the parallels; as it is plainly gathered from those which we mentioned in sect. 25; for by going through intension, and returning through remission, from the cardinal points, it happens, that they effect an equal degree of quality, as well under the primum mobile, as round the world.

第五十四条。一切平行，无论在第一原动天中还是在世界上，其效力都在于星辰在平行的效应中得到的性质程度相等；这从我们在第二十五条所说的就能清楚地推出；因为由基点出发，经历增强，又经历减退而回，就使它们产生相等程度的性质，在第一原动天之下与绕世界都是一样。

55. As for the circles of position in which the significators are said to remain immoveable, and upon which they are to be directed, and their oblique ascension to be taken, those great circles passing through the common sections of the horizon and meridian, according to late authors, cannot be received; for this opinion is openly inconsistent with the precepts of Ptolemy; but those seats or parts of the circle are to be received, in which the stars having a different declination, effect equal temporal hours. From what has been said, this conclusion is drawn, and agrees with the divisions of the houses, through the two temporal hours, and with the mundane rays. For this reason, we call such a seat the horary situation of position.

第五十五条。至于征象星据说保持不动、要据以推运、要取其斜升的那些位置圈，近世作者所说穿过地平与子午线公共交点的那些大圆，是不能接受的；因为这个意见公然违背托勒密的规则；应当接受的是这样的位置或圆的部分：赤纬不同的星辰在其中形成相等的季节时。由所说的推出这个结论，它与按两种季节时划分宫位相合，也与世界上的光线相合。因此我们称这样的位置为位置的时位。

56. The dignity of the planets in the signs and their parts, which are called the bounds and terminations, have a real and natural foundation; to wit, the powerful aspect or influxes, proportional to the moveable points in which the stars begin to produce the primary qualities. So that, according to those things, we have explained, in the Philosophy of the Heavens, these are found to agree so well with the Egyptian boundaries, that they are highly deserving of admiration.

第五十六条。行星在星座及其部分——称为界——中的尊贵，有真实而自然的根据；就是有力的相位或流入，与星辰开始产生原初性质的那些可动的点成比例。所以，按照我们在《天的哲学》中所解释的，这些尊贵与埃及界如此吻合，实在令人赞叹。