卷四（二）　答驳难；星座所赋的性情与技艺（白羊至水瓶）

An Objection answer'd

［答一个驳难］

Rewards to Vertue, and must plead for Vice: / Absurd; for who less hates a Poysonous Weed / Because 'tis bred from Necessary Seed?

美德应得的报酬，又必定为罪恶开脱：荒谬；因为谁会因为一株毒草是从必然的种子里长出来的，就少恨它一些？

Or who loves Corn the less; who hates the Vine. / Because by Nature rais'd, and not Design?

或者谁会因此少爱谷物？谁会因为葡萄藤是自然所生、不是有意设计的，就恨它呢？

Thus Virtuous Minds deserve the greater Love, / Since Heaven consents, and all the Stars approve; / And we should hate those more whom Fates have sent / To commit Crimes and suffer Punishment; / For how, or whence these noxious faults begin / No matter, since each is certainly a Sin.

所以有德的心灵更配得到爱，因为天允许、群星都赞许；对那些被命运派来犯罪、受罚的人，我们应当更加憎恨；因为这些有害的过错怎样开始、从哪里开始都无关紧要，既然每一个都确实是罪。

Nay this Opinion's settled by Debate, / 'Tis Fate that we should thus dispute of Fate. / This settled, I must now attempt to climb

不仅如此，这个意见经过辩论已经确定：我们这样辩论命运，本身也是命运。这一点确定之后，我现在必须尝试攀登

The Influence of the Signs

［星座的影响］

Celestial steps, and run the Round of Time, / The Zodiack travel, go through every Sign, / Their Powers rehearse, and sing how all incline. / First Aries shines, and as he oft doth lose

天上的台阶，跑完时间之圈，周游黄道，走过每一个星座，复述它们的力量，歌唱它们各使人倾向什么。首先白羊放光；正如他常常失去

Of Aries

［白羊］

His Fleece, and then as frequently renews, / 'Twixt sudden Ruin, and a fair Estate / He fixes the variety of Fate; / He gets, then loseth, then returns to Gain, / Then Loss steals in, and empties all his pain; / He rears new Lambs, he doth encrease the Fold, / And makes the Rams to shine in native Gold;

他的羊毛，又同样常常重新长出，他就在突然的破败与丰厚的家业之间定下命运的变化；他得到，然后失去，然后又赚回来，然后损失又偷偷溜进来，耗空他的全部辛苦；他养育新的羊羔，使羊群增多，使公羊闪耀天生的金色；

Betters the Wool, and whilst the Subject grows / He forms Mens Minds to use what he bestows; / To Pick, to Card, to Spin, and Weave, to deal / In Cloath with gain; to Buy, Exchange, and sell: / All useful Arts, whose constant Works supply / Mens real Wants, not only Luxury:

改良羊毛；当原料增长时，他塑造人的心智，去使用他所赐予的东西；去摘、去梳、去纺、去织，去做布匹生意赚钱；去买、去换、去卖：一切有用的技艺，它们恒常的工作供应人的真实需要，而不只是奢侈：

This Pallas owns, nor doth disdain to claim / Arachne's conquest as her greatest Fame.

帕拉斯承认这一点，也不以为有失身份，把她对阿拉克涅的胜利认作最大的荣耀。

These are the manners, these the various Arts / Which Aries Rays, and secret force imparts; / To anxious fears he troubled Minds betrays / And strong Desires to venture all for Praise. / Dull Honest Plowmen to manure the Field

这些就是白羊的光线与秘密的力量所赋予的品性与种种技艺；他把烦恼的心交给焦虑的恐惧，又给它们为求赞美而孤注一掷的强烈欲望。迟钝而诚实的农夫耕作田地，

Of Taurus

［金牛］

Strong Taurus bears, by him the Grounds are till'd: / No gaudy things he breeds, no Prize for worth, / But Blesseth Earth, and brings her Labour forth: / He takes the Yoke, nor doth the Plough disdain, / And teacheth Farmers to manure the Plain:

是强壮的金牛所生，田地由他来耕种：他不生艳丽的东西，也不生配得奖赏的才俊，却赐福大地，使她的劳动有所出产：他接受轭，也不轻视犁，教农夫耕作平原：

He's their Example, when he bears the Sun / In his bright Horns, the noble toyl's begun: / The useful Plowshare he retrieves from Rust, / Nor lies at ease, and wants his strength in Dust.

他是他们的榜样：当他用明亮的角承载太阳时，高贵的劳作就开始了：有用的犁铧被他从锈里取回，他不躺着享安逸，也不让力气在尘土里荒废。

To him the Curij, and to him we owe / The brave Serrani, he i'th' Fields did Rods bestow, / And sent a great Dictator from his Plow.

我们要感谢他给了库里乌斯们，感谢他给了勇敢的塞拉努斯们；他在田间颁授权杖，从犁边派出一位伟大的独裁官。

Reserv'd, aspiring Minds, Limbs slow to move / But strong in Bulk his powerful Rays improve, / And on his Curled Front sits wanton Love. / Soft Gemini to easier Arts incline

矜持、有抱负的心，行动迟缓却体格强壮的肢体，都由他强有力的光线造就，在他卷曲的额上坐着放纵的爱神。柔和的双子使人倾向较轻松的技艺，

Of Gemini

［双子］

For softer Studies fit an Infant Sign. / They tune rough Words, or they incline to Sing, / To stop the Pipe, or strike the speaking String; / Through Reeds they blow the Natural Sound in Measure, / Gay their delight, and e'en their Pains are Pleasure;

一个孩童般的星座，适合较柔和的学问。他们使粗糙的词语和谐，或者倾向歌唱，按笛孔、拨动会说话的琴弦；用芦管合着节拍吹出自然的声音，他们的乐事欢快，连他们的辛劳也是乐趣；

Wars they avoid, Old Age they chace with Song, / And when late Death o'retakes them they are Young.

他们避开战争，用歌声驱赶老年，迟迟的死亡追上他们时，他们仍然年轻。

Sometimes to Heaven they mount, and trace the Stars, / Then fix in Globes, or turn the Signs in Spheres: / Their Wit reigns o're their Nature, and refines / Its Powers; This is the Influence of the Twins. / But glowing Cancer (where the Summer Sun

有时他们升到天上，追踪群星，然后把它们固定在天球仪上，或者在天球里转动星座：他们的才智统治他们的天性，提炼它的力量；这就是双子的影响。但火热的巨蟹（夏天的太阳在那里

Of Cancer

［巨蟹］

With fiery Chariots bounds the Torrid Zone, / Drives fiercely up, then with a bending Rein / Sinks down, and runs in lower Rounds again.)

驾着火焰的车限定炎热带，猛然向上驱驰，然后弯转缰绳下沉，再在较低的圈子里奔跑。）

As close in's Shell he lies, affords his Aid / To greedy Merchants, and inclines to Trade: / His Births shall sail, through Seas and Dangers tost / To reap the Riches of a Foreign Coast.

他像紧闭在壳里一样，助长贪婪的商人，使人倾向贸易：他所生的人将航行，在大海与危险中颠簸，去收获异邦海岸的财富。

What thrifty Nature hath but thinly sown / In Many Countries, they shall bring to One; / Intent on gain ne're heed the Poors complaint / But thrive on Scarcity, and live on Want: / For Wealth undaunted gather every Wind, / Out-sail good Fame, and leave Repute behind, / And when their greedy Hands have seiz'd the Store / Of this, search other Worlds, and seek for more.

节俭的自然在许多国家只是稀稀地播撒的东西，他们要把它们带到一处；一心求利，从不理会穷人的抱怨，却靠匮乏发家，靠贫困为生：为了财富，他们无畏地迎着每一阵风，航行得超过好名声，把声誉抛在身后；当他们贪婪的手攫取了这个世界的储藏，又去搜寻别的世界，寻求更多。

Or else at home prove griping Vsurers, / Complaining at the slowness of the Years, / Wish swifter Suns, and set too vast a rate / On Time it self, to raise a quick Estate: / Their Bodies shall be Strong, inur'd to Pain, / Their Wits Contriving, and intent on gain: / What Inclinations Leo's Rays dispense

要不就在家里做吝啬的放债者，抱怨岁月太慢，盼望太阳快些转，给时间本身定下过高的价钱，好快快攒起家产：他们的身体强壮，惯于吃苦，他们的才智善于谋划，一心求利。狮子的光线赋予怎样的倾向，

Of Leo

［狮子］

Is quickly known, 'tis plain to Common Sense, / He gives his Own; for he the Woods infests / The mighty Terror of the meaner Beasts: / He lives on Rapine, ranges all the Day, / And sullenly at Night groans o're his Prey.

很快就能知道，凭常识就看得明白，他给的是他自己的本性；因为他骚扰森林，是较弱野兽的大恐怖：他靠掠夺为生，整天游荡，夜里阴沉地对着猎物呻吟。

Hence he inclines Mens Minds to Hunt, and fills / Our Nobles spacious Halls with grinning spoyls; / There Skins and Horns do spread a dismal grace, / And stand as certain Heraulds of their Race; / This Beast was mine, and that my Father's Game, / They cry, these are the Annals of their Fame:

所以他使人心倾向狩猎，用龇牙的战利品塞满我们贵人宽敞的大厅；那里兽皮与兽角铺开一种阴森的装饰，立在那里当作他们家族确凿的纹章；「这头野兽是我猎的，那头是我父亲的猎物」，他们喊道，这就是他们荣耀的编年史：

That generous Youth which France and Spain did fear / Now prove the Humble Terror of a Deer.

那曾令法兰西与西班牙畏惧的豪迈青年，如今成了一头鹿的谦卑的恐怖。

Nay some in Towns pursue this wild delight, / There barbarous grow, and breed up Beasts to fight; / Then bring them out for sight in Theaters, / And feast their Luxury with Bruitish Wars; / Cruel in Sport: Their Posts are grac't with Spoyl, / And they get shameful Honour without Toyl:

不仅如此，还有人在城里追求这种野性的乐趣，在那里变得野蛮，养野兽来格斗；然后把它们带到剧场里展示，以野兽的战争满足他们的奢侈；在游戏中残忍：他们的门柱装饰着战利品，他们不费力气就得到可耻的荣誉：

He makes Men warm, their Passions quickly rais'd, / Like Boys soon angry, and as soon appeas'd: / But Plain and Honest all their Thoughts sincere; / Pure as the Sun, and like the Water clear. / But modest Virgo's Rays give polisht parts,

他使人热烈，激情很快被激起，像男孩一样容易发怒，也一样很快平息：但朴实诚实，所有的思想都真诚；纯洁如太阳，清澈如水。但端庄的处女的光线赋予优雅的才能，

Of Virgo

［处女］

And fill Mens Breasts with Honesty and Arts; / No tricks for Gain, nor love of Wealth dispense, / But piercing Thoughts, and winning Eloquence; / With words persuasive, and with Rhetorick strong / They rule, and are e'en Monarchs by their Tongue.

使人胸中充满诚实与技艺；不给谋利的诡计，也不给对财富的爱，而给敏锐的思想与动人的口才；他们以有说服力的言词、有力的修辞来统治，甚至凭他们的舌头就成了君王。

Through Nature's Secrets too, they boldly press, / Tho' deeply hid, and meet a just success; / In Short-Hand skill'd, where little Marks comprise, / Whole words, a Sentence in a Letter lies; / And whilst Obedient hands their Aid afford, / Prevent the Tongue, and Fix the falling Word.

他们也大胆地深入自然的秘密，虽然藏得很深，却得到应有的成功；他们精于速记，小小的符号包含整个词，一个字母里藏着一个句子；当顺从的手提供帮助时，就抢在舌头之前，把落下的话固定下来。

But bashful Modesty, casts down their Eyes, / The best of Vices, yet 'tis still a Vice, / Because it stifles, checks, or nips like Frost / A blooming Vertue, and the Fruit is lost.

但羞怯的端庄使他们垂下眼睛，这是最好的恶习，可仍然是恶习，因为它窒息、遏制、或像霜冻一样掐掉一朵正在开放的美德，果实就失去了。

Besides, though strange such Influence should come / From Virgo's Rays, she gives a fruitful Womb. / Libra, whose Scales, when Autumn turns the Signs,

此外，虽然这样的影响竟从处女的光线而来很奇怪，她却给人多产的子宫。天秤，当秋天转换星座时，她的秤

Of Libra

［天秤］

And ruddy Bacchus treads the juicy Vines; / In equal Balance, poize the Night and Day, / Teach how to measure, and instruct to weigh: / And Rival Palamed, (who Numbers sound, / And into Letters fram'd unpolisht found; / To Him the Art of Words, and Speech we owe, / Till then Men only Spoak, but knew not how.)

——而红润的巴克斯正踩踏多汁的葡萄——在相等的平衡中称量黑夜与白昼，教人丈量，教人称重：又使人与帕拉墨得斯相匹敌（他发现了数，把未经琢磨的声音构成文字；我们的言语之术要感谢他，在那以前人们只是说话，却不懂怎样说）。

Besides, He'll know the Niceties of Law; / What guard the Good, and what the Guilty awe, / What Vengeance wait on Crimes, with Skill declare, / His private Chamber, still shall be the Bar.

此外，他将懂得法律的精微之处；什么保护好人，什么震慑罪人，什么报应等待着罪行，他都能精熟地说明，他私人的房间就始终是法庭。

What He determines, that for Right shall stand, / As Iustice weigh'd her Balance in his Hand.

他所判定的，就作为正当而成立，仿佛正义亲手把她的天平放在他手里称量。

This Rul'd at Servius's Birth, who first did give / Our Laws a Being, rather than Revive; / The Tables seem'd Old, Reverend Senseless Lines, / Meer waxen Things, and fit to serve Designs, / As Fools mistook, or Crafty Knaves would draw; / Till He infus'd a Soul, and made them Law. / Bright Scorpio Arm'd, with poys'nous Tail prepares,

天秤在塞尔维乌斯出生时主宰，他首先赋予我们的法律以存在，而不只是使它复活；那些法表看来古老、可敬而无意义，只是蜡做的东西，适于为各种图谋服务，任愚人误解，任狡猾的无赖曲解；直到他注入灵魂，使它们成为法律。全副武装的明亮的天蝎，以有毒的尾巴准备

Of Scorpio

［天蝎］

Mens Martial Minds, for Violence and Wars; / His Venom heats, and boyls their Bloods to Rage, / And Rapine spreads o're the unlucky Age.

人的尚武之心去行暴、去打仗；他的毒液使人发热，把血沸腾成狂怒，在不幸的时代散布掠夺。

Yet, when the Sun drives there, Men tear the Earth, / And cast their Seed to an increasing Birth, / As if he led mistaken Men to toil, / And sweat for Matter for a future spoil.

可是当太阳驶到那里，人们翻掘土地，把种子撒下去，等它繁衍生长；仿佛他引着犯错的人去劳作，为将来的掠夺流汗准备材料。

Yet 'tis not Prey they seek, as much as Blood, / For e'en in Peace they fiercely trace the Wood, / O're Forests range, and every Plain infest, / Now Fight with Man, and now Engage with Beast.

可他们所求的与其说是猎物，不如说是血，因为即使在和平中，他们也凶猛地搜索森林，游荡在森林里，侵扰每一片平原，时而与人斗，时而与兽战。

To please the Crowd, they unprovok'd engage, / And sell their Lives, to the dishonest Stage; / And when calm Peace doth Publick Rest bestow, / Yet still to Fight, each seeks himself a Foe.

为了取悦人群，他们无故交战，把性命卖给不体面的竞技场；当平静的和平给公众带来安宁时，每个人仍要战斗，各自为自己找一个敌人。

They spend their leisure Hours in fierce Alarms, / And all their Recreation is in Arms. / The double Centaur different Tempers breeds,

他们在激烈的警报中度过闲暇，他们一切的消遣都在兵器之中。双身的人马造就不同的性情，

Of Sagittarius

［射手］

They break the Horse, and tame the fiery Steeds; / They love the sounding Whip, the Race, the Rein, / And whirl the Chariot o're the dusty Plain: / Nor is their Humor to the Fields confin'd, / They range the Woods, and tame the Savage Kind;

他们驯马，驯服火烈的骏马；他们爱响亮的鞭子、赛跑、缰绳，在尘土飞扬的平原上旋转战车：他们的嗜好也不限于田野，他们游荡在森林里，驯服野性的种类；

Young Bears they break, and Tygers heats asswage. / And hear Young Lions roaring without Rage.

他们驯化幼熊，平息老虎的火气，听幼狮吼叫而不带怒气。

Discourse the Elephant, and Teach the Mass / A mimick Action, and a decent Grace; / To Act in Plays, or raise th' unweildly load, / To Dance, and be the Darling of the Crowd.

与大象交谈，教那庞然之躯模仿的动作与得体的姿态；去演戏，或举起笨重的负担，去跳舞，成为人群的宠儿。

For in the Frame, in double forms exprest, / The Man is uppermost, and rules the Beast; / His Bow full drawn implies, his Rays impart, / Strength to the Limbs, and Vigor to the Heart.

因为在那以双重形体表现的形象里，人在上方，统治着兽；他那拉满的弓意味着，他的光线赋予肢体力量，给心以活力。

Quick active Motions, full of warmth and heat, / Still pressing on, unknowing to retreat. / But Sacred Vesta guards thy fatal Fire,

敏捷灵活的动作，充满温暖与热力，始终向前，不知后退。但神圣的维斯塔守护你致命的火，

Of Capricorn

［摩羯］

And thence 'tis guess'd, what Minds thy Rays inspire, / Contracted Goat; by thee that Art's infus'd, / Which Fire assists, and where a Flame is us'd; / By thee the Miners burn the Womb of Earth; / And see the place of Metals fatal Birth:

由此可以猜出你的光线激发怎样的心智，局促的山羊啊；由你注入那门借助火、用到火焰的技艺；由你，矿工焚烧大地的子宫，看见金属命定的出生之处：

By thee they melt; by thee they work the Mould, / Refine, and Stamp it into mighty Gold: / By thee, the Silver, Iron, Gold, and Brass, / The Forge dissolves, and forms the easie Mass: / By thee, the Ovens heat, and Baths acquire, / And Happy Chymists blow enriching Fire:

由你，他们熔化；由你，他们处理铸模，提炼，把它压印成巨大的黄金：由你，熔炉熔解银、铁、金与铜，把它们锻成顺从的块：由你，烤炉与浴室得到热，幸运的炼金术士吹起致富的火：

Thy Cold (for thou o're Winter Signs dost reign, / Pull'st back the Sun, and send'st us Day again) / Makes Brokers Rich, for whilst you spread your Ice, / Their Wares go off, and they enhance the Price: / From thee our Youth unconstant Tempers prove, / And eagerly pursue unlawful Love, / 'Cause Goat above; but these the Fish behind / Corrects in Age, and fixes the soft Mind. / Aquarius pouring out his Urn, imparts

你的寒冷（因为你统治冬天的星座，拉回太阳，又把白昼送回给我们）使掮客发财，因为当你散布冰霜时，他们的货物卖得出去，他们抬高价钱：由于你，我们的青年性情多变，急切地追求不正当的爱情，因为山羊在上；但后面的鱼尾在老年时纠正这一点，把柔软的心固定下来。倾倒水瓮的水瓶赋予

Of Aquarius

［水瓶］

An useful Knowledge in resembling Arts, / To find out Springs, and with new Streams supply / The Barren Countries, and refresh the dry; / To raise in Pipes, or to extend in Beams, / And in high Rooms imprison Foreign Streams; / Affront the Sea, for State, not use, restrain / The Waves with Moles, and curb the raging Main;

一种在相似技艺上有用的知识，去寻找泉源，以新的水流供应贫瘠的地方，滋润干旱之处；把水升入管道，或在渠梁上延伸，把外来的水流囚禁在高高的房间里；对抗大海，为排场而不为实用，用防波堤约束波浪，抑制狂暴的海洋；

Or Engins raise, whence Waters mount above, / And mix the lower, with the higher Iove.

或者造起机械，使水升到上方，把下方的水与高处的朱庇特混合。

A thousand other Arts, which Waters sway, / As Channels lead, or else as Pipes convey, / Depend upon the influence of his Ray.

还有上千种其他技艺，由水来支配，或如渠道引导，或如管道输送，都依赖于他的光线的影响。

And to his Births the World oblig'd shall owe / Spheres, Cycles, Orbs, and turn new Skies below.

世界将感谢他所生的人，给它天球、周期、诸天，在下界转动新的天。

Soft, easie Tempers, loving Coin for use, / Not sordid, but inclin'd to be profuse; / Not pincht, nor yet too swelling in Estate; / Thus flows the Vrn, and fixes this for Fate. / Last double Pisces, from their shining scale,

柔和、随和的性情，爱钱是为了用，不吝啬，反倒倾向于挥霍；不拮据，也不太富足；水瓮就这样流淌，把这定为命运。最后是双体的双鱼，从它们闪亮的鳞片，