第一部·天的哲学第一至三十七条　星光、性质与主管者

ASTRONOMY AND ELEMENTARY PHILOSOPHY, TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN OF PLACIDUS DE TITUS.

天文学与元素哲学，译自普拉西德斯·德·提图斯的拉丁原文。

PART I.

第一部。

ARGUMENTS drawn from the PHILOSOPHY of the HEAVENS.

取自《天的哲学》的论点。

1st. IT is impossible for the efficient heavenly causes, (as being so very far distant from things below) to influence sublunary bodies, unless by some middle instrumental virtue, by which they are united to bodies, subjected, or simple, or both. There can be no action in the subject, which is not affected by some active virtue: for the effect might be produced in the subject, without any efficient cause, which is the reason, we say, that the instrumental cause of the stars is light, and that this only is sufficient to produce all the four primary qualities; by which they arrive at the whole species of natural effects; by motion the stars apply this light, and we reject a secret influence as superfluous; nay, even impossible.

第一条。天上的作用因（因为离下界之物极远），若不借某种居间的工具之力，就不可能影响月下诸物；它们正是借这种工具之力，与物体相连，无论是受作用之物、单纯之物，还是两者兼是。受作用之物中不可能有任何作用不受某种主动之力的影响：否则效应就会在没有任何作用因的情况下在受作用之物中产生；正因如此，我们说星辰的工具因是光，并且唯有光就足以产生全部四种原初性质；星辰借这四种性质达成自然效应的全部种类；星辰借运动施用这光，而我们摒弃所谓隐秘的影响，认为它多余，甚至不可能。

2. The chief properties of the light of the stars are two, (viz.) intension and extension, the less principal colours, which the very senses shew are found in the stars; nor is it to be concluded from thence that the stars are corruptible, at least, with regard to the whole, for the strange phenomena, which very frequently appear to us, demonstrate that there are changes in the heavens; for colours may be found in incorruptible bodies: in short, nothing is visible unless it have a colour. The other properties in the stars are figures, local disposition, brightness, and dimness; local motion is a kind of passion wherewith they apply, increase and diminish their light, rise, set, and recede, near and at distance.

第二条。星光的主要性质有二，即强度与广度；次要的是颜色，感官本身就显示星辰有颜色；但不能由此推论星辰会朽坏，至少就整体而言不会；固然常常出现在我们眼前的奇异现象证明天上也有变化；但颜色可以存在于不朽的物体之中：总之，没有颜色就没有什么是可见的。星辰的其他性质是形状、位置的配置、明亮与暗淡；位置的运动是一种受动，星辰借它施用、增强、减弱自己的光，升起、沉没、后退，时近时远。

3. The stars neither act nor suffer alternately in the heavens; they only receive light from the sun, which alteration they communicate to us from the proper colour of each of them: but they vary their actions in the inferior subjects, in proportion as they act together with equal harmony; and this is sufficient for the whole difference of effects.

第三条。星辰在天上并不彼此交替作用或承受作用；它们只是从太阳接受光，再把这种变化依各自固有的颜色传给我们：但它们在下界的受作用之物中，按照它们以同等和谐共同作用的比例，改变自己的作用；这就足以造成效应的全部差异。

4. Though the stars, by their motion in the heavens, alternately change their constitutions, and have a determinate degree of intension, and a definite quantity of extension of their light, they do not act upon those inferiors, according to the true and real intension and extension of that light which they have in common, but only according to the apparent; in respect of which they join those passable bodies: for this reason, the stars act upon the sublunaries only according to that degree of intension, and quality of extension of light, by which they are united to the stars, as from things subjected; the less are intension and extension; but their action is the same, with respect to that extension to which they are opposite; as we very plainly experience in the ☽.

第四条。星辰虽然在天上借运动交替改变自己的构成，其光有一定程度的强度和一定量的广度，但它们作用于下界之物，并不按照它们共有之光真实的强度与广度，而只按照视见的强度与广度；正是就视见而言，它们与那些可受作用的物体相结合：因此，星辰作用于月下之物，只按照光的那种程度的强度与那种性质的广度，下界之物正是凭此作为受作用之物与星辰相连；强度与广度越小〔作用也越小〕；但就它们所正对的那一部分广度而言，作用则相同；这一点我们在月亮身上体会得非常清楚。

They influence according to the situation and parabolase to the passable subject. Invisible eclipses have no influence or surprising phenomena; they act only upon those provinces in which they are seen: so that the stars, where they do not rise, are inactive.

它们按照相对于受作用之物的位置与投射施加影响。看不见的交食没有影响，也不产生惊人的现象；交食只作用于能看见它的地区：所以星辰在它们不升起的地方不起作用。

5. The stars are indeed the universal cause, and indeterminate, as to their specific and individual effects; but are determined according to the variety of the passable subjects and nearest causes: as the ☉ melts wax, drys up the mud, whitens it, blackens the human skin, with man produces man, a lion with a lion, &c.

第五条。星辰确实是普遍之因，就其种别与个体的效应而言是未定的；但会依受作用之物与最近之因的不同而被确定：正如太阳熔化蜡，晒干泥并使它变白，又把人的皮肤晒黑；与人一起生出人，与狮子一起生出狮子，等等。

6. The stars cannot be the signs of effects, if they are not also the causes; wherefore interrogations, in the manner of the ancients, have no place in nature, unless perhaps in eminent effects, in which they move the approximate cause of natural effects; they also move the parts, organs and members of the passable subject in the fœtus; they respect the parents, sex, number, figure, &c.

第六条。星辰若不同时是效应的原因，就不可能是效应的征兆；因此，照古人方式的问卜，在自然中没有立足之地，除非或许在显著的效应上，在那里星辰推动自然效应的切近之因；它们也推动胎儿体内受作用之物的各部分、器官与肢体；它们关系到父母、性别、数目、形状等等。

The present state of the planets approaches to the actual effect, according to a pre-ordinate and pre-existent power, and therefore they are the cause or con-cause, not barely signs, but the constellations, which for the present bring their effects to act, are the same as the causes of pre-ordination; and so of death, &c. For unlike causes cannot bring to act the dissimulas pre-existing, according to the power of the effects.

诸行星的当前状态按照一种预先安排、预先存在的能力，趋近实际的效应，因此它们是原因或共因，而不仅仅是征兆；而那些在当下使效应付诸实现的星象，与预先安排的原因相同；死亡等等也是如此。因为不相似的原因，不能使按效应之能力预先存在的不相似之事付诸实现。

7. And since, to distinguish and know the effects of any star, it is necessary to know the difference, nature and order of those effects, according to the soundest philosophy; after laying down the first principle of all things, Matter, and substantial, from the primary and compound qualities, we distinguish all these into two principal kinds, viz. into the passive or feminine, and the active or masculine. To the first sort, we again call in matter and quantity, or quality, so far as it is passive, with all the other qualities which are derived from its moisture, dryness, rarity, density, lightness, &c. For the masculine sort, substantial and material; from smell, sound, the active virtue of the compound, &c.

第七条。既然要分辨、认识任何一颗星的效应，就必须按照最健全的哲学，认识这些效应的差别、本性与次序；我们在立下万物的第一原理，即质料，以及实体性的〔形式〕之后，从原初性质与复合性质出发，把这一切分为两大类，即被动的或阴性的，与主动的或阳性的。前一类，我们再列入质料与量，或性质中属被动的部分，连同由其湿、干、稀、密、轻等等派生的一切其他性质。至于阳性一类，列入实体性的与质料性的〔形式〕；以及气味、声音、复合物的主动之力等等。

8. We call commixion a union of altered miscibles, but we add, perfected by the efficient of the superiors, Order and Nature, that is, by a celestial quality, on which the connection of those miscibles depends; whence the compounds, which have a larger and more perfect connection with the miscibles, and consequently a more intense celestial quality, are more perfect; such as have a less, the contrary.

第八条。我们把已变化的可混合之物的结合称为混合，但要补上一句：它由上位者，即秩序与自然的作用因所完成，也就是由一种天上的性质所完成，这些可混合之物的联结就依赖于它；因此，与可混合之物联结得更广、更完善，从而具有更强的天上性质的复合物，就更完善；联结较少的，则相反。

9. The virtue of the compound, or the qualities, which, indeed, with respect to the great number, variety, and effects, deserve our admiration, we do not call elementary; nor proceeding from the elements, but celestial qualities, which are altogether derived from the heavenly light; wherefore, the elementary celestial qualities are of different kinds: and though the stars may produce elementary qualities in their alternate transmutation, they still produce others more excellent, whereby they attain the production of the whole species of the compounds.

第九条。复合物的力量或性质，就其数目之多、种类之繁与效应之奇而言，实在值得我们赞叹；我们不称它们为元素性的，也不认为它们出自元素，而称之为天上的性质，全然来自天上的光；因此，元素性质与天上性质属于不同的种类：星辰虽然在交替转化中可以产生元素性质，但它们还产生另一些更卓越的性质，借以产生复合物的全部种类。

10. The vital heat and radical moisture in animals, we agree with Aristotle in terming qualities entirely celestial, produced from the nature of ☉ and ☽, with the concurrence (which cannot be denied) of all the other stars, from which a distinction is made of so many different compounds, though of a nature opposite to each other, that the luminaries, with the malifics, generate the poisonous, or the hostile, instead of those that engender with the benign, and on the contrary; whence the antipathies and sympathies of things are mutually derived.

第十条。动物体内的生命之热与根本之湿，我们同意亚里士多德，称之为全然天上的性质，由太阳与月亮的本性所产生，并有其他一切星辰的协同（这是不能否认的）；由此区分出许多不同的复合物，虽然本性彼此相反：两光与凶星一起，就生出有毒的或有敌意的东西，而不是与吉星一起所生的那些，反之亦然；万物的相斥与相感就由此彼此派生。

11. The qualities, both of the compounds and elements, are at first powerful, at least, according to nature; then active: but those that are active have their existence by the motion of the successive being; for they successively come forth to action from their powerful stations: for which reason they are again restored to their co-natural state of actual qualities.

第十一条。复合物与元素的性质，起初是潜能的，至少就本性而言；然后是现实的：但现实的性质凭着相继存在之物的运动而存在；因为它们从各自潜能的位置相继出而行动：正因如此，它们又被恢复到现实性质那种同本性的状态。

12. From the vital heat and radical moisture of the animal power, arise sensitives, appetitives, dejectives, relentives, and each as its exercise and action; wherefore those powers have first a powerful, then an active existence.

第十二条。从动物之能的生命之热与根本之湿，生出感觉之能、欲求之能、排出之能、留存之能，各有其运用与作用；因此这些能力先有潜能的存在，然后才有现实的存在。

13. Those qualities are extinguished in a twofold manner, naturally and violently. First, by a final assumption of a pre-existing power in an extreme old age; secondly, by a violent extinction, exhibited by a different concurrent cause.

第十三条。这些性质以两种方式熄灭，自然的与暴烈的。第一种，是在极老之年，预先存在的能力最终耗尽；第二种，是由另一个并发的原因造成的暴烈熄灭。

14. The powers employ their influence on matter, suitable to every one of them; the sensitive on objects, the vegetative on elements; which, the more perfect they are by the concoction of mixture, the greater and quicker is their nourishment; for it is converted with greater care and perfection, into the substance of the animal, &c.

第十四条。诸能力各自作用于与之相宜的质料上；感觉之能作用于对象，生长之能作用于元素；元素经混合的消化越完善，营养就越多、越快；因为它会更细致、更完善地转化为动物的实质，等等。

15. There are four principal colours, viz. white, black, light, and darkness; by light, we do not mean that which is diffused from the ☉ and from fire, but that colour which arises from the intension of that light, which is almost like gold; by darkness, its prevention. But there are colours, some celestial, which are composed of heavenly qualities, others elementary of these elements; but equal possibilities flow from their alternate permixion; white is a colour merely passive, light an active.

第十五条。主要的颜色有四种，即白、黑、光与暗；所谓光，我们指的不是从太阳和火散发出来的光，而是由这光的强度所生的那种颜色，几乎像金色；所谓暗，指光的缺失。但颜色有的是天上的，由天上的性质组成；有的是元素的，由这些元素组成；不过由它们的交替混合流出同等的可能：白是纯然被动的颜色，光是主动的颜色。

16. The stars, though they never cease from action, and causing an alteration in things below, yet from that change they produce no remarkable effect, except in familiarities. We call the familiarity of the luminaries meeting with power, proportional by an influx motion. Under the name of luminaries, we understand not only all the stars, but likewise uncommon phenomena; and we exclude every other place in the heavens which is void of light, for it is by light only the stars influence, as hath been said before. By the power of the conjuncts, we exclude from the familiarities those stars which cannot, by any means, be conjoined together; but it is plain that the familiars have not their being in the heavens, but in the inferior passable subject.

第十六条。星辰虽然从不停止作用，从不停止使下界之物发生变化，但除非在亲缘之中，这种变化并不产生显著的效应。我们所谓亲缘，是发光体以力量相会，凭流入的运动而成比例。所谓发光体，我们不仅指一切星辰，也指非常的天象；而把天上一切没有光的地方排除在外，因为如前所说，星辰只凭光施加影响。说“以力量相会”，是把那些无论如何都不能彼此相会的星辰排除在亲缘之外；但显然，亲缘的存在不在天上，而在下界受作用之物之中。

17. Authors treat of the various and different distinctions of the celestial houses, whereof we only approve of that which Ptolemy places by the two temporal houses: we reject all the rest as vain, and quite inconsistent with nature.

第十七条。诸作者讨论天宫的种种不同划分，其中我们只赞同托勒密以两种季节时宫划分的那一种：其余的一概摒弃，认为虚妄，与自然全然不合。

18. The signs and houses have a real distinction, not in the heavens, but in the inferior passable subject, according to its manner of receiving the influx of the stars; the signs likewise have a true and certain sex, but uniform and masculine, by an influx, proportioned to the places where the active quality commences; feminine where the passive, which we shall mention hereafter.

第十八条。星座与宫位有真实的区分，但不在天上，而在下界受作用之物之中，按照它接受星辰流入的方式而定；星座也有真实而确定的性别，但却是均一的：凭着流入，与主动性质开始之处成比例者为阳性；与被动性质开始之处成比例者为阴性，这一点我们以后会讲到。

19. From the intension of the light, proceeds an active quality; from its extension, a passive; in short, every natural principle of an active virtue, has its birth from the intension of light; but the principle of a passive virtue, from extension. For this reason, the substantial material, Form, and and all the qualities active in kind, are referred to Sol; but to the Moon, that principle, Matter, and all its qualities, passive in kind.

第十九条。由光的强度生出主动性质；由光的广度生出被动性质；总之，凡主动之力的自然本原，都生于光的强度；而被动之力的本原，则生于广度。因此，实体性的质料〔之本原〕、形式，以及一切主动类的性质，都归于太阳；而那个本原，即质料，以及它一切被动类的性质，则归于月亮。

Hence it is manifest, that the Sun has an active virtue, by reason of the intension of his light; but the Moon, a passive, by reason of extension, though, in reality, there is intension and extension in both; but in the Sun, intension is prevalent, and in the Moon intension is inconsiderable, and extension prevails; and as by the increase and decrease, it shews us the various quantity of its light in things, it augments and diminishes matter and moisture.

由此可见，太阳因其光的强度而有主动之力；月亮则因广度而有被动之力；虽然实际上两者都有强度与广度；但太阳以强度为主，月亮的强度微不足道，以广度为主；月亮借盈亏向我们显示它在万物中光量的变化，也就使质料与湿气增多、减少。

20. The variety of colours in the stars produce a diversity of effects. Thus the colour of the luminaries—☉ or of gold, is possessed of an active virtue, the same as the intension of light, for it proceeds from the intension of light; and, as it were, from the approximate cause. White possesses a passive virtue, as does extension; but these two primary colours relate to effects of a simple nature which are excellent; such as material substances, &c.

第二十条。星辰颜色的多样，产生效应的多样。所以两光的颜色，即太阳的颜色或金色，具有主动之力，与光的强度相同，因为它出于光的强度，可说是出于切近之因。白色具有被动之力，广度也是如此；但这两种原初颜色关系到单纯本性的效应，这些效应是卓越的，比如质料性的实体等等。

The other colours in the stars, are the cause of specific qualities; so the blue and yellow, such as are in ♃ and ♀, which are a mixture of white and gold, give signs of a temperate nature between heat and cold, or moisture; in the blue, heat is predominant; in the yellow, moisture; and therefore these two planets confer that which is good, useful, and pleasant: the former is masculine, by reason of the too great heat; the latter, feminine, owing to excess of moisture.

星辰的其他颜色，是种别性质的原因；所以木星与金星所有的蓝色与黄色，是白与金的混合，显示介于热与冷、或湿之间的温和本性；蓝色中热占优势；黄色中湿占优势；因此这两颗行星赐予善的、有用的、愉快的东西：前者因热过多而为阳性；后者因湿过多而为阴性。

Leaden and fiery colours, such as are in ♄ and ♂, shew an intemperature, cold and dry in ♄, hot and dry in ♂; ♄ is rather cold than dry, and therefore masculine; ♂ more dry then hot, and therefore effeminate.

铅色与火色，如土星与火星所有的，显示不调和：土星冷而干，火星热而干；土星冷多于干，所以是阳性；火星干多于热，所以是阴性。

21. But in general, effects, according to their nature, property, passions, motions, &c. imitate their cause; for the manner of acting follows that of being. As the work of Saturn is unpleasant, rigid, cold, dark, and black, his motion slow, &c. nay, more, from the passions of the luminary which proceed from local motion, follow passion in the effects; as from access and recess, follows the access and recess of the passion; and effects from its near and distant situation; the near and remote action is derived from its inception; the beginning of the action from continuity; from its increase, the increase.

第二十一条。但一般而言，效应按其本性、性质、受动、运动等等模仿其原因；因为作用的方式随存在的方式而来。正如土星的作为令人不快、僵硬、寒冷、昏暗、黝黑，他的运动迟缓等等；不仅如此，由发光体因位置运动而生的受动，在效应中也随之产生受动；如由趋近与远离，随之有受动的趋近与远离；由它的近处与远处，随之有效应；近的与远的作用出于它的起始；作用的开端出于连续；由它的增长，随之有增长。

22. From the access, and near situation of the stars, follows the increase of the luminaries, with regard to extension; and from the increase respecting extension, follows a still greater intension of the luminary, according to the degree, at least in the effect. From the increase of the luminary, with regard to extension, follows an increase of moisture: from a greater increase of the luminary, follows a greater heat; and so in every one of them.

第二十二条。由星辰的趋近与近处，随之有发光体在广度上的增长；由广度上的增长，随之有发光体更大的强度，按其程度而定，至少在效应上是如此。由发光体在广度上的增长，随之有湿的增长：由发光体更大的增长，随之有更大的热；其余每一种都是如此。

Aristotle's Second General Treatise, page 56, in his researches into the cause of the perpetuity of the rise and fall of things, informs us, that not only one inference may assign the cause of this rise and fall, but also that which contains different motions, to which the cause accede and recede, are near or distant in their constitution; and their access, and near situation, is the cause of generation; their recess and distant situation, of corruption.

亚里士多德《总论》第二卷第五十六页，在探究万物生灭何以永续不绝的原因时告诉我们：不仅可以用一个推论来指出这生灭的原因，也可以用包含不同运动的那个原因来说明，原因随运动而趋近、远离，在其构成中或近或远；它的趋近与近处是生成的原因；它的远离与远处，则是消灭的原因。

23. There is a formation of four conjugations of the manner of starry influence, viz. in the luminary's increase and near situation; in its near situation, decrease, and distance; and in its distance and increase. By these conjugations are constituted four quarters; First, in the world, which are the circuits of the stars by day from East to South, from South to West, from West to the lowest, and from the lowest to the East. Secondly, in the Zodiac, and the annual seasons, from ♈ to ♋, from ♋ to ♎, from ♎ to ♑, from ♑ to ♈.

第二十三条。星辰影响的方式构成四种配合，即在发光体的增长与近处；在它的近处、减弱与远处；以及在它的远处与增长。由这些配合构成四个象限；第一，在世界上，即星辰白天的周行：由东到南，由南到西，由西到最低处，由最低处回到东。第二，在黄道上与一年的季节中：由白羊到巨蟹，由巨蟹到天秤，由天秤到摩羯，由摩羯回到白羊。

24. There are four retrospects of the planets to the Sun; from the apogee of the epicycle, towards the first station (in the ☽ towards the second decatom); from the first station to the peregee; from thence to the second station (in the ☽ towards the second decatom), at least, as far as the apogee.

第二十四条。行星对太阳有四个回顾阶段：从本轮远地点到第一次留（月亮则到第二个弦）；从第一次留到近地点；从那里到第二次留（月亮则到第二个弦），再一直到远地点为止。

From these are derived an excellent reason, why the three superiors are supposed to be stronger; if they are to be matutine or eastern, from the ☉; the three inferiors vespertine, or western; for then they have a greater degree of light, in which consists their virtual influence, and then they are called eastern; but western, if otherwise. Every one knows how largely, yet, to no purpose, authors have treated of the orientality of the planets.

由此得出一个极好的理由，说明为什么三颗上位行星在晨出、即在太阳以东时被认为较强；三颗下位行星则在昏见、即在太阳以西时较强；因为那时它们的光度较大，而它们的作用之力正在于光，那时就称它们为东方的；否则称为西方的。人人都知道，诸作者对行星的东方之性论述得何等繁多，却毫无用处。

25. From the cardinal points of the world, and the Zodiac, the stars begin to influence the four primary qualities; from the most inferior and tropic of ♋, moisture; from the East and ♈, heat; from the culminate and tropic of ♑, dryness; from the West and ♎, coldness; but by all these means, the stars, though they have their nature absolute in themselves, they nevertheless produce all the four primary qualities, though with a difference, on account of the diversity of the nature of the stars; but they continually increase the qualities they produce, by advancing successively to the opposite points; such is the reason they likewise lessen the contrary quality.

第二十五条。星辰从世界与黄道的四个基点开始影响四种原初性质：从最低处与巨蟹回归点开始生湿；从东方与白羊开始生热；从中天与摩羯回归点开始生燥；从西方与天秤开始生冷；星辰虽然各有自身绝对的本性，却凭这些方式产生全部四种原初性质，只是因星辰本性不同而有差别；它们向对面的基点逐步前进，不断增强所产生的性质；同理，它们也减弱相反的性质。

26. From these, it is inferred, that the influx and rays of the stars, depend on real motion and illumination, nor on the quantity of the heavenly space, nor the situation, and therefore the stars in the falling houses are weak; in the succeeding, strong; in the cardinals, strongest, &c.

第二十六条。由此推知，星辰的流入与光线，取决于实际的运动与照耀，而不取决于天上空间的大小，也不取决于位置；因此星辰在果宫弱，在续宫强，在角宫最强，等等。

27. All the active qualities, whether of the elements, or of the compounds, depend on the horary extent of the stars round the world; but because the duration of things are various, annual, monthly, and diurnal, with which Ptolemy agrees in his Chapter of Things that have no Nourishment, and the Second Stagyrite and General Treatise, page 5, they are diurnal, as being the first and immediate in the order of the work; for in the order of perfection they are the lowest, and the annual durations are in the first place, by reason of their perfection.

第二十七条。一切主动性质，无论属于元素还是复合物，都取决于星辰绕世界的时辰周行；但因为事物的持续各不相同，有年的、月的、日的，托勒密在他论无营养之物的那一章里，以及斯塔吉拉人《总论》第二卷第五页，都同意这一点；日的持续就工作的次序而言是最先的、直接的；但就完善的次序而言它们最低，而年的持续因其完善居于首位。

28. The virtual qualities of the elements depend on the latitudes of the stars in the Zodiac. The vital qualities of such as live through months and years, depend on the Sun's place in the Zodiac, and the Moon, in respect of the Sun, as from present causes, but are pre-ordained by the Sun's bearing round the world, and by the Moon round the Sun: whence the motions of the directions and progressions are derived.

第二十八条。元素的潜在性质取决于星辰在黄道上的幅度。那些活过若干月、若干年的事物，其生命性质取决于太阳在黄道上的位置，以及月亮相对于太阳的位置，这是就当下的原因而言；但它们是由太阳绕世界的运行、月亮绕太阳的运行预先安排的：推运与进程的运动就由此而来。

29. The differences of the celestial qualities that lie in the compounds, are both vital; and those that are not dependant on the various congressions and familiarities of the luminaries, with the other star, both erratic and fixed; on the different places in the Zodiac, so far as they are of a different nature; for from the simple places, both in the Zodiac, as well as round the world; that is, (if they are thus considered) the primary qualities of the elements are derived.

第二十九条。存在于复合物中的天上性质的差别，无论是生命性的还是非生命性的，都取决于发光体与其他星辰，即行星与恒星，种种不同的会遇与亲缘；取决于黄道上不同的位置，因为这些位置本性各异；因为元素的原初性质，正是从单纯的位置，无论在黄道上还是绕世界的，派生出来的（如果这样来看的话）。

30. The true moment of the day, on which any one is born, laying aside all opinions of authors, is when the fœtus becomes independent. On its finitimate cause, or its ministry, an immediate influx takes place. At the constitution of the celestial moment, there is no need of its longer perseverance, to make the effects the cause of preservation; for this is impossible; but it is sufficient that it concur with the nearest causes, to confer being, and the co-natural qualities: for so it is, that he who is born, throughout his whole life has a reference to, and, as it were, represents the effects; and as a stamp resembles the seal, so does the constitution of the stars his nativity.

第三十条。一个人出生那一天的真正时刻，撇开诸作者的一切意见，是胎儿变得独立之时。在它的最终之因或其辅助之时，发生直接的流入。天象时刻一旦构成，就无需它再持续下去，好使效应成为保存的原因；因为这不可能；只要它与最近之因共同作用，赋予存在与同本性的性质就够了：因为确实如此，出生的人终其一生都与它相关，可以说表现着它的效应；正如印迹与印章相像，他的本命也与当时星辰的构成相像。

31. The stars insert their power in an animal, and the virtual qualities in certain latitudes of a shorter time: these they pre-ordain with effect. The accidents naturally active, operate at their appointed times to the conclusion of life, and begin at the moment of the nativity; but they are the latitudes of days and months, and pre-ordain successively, therefore orderly, and in co-operation; and they are ready to act at the time pre-ordained, when the favourable constitutions are the same as their causes of pre-ordination; for dissimular present causes cannot produce any effect but what agrees with them.

第三十一条。星辰在动物身上注入它们的力量，并在某些较短的时段里注入潜在性质：它们预先安排这些效应。自然主动的事件，在指定的时候发生作用，直到生命结束，并从出生那一刻开始；但它们是日与月的时段，相继预先安排，因而有秩序，且彼此协同；它们在预定的时候准备发生作用，那时有利的星象与它们预先安排的原因相同；因为不相似的当下原因，不能产生与之不合的任何效应。

32. In the constitution of the stars, the nativities are said to continue immoveable, as well as the significators and promittors of effects; and this only, by reason of the retrospect of that nativity's temperament to those places: for while the stars concur with the nearest causes in conferring existance, they imprint on that animal so many degrees of their qualities, as they effect from those places in which they are found; and therefore that animal is opposite all its life to the places of the stars of its nativity, as being always immoveable.

第三十二条。在星辰的构成中，本命据说保持不动，效应的征象星与允诺星也是如此；这只是因为那个本命的气质回顾着那些位置：因为星辰在与最近之因一起赋予存在时，按它们从所在位置所能产生的，把那么多度的性质印在那动物身上；因此那动物终生都与本命星辰的位置相对应，因为这些位置永远不动。

33. But as there is a double motion of the stars, that is, under the primum mobile, and round the world, by which, as we have said, they influence, we must consequently suppose, that the significators rule over things subjected to them by this twofold (or double) motion, to wit, under the primum mobile, and round the world.

第三十三条。但星辰既有双重运动，即在第一原动天之下的运动和绕世界的运动，如我们所说，它们正是借此施加影响，我们就必须推定，征象星也借这两重运动主管隶属于它们的事物，也就是在第一原动天之下，与绕世界。

So in the former moderation, the significators remain immoveable in the world, i.e. in their horary circles of position; the latter are in a state of immobility in the places immediately under the primum mobile; the promittors in the former dominar remain immoveable under the primum mobile, but are moved with their parts of the Zodiac, to the horary circle of position of the same significator.

所以在前一种主管中，征象星在世界上保持不动，即停在它们的时位圈中；后一种主管中，它们则在紧挨第一原动天之下的位置上保持不动；在前一种主管中，允诺星在第一原动天之下保持不动，但随它们在黄道上的部分一起运动，移到同一征象星的时位圈上。

In the latter moderation, they remain immoveable in the world, that is, in the horary circle of position, but are moved in a manner immediately under the primum mobile, to the moderator's place taken under the primum mobile.

在后一种主管中，它们在世界上保持不动，即在时位圈中，却在第一原动天之下直接被移动，移到在第一原动天之下所取的主管者的位置上。

34. We say that the significators continue immoveable in their mundane situation. By mundane situation we mean the horary circle, i. e. (according to Ptolemy) of unequal hours, not the circles of position which pass through the common sections of the horizon and meridian, as will appear more fully hereafter. Likewise, when we say that the significators in the former moderation remain immoveable, in such a situation, we do not exclude the change of declination; we mean that the moderators should always continue and advance by their own real and natural way; as if we speak of the Sun in the ecliptic, or the Moon in her circle, constituting the Dragon, in which she is in perpetual motion, and in which she successively alters her latitude.

第三十四条。我们说征象星在它们的世界位置上保持不动。所谓世界位置，我们指的是时圈，即（照托勒密的说法）不等时的圈，而不是穿过地平与子午线公共交点的那种位置圈，这一点后面会更充分地显示。同样，我们说征象星在前一种主管中于这种位置上保持不动时，并不排除赤纬的变化；我们的意思是，主管者应当始终沿着它们自己真实而自然的道路持续前进；比如说太阳在黄道上，或月亮在她构成龙的轨道上，她在其中永不停歇地运动，并在其中相继改变纬度。

35. The Sun, when it is found in the space of the crepuscules, before rising and after setting, does not remain there immoveable under the horary circle; but in the crepusculines, parallel to the horizon, in which it always affords us the same degree of the intension of light, from which equality of the intension of light, it is said to continue immoveable; for if it should, with regard to us, in the degree of the intension of light, it could not be said to remain immoveable, but would be in a state of motion.

第三十五条。太阳在日出前、日落后处于晨昏蒙影的范围时，并不在时圈下保持不动；而是在与地平平行的晨昏圈中，在那里它总给我们同样程度的光强；正因光强相等，才说它保持不动；因为假如它对我们而言在光强的程度上〔有所改变〕，就不能说它保持不动，而是在运动之中。

In the remaining space of obscurity, the Sun must be directed, with a reference from the limits of the crepuscles to the lowest, as if we should say, from the proportionable division of the obscure arcs, there were seminocturnal arcs. This will be more fully shewn hereafter.

在其余的黑暗范围里，太阳必须参照从晨昏蒙影的界限到最低处来推运，仿佛我们说，按黑暗之弧的比例划分，就有了半夜弧。这一点后面会更充分地说明。

36. Moderators of things are five, viz. the Sun, the Moon, Medium Cœli, Horoscope of the Country, and the Lunar Horoscope; every one of these so moderates its own proper species of things, that it cannot attain to that which relates to the other: it is necessary to observe this, that we fall not into error and confusion.

第三十六条。事物的主管者有五个，即太阳、月亮、中天、本地的上升点与月亮的上升点；每一个都如此主管它自己特有的那类事物，以致不能涉及属于别个的事物：必须注意这一点，以免陷入错误与混乱。

37. The Aphetic places of the world, or those wherein are received the moderators of life, are five, viz. the House of the East, the tenth, the ninth, the seventh, and eleventh; in any one of which the Sun being found, always becomes the moderator of life; but if he is absent, the Moon, &c. according to the doctrine delivered by Ptolomy in his third book, which we ought to follow so rigorously, absolutely, and without the least exception whatever, that, whoever, by neglecting the luminaries, if in the Aphetic places, should receive the horoscope of the moderators of life, would be guilty of a very great error, and would be unworthy of the name of a professor of the true and natural Astrology.

第三十七条。世界上的释放之位，即接受生命主管者的位置，有五个，即东方之宫、第十宫、第九宫、第七宫和第十一宫；太阳在其中任何一处，总是成为生命的主管者；但他若不在，则取月亮等等；这是依照托勒密在他第三卷所传的学说，我们必须严格、绝对、毫无例外地遵从；因此，谁若忽略位于释放之位的两光，而取上升点作为生命的主管者，就会犯极大的错误，不配称为真正的、合乎自然的星占之学的从业者。