卷四（一）　卷四提要、人生的徒劳与命运的七个证明

After a short Reflection on the vain Cares of Mankind, he brings several Arguments to prove Fate: 1. Several unaccountable passages in the Roman and Grecian Histories: 2. Sudden Death, and unexpected Recoveries, contrary to all the powers of Art and Physick: 3. The difference between the Children of the same Parents: 4. The fewness of Worthy Men, and the certainty of Death: 5. The ill successes of Wise and Good Men, and the prosperity of Knaves and Fools: 6. Monstrous Births: 7. Prophesy:

在对人类徒劳的忧虑作了简短的反思之后，他举出几个论证来证明命运：一、罗马与希腊历史上若干无法解释的事件：二、违反一切技艺与医术之力的猝死与意外的康复：三、同一父母所生子女之间的差异：四、贤人之少与死亡之必然：五、贤良智者的失败，与无赖愚人的发达：六、怪胎：七、预言：

And then endeavours, 8. to take off some Objections that might be rationally propos'd against this Doctrin: Then, 9. He shews what Tempers and Inclinations the twelve Signs singly consider'd do bestow, and to what Arts they incline: 10. Vnder the Ram, are born all sorts of workers in Wool, Broakers, Men of unsetled Fortunes, fearful, inconstant, and covetous of Praise: 11. Vnder the Bull, Plowmen, Aspiring, Reserv'd, Strong, and Amorous: 12. Vnder the Twins, Musicians, Songsters, Men of merry Tempers, and Astronomers: 13. Vnder the Crab, Covetous Fellows and Vsurers: 14.

然后他努力，八、消除一些可能合理地提出来反对这一学说的驳难：然后，九、他说明十二星座单独考虑时赋予怎样的性情与倾向，使人倾向哪些技艺：十、白羊之下生的是各种羊毛工匠、掮客、运气不定的人，胆怯、多变、贪求赞美：十一、金牛之下生的是农夫，有抱负、矜持、强壮、多情：十二、双子之下生的是乐师、歌手、性情快活的人与天文学家：十三、巨蟹之下生的是贪婪之徒与放债者：十四、

Vnder the Lion, Hunters, Beast-keepers, Plain, Open-hearted, easily provok'd, and easily appeas'd: Vnder the Maid, Philosophers, Orators, Notaries, shamefac'd and indifferently good: 16. Vnder the Scales, Measurers, Gagers, Accountants, Lawgivers, Lawyers, and Iudges: 17. Vnder the Scorpion, Hunters, Gladiators, Men of Warlike and Military Dispositions: 18. Vnder Sagittarius, Chariot-Racers, Horse-breakers, Tamers of Wild Beasts, Men of acute Vnderstandings, and strong and nimble Bodies: 19. Vnder the Goat, Miners, Coyners, Goldsmiths, Bakers, Broakers, Inconstant and Lascivious in their Youth: 20. Vnder Aquarius, Men skill'd in making Aqueducts, and Water-works, and Spheres, and Globes, tractable and prodigal: 21.

狮子之下生的是猎人、驯养野兽的人，朴实、坦率、易怒也易平息：处女之下生的是哲学家、演说家、书记，害羞，品性中等：十六、天秤之下生的是丈量者、量器检验员、会计、立法者、律师与法官：十七、天蝎之下生的是猎人、角斗士，以及好战、尚武的人：十八、射手之下生的是驾车竞赛者、驯马者、驯服野兽的人，悟性敏锐、身体强健灵活：十九、摩羯之下生的是矿工、铸币工、金匠、面包师、掮客，年轻时多变而好色：二十、水瓶之下生的是善于修建引水渠、水利工程、天球仪与地球仪的人，温顺而挥霍：二十一、

Vnder Pisces, Mariners, Pilots, Shipwrights, Rowers, Fishers, Fruitful but Inconstant: 22. He Discourses of the Tenths of each Sign, and what Sign is Lord of each third part of every Sign: 23. He encourages his Scholar to go on, tho the Task seems to grow upon him, and to bevery difficult, because 'tis a Noble Study, and the Object truly great: 24. He shews what degrees of each Sign are hurtful, what not: 25. He Teaches, that the Tempers of those that are Born when the Sign riseth, are different from those that are Born at other times: 26.

双鱼之下生的是水手、领航员、造船匠、桨手、渔夫，多产却多变：二十二、他论述各星座的十度区间，即哪个星座主管每个星座的每个三分之一：二十三、他鼓励他的学生继续下去，尽管任务似乎越来越重、非常困难，因为这是一门高贵的学问，对象确实伟大：二十四、他说明每个星座的哪些度数有害，哪些无害：二十五、他教导：在星座升起时出生的人，性情与在其他时候出生的人不同：二十六、

He draws a Map of the Earth and Seas, and Teaches what Signs govern particular Countries: 27. He shews what Signs are call'd Eccliptick, and why: 28. He proposeth such Objections as are made to deter Men from this curious search, and answereth them.

他绘出陆地与海洋的地图，教导哪些星座管辖哪些地区：二十七、他说明哪些星座被称为交食星座，以及原因：二十八、他提出人们为阻止这种好奇的探究而提出的驳难，并加以回答。

Short Reflections on the Cares of Men

［对人的忧虑的简短反思］

WHy should our Time run out in useless years, / Of anxious Troubles and tormenting Fears?

我们为什么要让时光在无用的岁月里流尽，充满焦虑的烦扰与折磨人的恐惧？

Why should deluding Hopes disturb our ease, / Vain to pursue, yet eager to possess?

为什么要让骗人的希望扰乱我们的安宁，追求时徒劳，却又急于占有？

With no Success, and no Advantage crown'd, / Why should we still tread on th' unfinisht Round?

没有成功，也没有好处加冕，我们为什么还要在那走不完的圈子上不停地踏步？

Grown gray in Cares, pursue the senseless strife, / And seeking how to Live, consume a Life?

在忧虑中长出白发，追逐无谓的争斗，寻求怎样生活，却耗尽了一生？

The more we have, the meaner is our Store; / The unenjoying craving Wretch is Poor: / But Heaven is kind, with bounteous Hand it grants / A fit supply for Nature's sober wants: / She asks not much, yet Men press blindly on, / And heap up more, to be the more undone:

我们拥有得越多，我们的储藏就越显寒酸；不享受、只渴求的可怜虫是贫穷的：可天是仁慈的，以慷慨的手赐予足以满足自然节制需要的供给：自然要求不多，人却盲目地往前挤，堆积更多，好更彻底地毁了自己：

By Luxury, they Rapine's Force maintain, / What that scrapes up, flows out in Luxury again.

他们以奢侈来维持掠夺的暴力，掠夺搜刮来的，又在奢侈中流出去。

And to be squander'd, or to raise debate, / Is the great only use of an Estate.

被挥霍掉，或者挑起争端，就是财产唯一的大用处。

Vain Man forbear, of Cares, unload thy Mind, / Forget thy Hopes, and give thy Fears to Wind; / For Fate rules all, its stubborn Laws must sway / The lower World, and Man confin'd obey.

虚妄的人啊，住手吧，卸下你心里的忧虑，忘掉你的希望，把你的恐惧交给风；因为命运统治一切，它顽固的法则必定支配下界，受限的人必须服从。

As we are Born we Dye, our Lots are cast, / And our first Hour disposeth of our last.

我们怎样出生，就怎样死去，我们的份已经掷定，我们最初的一时决定了我们的最后一时。

Then as the influence of the Stars ordains, / To Empires Kings are doom'd, and Slaves to Chains.

那时，正如星辰的影响所规定的，国王注定得到帝国，奴隶注定戴上锁链。

Then Poverty, that common Fate comes down, / (Few Stars are Regal, and design a Crown) / What make a Wit, a Knave, a Saint, or Dunce, / Are hudled then together, and fixt at once.

那时贫穷这共同的命运降临——很少有星是帝王之星，预示王冠——造就才子、无赖、圣徒或蠢人的东西，都在那时一股脑儿混在一起，一次定下。

The Ills that are ordain'd we must endure, / From not Decreed how fatally secure?

注定的祸患我们必须忍受；不曾注定的，我们又是多么命定地安全！

Prayers are too weak to check fixt Destinies, / And Vows too slow to catch the Fate that flies.

祈祷太弱，挡不住固定的天命；誓愿太慢，追不上飞逝的命运。

Whether with Glory rais'd, or clogg'd with Scorn, / The State, that then is setled, must be born.

不论是被荣耀抬高，还是被轻蔑拖累，那时定下的境况都必须承受。

The first Argument for Fate

［证明命运的第一个论证］

For did not Fate preside, and Fortune lead, / Had parting Flames the good Aenaeas fled?

因为若不是命运主持、运气引路，善良的埃涅阿斯会从分开的火焰中逃出吗？

Had Troy's sunk Fortune been sustain'd by one? / And only Conquer'd then, when overthrown?

特洛伊沉没的运气会靠一个人支撑吗？会在被推翻的时候才得胜吗？

And did not Stars the rise of States dispose, / Had mighty Rome from such beginnings rose?

若不是星辰安排国家的兴起，伟大的罗马会从那样的起点崛起吗？

Had Shepherds built, or Swains without controul / Advanc'd their Cottage to a Capitol?

牧人会建城吗？乡民会不受约束地把他们的茅舍升格为卡匹托尔吗？

Plac'd on whose heights, our Caesars now survey / The lower Earth, and see the World obey?

我们的凯撒们如今立在它的高处，俯视下方的大地，看着世界服从。

From their burnt Nest, had Conquering Eagles flown, / And the World yielded to a ruin'd Town?

征服的鹰会从烧毁的巢中飞出吗？世界会向一座毁过的城投降吗？

Had Iove been storm'd; or Mutius safe return'd / From baffled Flames, or vanquish'd whilst he burn'd?

朱庇特会被攻打吗？穆基乌斯会从受挫的火焰中平安回来，或在燃烧之中得胜吗？

Our Towns and Bridges guard, had Cocles stood, / Or the weak Virgin swam rough Tiber's Flood?

科克勒斯会挺身守卫我们的城镇与桥梁吗？那柔弱的少女会游过湍急的台伯河吗？

Had one Horatius our sunk hopes restor'd, / Or Three have fall'n beneath a single Sword?

一个贺拉提乌斯会挽回我们沉落的希望吗？三个人会倒在一把剑下吗？

O Glorious Victory! what Arms before, / E're won so much, none ever fought for more; / Rome and her hopes of Empire hung on One, / His o're matcht Lot was Hers, a Yoke or Throne.

光荣的胜利啊！从前什么样的武力赢得过这么多？没有一场仗争夺过比这更多的东西；罗马和她的帝国之望悬于一人，他寡不敌众的命运就是罗马的命运：是轭还是宝座。

Why should I Cannae's bloody Plains relate, / And Africk's Ensigns threatning at our Gate, / How Thrasymene Drown'd Flaminius's Shame, / And after Fabius, wise Retreats o'recame, / The Conquer'd Carthage shone with Roman flame?

我何必讲述坎尼血腥的平原，阿非利加的军旗在我们城门外威胁？特拉西梅诺湖怎样淹没了弗拉米尼乌斯的耻辱？法比乌斯之后，明智的退守怎样取胜，被征服的迦太基在罗马的火焰中燃烧？

How Hannibal on the Campanian Plains, / Rome's Terror once, then destin'd to our Chains; / Whilst waiting on his Proud Bithynian Lord, / Stole a base Death, and scap't our Nobler Sword?

汉尼拔，曾在坎帕尼亚的平原上是罗马的恐怖，后来注定成为我们的阶下囚，在侍奉他那傲慢的比提尼亚主人时，偷得一个卑贱的死，逃过了我们更高贵的剑？

But turn and view the Civil Wars of Rome, / There opens wide a various Scene of Doom: / See Marcus ride with Cimbrian Lawrels Crown'd, / Then in the Dungeon stretcht upon the groun'd; / Now Slave, now Consul, Consul, Slave again, / His Curule Chair, succeeded by a Chain;

但转过身来看罗马的内战，那里展开一幅广阔而多变的命运之景：看马略头戴战胜辛布里人的桂冠驰过，然后在地牢里伸展在地上；时而是奴隶，时而是执政官，执政官、奴隶又执政官，他的象牙座椅之后是锁链；

Now a mean Ruin on the Lybian Sands / Despis'd he lies, and streight the World Commands; / Like Thunder from low Earth exhal'd, he rose / From the Minturnian Pools, / And scatter'd Vengeance on his haughty Foes.

时而他是利比亚沙滩上一片卑微的废墟，被人轻视地躺着，随即又号令世界；他像从低处大地蒸腾起的雷霆，从明图尔奈的池沼中升起，把复仇撒向他傲慢的敌人。

These wondrous Changes Fate and Stars advance, / O mighty turns, and much too great for Chance!

这些奇妙的变化是命运与星辰所推动的，多么巨大的转折啊，对偶然来说实在太大了！

Who Pompey could (that saw thy Conquering Fleet / Regain the Seas, and Kings beneath thy Feet, / Proud Pontus yield, fierce Tyrants make thy Train, / And crowding Monarchs beg thy leave to Reign, / That saw Victorious Lawrels Crown thy Head, / And Worlds in thy repeated Triumphs lead;

庞培啊，谁能——见过你得胜的舰队重新夺回大海、国王们匍匐在你脚下，骄傲的本都屈服，凶猛的暴君成为你的随从，成群的君主乞求你允许他们统治；见过胜利的桂冠为你加冕，你在一再的凯旋中牵引着世界；

And all that Glory which thy Sword had won, / Fixt and supported by as great a Son) / Have thought that Thou, upon a Foreign Sand, / Should'st steal a Burial from a common Hand; / That shatter'd Planks, the Sea's dishonest spoil / Should hiz beneath thy Trunk, and be thy Pile?

以及你的剑所赢得的一切荣耀，由一位同样伟大的儿子固定并支撑——谁能想到，你竟会在异国的沙滩上，从一只普通人的手里偷得一场埋葬？破碎的船板，大海不体面的残骸，竟在你的躯干下嘶嘶作响，充作你的火葬堆？

That Thou, the mighty Thou, should'st want an Urn, / What Power, but Fate, could work so strange a turn?

你，伟大的你，竟缺一只骨灰瓮，除了命运，什么力量能造成如此奇特的转折？

E'en Caesar sprung from Heaven, and now a Star, / Tho' midst the dangers of the Civil War, / Secure He stood, and careless of Repose, / Was ne're surpriz'd by his most watchful Foes; / Yet Crown'd with Peace, in all his Pomp and State / He fell a Victim to o're-ruling Fate:

就连凯撒，出自天上、如今是一颗星，在内战的种种危险之中都安然挺立，不顾休息，从未被最警觉的敌人袭倒；可在和平加冕、处于全部排场与威仪之时，他却倒下，成了压倒一切的命运的牺牲：

No dark suspitions, but bright hints were brought, / He knew what Cassius spoke, and Brutus thought; / How far advanc'd, how far they meant to go, / And saw the minute of the fatal Blow: / Yet dark Oblivion did his Memory blot, / He all his warnings, and Himself forgot;

不是模糊的猜疑，而是明白的暗示传到他那里，他知道卡西乌斯说了什么、布鲁图想了什么；他们推进到了哪一步，打算走多远，也看见了致命一击的那一刻：可是黑暗的遗忘抹去了他的记忆，他忘了一切警告，也忘了自己；

And in the Senate, whilst his Right Hand held / The faithful Bill, which all the Plot reveal'd; / To prove that Fate will sway, and Stars controul, / He fell, and with his Blood defac'd the Scroul: / O mighty power of Fate, and prov'd too well!

在元老院里，他的右手还握着那份揭露全部阴谋的忠实的字条；为了证明命运必定支配、星辰必定控制，他倒下了，用自己的血污损了那卷文书：命运的巨大力量啊，证明得太充分了！

The Best, the Wisest, and the Greatest fell. / Why should I mention Kings and Empires falls, / Shew Conquering Cyrus on the Sardian Walls?

最好的、最智慧的、最伟大的人倒下了。我何必提起国王与帝国的倾覆，指给你看征服者居鲁士站在萨第斯的城墙上？

Or Croesus shrinking at the rising Flame? / Or Priam's Trunk, a thing without a Name?

或者克罗伊斯在升起的火焰前退缩？或者普里阿摩斯的躯干，一个没有名字的东西？

Unhappy Prince! the Beasts and Vultur's spoil, / His Troy was burnt, but Priam wants a Pile.

不幸的君王！成了野兽与秃鹫的掠物，他的特洛伊被焚烧了，普里阿摩斯却缺一个火葬堆。

The Wreck of Xerxes, who wou'd scourge the Gods, / A Wreck, much greater than the threatned Floods?

要我说薛西斯的覆灭吗？他竟要鞭打诸神，他的覆灭比他所威胁的洪流还大。

Or Tullus's Reign, who by the power of Fate, / Was born a Slave, yet Rul'd the Roman State?

或者图卢斯的统治？他凭着命运的力量，生为奴隶，却统治了罗马国家。

Or shew Metellus snatch the Vestal Fire, / And as he pass'd, prophaner Flames retire? / How oft do suddain Deaths the Healthy seize,

或者指给你看墨特卢斯抢出维斯塔的圣火，他经过时，较不神圣的火焰都退开？健康的人多么常常被猝死攫住，

Second Argument

［第二个论证］

Without the formal warning of Disease? / And yet how often from the Piles retire, / E'en fly themselves, and wander thro' the Fire?

没有疾病正式的警告？可又多么常常有人从火葬堆上退回来，甚至逃离火葬堆，穿过火焰走开？

Thus some have from their Graves return'd, and known / Two Lives, whilst others, scarce enjoy but One.

所以有些人从坟墓里回来，经历了两次生命，而别人连一次也难享尽。

A small Disease destroys, whilst greater spare, / Good Methods fail, and Men are lost by Care.

小病致死，大病却放过人；好的疗法失败，人因照料而丧命。

Some temperate Diet, with Diseases fills, / And Poyson's Innocent, when Physick Kills. / Some Children prove a mean degenerate Race,

有人节制饮食，却满身疾病；毒药无害，医药却杀人。有些孩子证明是卑劣堕落的一代，

Third Argument

［第三个论证］

Some shew their Father's Mind, as well as Face; / In One, their Vertue, and their Fortune rise / To greater height, and in Another dyes.

有些则显出父亲的心，也显出他的面容；在一个人身上，美德与运气升到更高处，在另一个人身上却消亡了。

One mad in Love, to Troy will carry War, / Or swim the Flood, and view the Torch from far, / The Other is determin'd to the Bar.

一个爱得发狂，要把战争带到特洛伊，或者游过海峡，远远望着那火炬；另一个却注定上法庭。

A Son his Father, Father kills the Son / On mutual Wounds two head long Brothers run; / These Combats prove the force of ruling Powers, / For they are too unnatural to be Ours. / That every Age no new Camilh's breath,

儿子杀父亲，父亲杀儿子；两个莽撞的兄弟冲向彼此的伤口；这些争斗证明了统治的力量，因为它们太违背天性，不可能出于我们自己。每个时代没有新的卡米卢斯们出世，

Fourth Argument

［第四个论证］

The Decij dye, or Cato conquer Death, / 'Tis not but that the Seed can still receive / As noble Stamps, but Fates refuse to give.

没有德基乌斯们赴死，没有加图战胜死亡，并不是因为种子不能再受同样高贵的印记，而是命运不肯给予。

To fewer Days they do not cramp the Poor, / Nor brib'd by Wealth, enlarg'd the Rich with more; / There Riches lose their force, the shining Years / Of glorious Tyrants must be turn'd in Tears; / They dig a Grave for Kings, and fix the Day;

它们并不因人贫穷就把他限在较少的日子里，也不受财富贿赂，给富人更多的日子；在那里财富失去了力量，光荣的暴君那辉煌的岁月也必定化为眼泪；它们为国王掘墓，定下日期；

How great must be that Power which Crowns obey! / Successless Vertue sinks whilst Vice prevails,

君王都要服从的那种力量该有多大！美德无功而沉没，罪恶却占上风，

Fifth Argument

［第五个论证］

And Folly wins the Prize when Prudence fails: / He argues ill that from the Fortune draws / The goodness or the badness of a Cause: / Success or Morit do not always Crown, / Midst good and bad Men they are blindly thrown, / Without Respect, fixt fatally on One.

愚蠢赢得奖赏，审慎却失败：从运气来推断一件事的好坏，是拙劣的推理：成功或功绩并不总是得到加冕，它们被盲目地抛在好人与坏人之间，不加区别，命定地落在某一个人身上。

For some superior Power's impetuous force / Marks out our way, and still directs the Course; / The Years that we must run, the length, the pace, / And all the various turnings of the Race.

因为某种更高力量的猛烈之势标出我们的道路，始终指引我们的路程；我们必须跑的年数、长度、步伐，以及赛程中的种种转弯。

Sixth Argument

［第六个论证］

Besides, what Monstrous Births, the Nurses fear / And Mother's shame, half Man, half Beast appear?

此外，那些令乳母害怕、令母亲羞耻的怪胎，半人半兽，又怎么说呢？

Such wondrous Creatures ne're from Seed began, / For what hath Beast that's common to a Man?

这样奇异的生物从来不是由种子开始的，因为野兽有什么与人相同的？

And what mean Soul would with his Lust comply, / And Sin on purpose for a Prodigy?

什么卑贱的灵魂会顺从这种淫欲，故意犯罪，好造出一个怪物？

No; Stars dispose, they Counterfeit a Rape, / And mix a Monster of amazing shape. / Besides, were not Events by Fates enrol'd,

不；是星辰安排的，它们伪造了一场交合，混合出一个形状惊人的怪物。此外，假如事件不是由命运登记在册，

Seventh Argument

［第七个论证］

How can their certain Order be foretold? / How can the Prophets Sing of future Doom, / And in the present read the Age to come? / To this there's one Objection; Fate denies

它们确定的次序怎能被预言？预言者怎能唱出未来的劫数，在现在里读出将来的时代？对此有一个驳难：命运否认