卷三(四) 昼长的增减、星座的年月日时、寿数与回归星座
以斯塔迪昂求上升点;昼长由冬至到夏至按一二三递增;年月日时分属星座;各星座、各位置给予的寿数;四个回归星座。
By Stadia
But if you count by Stadia, change the Name, / But keep the Method, for the Rule's the same: / Seven Hundred Twenty Stadia fill the Round, / No more in Day, no more in Night are found: / Hence take as many as compleat the Night, / When glowing Cancer in the Summer's hight / Bears Phoebus, and short darkness bounds the light.
The rest by Six divide, one Sixth devise / To fiery Leo as his time to rise; / Night's Stadia so divide, one Sixth bestow / On Taurus: Take the Difference twixt the Two, / That Sum divide by Three, and thence apply, / Beside the Stadia Taurus takes to mount the Sky, / One single Third to naked Gemini.
Thus to the rest proceed, but still confine / To following Signs the Stadia of the former Sign, / With one Third Part's Encrease; till Libra's Ray / This Reckoning stops, and shews another way: / For Signs from Libra different Rules comprise, / A different Order they observe in Skies, / The Stadia others claim to Set they take to Rise.
Those Stadia too in which the rest ascend / These Winter Signs in slowly setting spend.
Thus having fixt the Stadia, now pursue / The Horoscope, 'tis open to thy view; / From that Degree in which the Sun doth mount / Observe my Method, and begin to count; / Give proper Hours to every Sign to rise, / And proper Stadia to ascend the Skies, / Work by those Rules which I have shewn before, / Securely work, for you can err no more.
翻译点开
By Stadia
[以斯塔迪昂计]
But if you count by Stadia, change the Name, / But keep the Method, for the Rule's the same: / Seven Hundred Twenty Stadia fill the Round, / No more in Day, no more in Night are found: / Hence take as many as compleat the Night, / When glowing Cancer in the Summer's hight / Bears Phoebus, and short darkness bounds the light.
但如果你以斯塔迪昂计算,就换个名称,方法却保持不变,因为规则是一样的:七百二十斯塔迪昂填满一圈,白昼与黑夜合起来不多于此数:从中取出夏至时构成黑夜的那么多——即火热的巨蟹在夏天的高处承载福玻斯、短暂的黑暗限制光明的时候。
The rest by Six divide, one Sixth devise / To fiery Leo as his time to rise; / Night's Stadia so divide, one Sixth bestow / On Taurus: Take the Difference twixt the Two, / That Sum divide by Three, and thence apply, / Beside the Stadia Taurus takes to mount the Sky, / One single Third to naked Gemini.
其余的除以六,把六分之一分给火热的狮子作为他升起的时间;黑夜的斯塔迪昂也这样分,把六分之一给金牛:取两者之差,把这个数除以三,然后在金牛升上天空所需的斯塔迪昂之外,把单独一个三分之一给赤裸的双子。
Thus to the rest proceed, but still confine / To following Signs the Stadia of the former Sign, / With one Third Part's Encrease; till Libra's Ray / This Reckoning stops, and shews another way: / For Signs from Libra different Rules comprise, / A different Order they observe in Skies, / The Stadia others claim to Set they take to Rise.
其余的照此进行,但始终把前一个星座的斯塔迪昂限定给后随的星座,再加三分之一的增量;直到天秤的光线止住这种计算,显出另一条路:因为从天秤起的星座遵循不同的规则,它们在天上遵循不同的次序,别的星座沉没所需的斯塔迪昂,它们用来升起。
Those Stadia too in which the rest ascend / These Winter Signs in slowly setting spend.
其余星座升起所用的那些斯塔迪昂,这些冬天的星座在缓缓沉没时用去。
Thus having fixt the Stadia, now pursue / The Horoscope, 'tis open to thy view; / From that Degree in which the Sun doth mount / Observe my Method, and begin to count; / Give proper Hours to every Sign to rise, / And proper Stadia to ascend the Skies, / Work by those Rules which I have shewn before, / Securely work, for you can err no more.
定好了斯塔迪昂之后,现在去求上升点,它就展现在你眼前了;从太阳升起时所在的那一度起,照我的方法开始数;给每个星座应得的时辰去升起、应得的斯塔迪昂去登天,按我前面讲过的那些规则去做;放心去做吧,你不会再出错。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:通则改用斯塔迪昂计:一昼夜七百二十;夏至夜的六分之一给金牛,其余的六分之一给狮子,差分三份逐座递加;然后求上升点。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 斯塔迪昂 | Stadia | 三十为一小时 |
| 增量 | Encrease | 相邻两座之差 |
| 冬天的星座 | Winter Signs | 天秤以后诸座 |
🧭 图解与讲解
这是上一页末「通则」的斯塔迪昂版(图一):一昼夜共七百二十斯塔迪昂,先取夏至时黑夜的斯塔迪昂数,「其余的」就是白昼;白昼除以六给狮子,黑夜除以六给金牛,二者之差除以三,逐座递加,到天秤以后对称递减,而且这些「冬天的星座」沉没所用的斯塔迪昂,就是前面星座升起所用的。换单位而不换方法,所以诗人说「换个名称,方法却保持不变」。
〔图〕同一通则,换用斯塔迪昂:七百二十合一昼夜
有了各座的升起时间,求上升点的步骤与上一页相同:从日出时太阳所在的那一度起,按各座应得的时辰或斯塔迪昂往后累计,数到出生时刻,就是上升点。诗人说「放心去做吧,你不会再出错」,卷三求上升点的部分到此结束。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 斯塔迪昂 | Stadia | 三十为一小时 |
| 增量 | Encrease | 相邻两座之差 |
| 冬天的星座 | Winter Signs | 天秤以后诸座 |
🧭 图解与讲解
这是上一页末「通则」的斯塔迪昂版(图一):一昼夜共七百二十斯塔迪昂,先取夏至时黑夜的斯塔迪昂数,「其余的」就是白昼;白昼除以六给狮子,黑夜除以六给金牛,二者之差除以三,逐座递加,到天秤以后对称递减,而且这些「冬天的星座」沉没所用的斯塔迪昂,就是前面星座升起所用的。换单位而不换方法,所以诗人说「换个名称,方法却保持不变」。
有了各座的升起时间,求上升点的步骤与上一页相同:从日出时太阳所在的那一度起,按各座应得的时辰或斯塔迪昂往后累计,数到出生时刻,就是上升点。诗人说「放心去做吧,你不会再出错」,卷三求上升点的部分到此结束。
By what advance the Winter Months encrease, / (For they advance not by the same Degrees
How Days encrease from Capricorn to Cancer
Thro' every Sign, till on the Ram they light, / Which equals Time, and Day adjusts to Night) / Must next be shewn to all that press to learn, / Short are the Rules, but yet of great Concern.
First take the measure of the shortest Day / And longest Night, when with unequal Ray / Thro' Caper Phoebus drives the narrow way.
Then count the Hours which Day must yield to Shade, / And in three Portions let the Sum be laid; / One of these Parts to th' Middle Sign apply'd / Shews the Increase of Day on either side: / For as the First is by the Midst surpass'd / One Half, so that's exceeded by the last.
Thus thro' Three Signs the Day's Increase is shown, / The following takes what to the Last was grown, / And adds an equal Portion of its own.
For Instance: To the Conquest Night assign / Full Fifteen Hours, and give the Day but Nine: / Three Hours the difference. Now the Goat hath Power / To lengthen Day the space of half an Hour, / One Hour Aquarius adds, the Fishes joyn / As much as Both, and with the rest combine;
Thus three Hours fill'd, adjusted Time they bring / To Aries; and he equals Day and Night in Spring.
The Sixth part of the Time, or more or less, / Whate're it proves, is the first Sign's Increase; / The Second doubles what the First surpass'd, / And gives it to be trebled by the last.
But from the Equinoctial point the Day / Receives increase, but in another way; / For Aries takes as many Hours from Night, / As Pisces seiz'd before in their own Right; / And to compleat the Rapine Taurus. joins / One Hour, one Half is added by the Twins;
Thus whilst these Signs the Time to Day restore, / Night justly loses, as it gain'd before.
From Caper thus Decreasing Nights appear, / And Heaven turns up the right side of the Year; / The Day proceeds to lengthen all the way, / Till high in Cancer rais'd it finds a Stay; / The Solstice then: when Day and Night are found / Equal to Night and Day that drove the Winter round.
Then by the same degrees again the Light / Decreasing, what it took returns to Night. / Thus far advanc't in Art my Verse defines
翻译点开
By what advance the Winter Months encrease, / (For they advance not by the same Degrees
冬天的月份以怎样的进度增长(因为它们并不是以相同的度数增长
How Days encrease from Capricorn to Cancer
[白昼怎样从摩羯到巨蟹增长]
Thro' every Sign, till on the Ram they light, / Which equals Time, and Day adjusts to Night) / Must next be shewn to all that press to learn, / Short are the Rules, but yet of great Concern.
经过每一个星座,直到抵达白羊,白羊使时间相等,使白昼与黑夜相称),接下来必须向一切急于学习的人说明,法则简短,却关系重大。
First take the measure of the shortest Day / And longest Night, when with unequal Ray / Thro' Caper Phoebus drives the narrow way.
先取最短的白昼和最长的黑夜的长度,即福玻斯以不均的光线驱车穿过摩羯、走那狭窄之路的时候。
Then count the Hours which Day must yield to Shade, / And in three Portions let the Sum be laid; / One of these Parts to th' Middle Sign apply'd / Shews the Increase of Day on either side: / For as the First is by the Midst surpass'd / One Half, so that's exceeded by the last.
然后数出白昼必须让给阴影的时辰,把这个总数分成三份;把其中一份配给中间的那个星座,就显出两边白昼的增量:因为正如第一个被中间的超过一半,中间的也照样被最后的超过。
Thus thro' Three Signs the Day's Increase is shown, / The following takes what to the Last was grown, / And adds an equal Portion of its own.
白昼的增长就这样经过三个星座显出来,后随的星座取得前一个所增长的,再加上同样的一份自己的。
For Instance: To the Conquest Night assign / Full Fifteen Hours, and give the Day but Nine: / Three Hours the difference. Now the Goat hath Power / To lengthen Day the space of half an Hour, / One Hour Aquarius adds, the Fishes joyn / As much as Both, and with the rest combine;
举个例子:判给黑夜的胜利是足足十五小时,白昼只给九小时:相差三小时。这时摩羯有力量把白昼加长半小时,水瓶加一小时,双鱼加的与前两者合起来一样多,与其余的合在一起;
Thus three Hours fill'd, adjusted Time they bring / To Aries; and he equals Day and Night in Spring.
这样填满了三小时,它们把调整好的时间带到白羊;他在春天使昼夜相等。
The Sixth part of the Time, or more or less, / Whate're it proves, is the first Sign's Increase; / The Second doubles what the First surpass'd, / And gives it to be trebled by the last.
时间的六分之一,或多或少,不论结果是多少,就是第一个星座的增量;第二个把第一个所增的加倍,再交给最后一个变成三倍。
But from the Equinoctial point the Day / Receives increase, but in another way; / For Aries takes as many Hours from Night, / As Pisces seiz'd before in their own Right; / And to compleat the Rapine Taurus. joins / One Hour, one Half is added by the Twins;
但从分点起,白昼的增长换了另一种方式;因为白羊从黑夜取走的时辰,与双鱼先前凭自己的权利所夺取的一样多;金牛加上一小时来完成这场掠夺,双子加上半小时;
Thus whilst these Signs the Time to Day restore, / Night justly loses, as it gain'd before.
这些星座这样把时间还给白昼,黑夜也就公平地失去它先前得到的。
From Caper thus Decreasing Nights appear, / And Heaven turns up the right side of the Year; / The Day proceeds to lengthen all the way, / Till high in Cancer rais'd it finds a Stay; / The Solstice then: when Day and Night are found / Equal to Night and Day that drove the Winter round.
从摩羯起,黑夜就这样一天天缩短,天转出一年的右边;白昼一路不断加长,直到在巨蟹里升到高处,找到停驻之处:那时是至点:那时的白昼与黑夜,正等于驱动冬天时的黑夜与白昼。
Then by the same degrees again the Light / Decreasing, what it took returns to Night. / Thus far advanc't in Art my Verse defines
然后光又以同样的度数递减,把它取走的还给黑夜。我的诗在技艺上进展至此,现在要说明
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:冬至昼短于十二时之数分三份:摩羯增其半份,水瓶一份,双鱼一份半;分点后白羊一份半,金牛一份,双子半份,到巨蟹昼最长。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 至点 | Solstice | 昼最长或最短之时 |
| 分点 | Equinoctial point | 昼夜相等之时 |
| 增量 | Increase | 每座使白昼加长之数 |
🧭 图解与讲解
这里讲提要第十项:从冬至(摩羯)到夏至(巨蟹),白昼怎样增长。规则是(表一):冬至时白昼比十二小时短多少,就把这个差额分成六份,太阳经过摩羯时白昼增加一份,经过水瓶时增加两份,经过双鱼时增加三份,到白羊正好昼夜相等;春分以后反过来,白羊三份、金牛两份、双子一份,到巨蟹白昼最长。
| 太阳经过 | 白昼增加 | 经过后白昼 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 摩羯 | ½ 时 | 9½ 时 | 差额的六分之一 |
| 水瓶 | 1 时 | 10½ 时 | 差额的三分之一(加倍) |
| 双鱼 | 1½ 时 | 12 时(到白羊,春分) | 差额的二分之一(三倍) |
| 白羊 | 1½ 时 | 13½ 时 | 与双鱼相同 |
| 金牛 | 1 时 | 14½ 时 | 与水瓶相同 |
| 双子 | ½ 时 | 15 时(到巨蟹,夏至) | 与摩羯相同 |
〔图〕白昼的增长:冬至后由慢而快,春分后由快而慢
诗中的例子用冬至昼九时、夜十五时:差三小时,于是摩羯加半小时,水瓶加一小时,双鱼加一个半小时,合三小时,到白羊昼夜各十二时;再经白羊、金牛、双子各加一个半、一、半小时,到夏至白昼十五时,「正等于驱动冬天时的黑夜」。这个例子与上一页尼罗河的数字(九时半)不同,只是示例。
按一、二、三分配增量,是古巴比伦天文学里常见的「线性锯齿」近似:实际上昼长在分点附近变化最快、在至点附近最慢,这个规则的大方向是对的(图二)。夏至以后,白昼「以同样的度数递减」,即巨蟹、狮子、处女减一、二、三份,天秤、天蝎、射手减三、二、一份。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 至点 | Solstice | 昼最长或最短之时 |
| 分点 | Equinoctial point | 昼夜相等之时 |
| 增量 | Increase | 每座使白昼加长之数 |
🧭 图解与讲解
这里讲提要第十项:从冬至(摩羯)到夏至(巨蟹),白昼怎样增长。规则是(表一):冬至时白昼比十二小时短多少,就把这个差额分成六份,太阳经过摩羯时白昼增加一份,经过水瓶时增加两份,经过双鱼时增加三份,到白羊正好昼夜相等;春分以后反过来,白羊三份、金牛两份、双子一份,到巨蟹白昼最长。
| 太阳经过 | 白昼增加 | 经过后白昼 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 摩羯 | ½ 时 | 9½ 时 | 差额的六分之一 |
| 水瓶 | 1 时 | 10½ 时 | 差额的三分之一(加倍) |
| 双鱼 | 1½ 时 | 12 时(到白羊,春分) | 差额的二分之一(三倍) |
| 白羊 | 1½ 时 | 13½ 时 | 与双鱼相同 |
| 金牛 | 1 时 | 14½ 时 | 与水瓶相同 |
| 双子 | ½ 时 | 15 时(到巨蟹,夏至) | 与摩羯相同 |
诗中的例子用冬至昼九时、夜十五时:差三小时,于是摩羯加半小时,水瓶加一小时,双鱼加一个半小时,合三小时,到白羊昼夜各十二时;再经白羊、金牛、双子各加一个半、一、半小时,到夏至白昼十五时,「正等于驱动冬天时的黑夜」。这个例子与上一页尼罗河的数字(九时半)不同,只是示例。
按一、二、三分配增量,是古巴比伦天文学里常见的「线性锯齿」近似:实际上昼长在分点附近变化最快、在至点附近最慢,这个规则的大方向是对的(图二)。夏至以后,白昼「以同样的度数递减」,即巨蟹、狮子、处女减一、二、三份,天秤、天蝎、射手减三、二、一份。
The Years, Months, Days, and Hours of Signs
The proper Years, Months, Hours, and Days of Signs: / These must be shewn; for Signs have Days & Hours, / And Months, and Years when they exert their Powers.
First then, that Sign in which the Sun appears, / Because the Sun measures out the time in Years, / Claims the first Year: On following Signs bestow / The following Years as they in Order go.
And so the Moon, for as she rounds the Skies, / She measures Months, to Signs the Months applies.
Of Days and Hours the Horoscope possest / Of the first parts, to following Signs commits the rest.
This Nature orders, all her Months and Years, / And Days, and Hours, she parcels out to Stars; / That as they run their Course they all may find / The different Signs, and vary in their kind.
This Nature orders too; and hence there springs / That various Discord that is seen in Things; / In one continued Stream no Fortune flows, / Joy mixes Grief, and Pleasures urg'd by Woes: / Inconstancy in every part appears, / Which Wisdom never trusts, but Folly fears.
Thus Years from Years, and as they roul the round / The Months from Months, and Days from Days are found / To differ: no returning Hours restore / That sort of Fortune which they brought before: / Because the Times, as round their Course they run, / Meet different Signs, and are not bound to One;
The Days and Hours their ruling Signs obey, / The Month's the influence which they give convey / And temper all things by their fatal Ray.
翻译点开
The Years, Months, Days, and Hours of Signs
[星座的年、月、日、时]
The proper Years, Months, Hours, and Days of Signs: / These must be shewn; for Signs have Days & Hours, / And Months, and Years when they exert their Powers.
星座所属的年、月、时与日:这些必须说明,因为星座有它们的日与时,也有它们施展力量的月与年。
First then, that Sign in which the Sun appears, / Because the Sun measures out the time in Years, / Claims the first Year: On following Signs bestow / The following Years as they in Order go.
首先,太阳所在的那个星座认领第一年,因为太阳以年来度量时间:把后随的年按次序依次给后随的星座。
And so the Moon, for as she rounds the Skies, / She measures Months, to Signs the Months applies.
月亮也是如此,因为她绕天一周,量出的是月,就把月份分配给星座。
Of Days and Hours the Horoscope possest / Of the first parts, to following Signs commits the rest.
上升点占有日与时的第一份,把其余的交给后随的星座。
This Nature orders, all her Months and Years, / And Days, and Hours, she parcels out to Stars; / That as they run their Course they all may find / The different Signs, and vary in their kind.
自然这样安排,把她所有的月与年、日与时一份份分给星座;好让它们运行时都会遇到不同的星座,在性质上各有变化。
This Nature orders too; and hence there springs / That various Discord that is seen in Things; / In one continued Stream no Fortune flows, / Joy mixes Grief, and Pleasures urg'd by Woes: / Inconstancy in every part appears, / Which Wisdom never trusts, but Folly fears.
自然这样安排,也是为此:由此产生万物中可见的种种不和;没有一种命运连续不断地流淌,欢乐夹杂悲伤,快乐被祸患催逼:每一部分都显出无常,智者从不信赖它,愚人却害怕它。
Thus Years from Years, and as they roul the round / The Months from Months, and Days from Days are found / To differ: no returning Hours restore / That sort of Fortune which they brought before: / Because the Times, as round their Course they run, / Meet different Signs, and are not bound to One;
所以年与年,以及它们循环时月与月、日与日,都彼此不同:回来的时辰不会再带回它们从前带来的那种运气:因为时间绕着它们的路程运行时,遇到的是不同的星座,并不系于一个。
The Days and Hours their ruling Signs obey, / The Month's the influence which they give convey / And temper all things by their fatal Ray.
日与时服从它们的主宰星座,月份传达那些星座所给的影响,以命运的光线调和万物。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:第一年属太阳所在的星座,第一月属月亮所在的星座,第一日、第一时属上升星座,其后依次轮到后随的星座;所以运气年年月月不同。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 主宰星座 | ruling Signs | 主管某年月日时的星座 |
| 无常 | Inconstancy | 运气不能持续 |
| 上升点 | Horoscope | 此指上升星座 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十一项:星座所属的年、月、日、时(表一)。本命太阳所在的星座主第一年,下一年归后随的星座,依此类推;本命月亮所在的星座主第一个月,之后每月进一座;上升星座主第一日与第一时辰,之后每日、每时进一座。这样,任何一年、一月、一日、一时都有它的主宰星座。
| 时间单位 | 从哪里起算 | 理由 | 此后 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 年 | 本命太阳所在的星座 | 太阳以年度量时间 | 每年轮到下一个星座 |
| 月 | 本命月亮所在的星座 | 月亮绕天一周为一月 | 每月轮到下一个星座 |
| 日 | 上升星座 | 上升点主日与时 | 每日轮到下一个星座 |
| 时 | 上升星座 | 同上 | 每时轮到下一个星座 |
〔图〕时间分属不同的星座,所以运气起伏不定
诗人用这套轮转解释人生运气的起伏(图二):时间在星座间轮转,遇到不同性质的星座,所以「没有一种命运连续不断地流淌,欢乐夹杂悲伤」,回来的时辰也不会带回从前的运气。在诗人看来,人生的无常并非偶然,而是时间与星座有规律地轮转的结果,这正是「命运」可以推算的理由。
这是后世「推年」(profection,小限)一类技法的早期形态:希腊化时代的占星家让上升点或其他要点每年进一个星座,以那个星座及其主星为当年的「年主」。曼尼利乌斯这里用日、月、上升点三个起点分别管年、月、日时,是现存最早的记载之一。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 主宰星座 | ruling Signs | 主管某年月日时的星座 |
| 无常 | Inconstancy | 运气不能持续 |
| 上升点 | Horoscope | 此指上升星座 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十一项:星座所属的年、月、日、时(表一)。本命太阳所在的星座主第一年,下一年归后随的星座,依此类推;本命月亮所在的星座主第一个月,之后每月进一座;上升星座主第一日与第一时辰,之后每日、每时进一座。这样,任何一年、一月、一日、一时都有它的主宰星座。
| 时间单位 | 从哪里起算 | 理由 | 此后 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 年 | 本命太阳所在的星座 | 太阳以年度量时间 | 每年轮到下一个星座 |
| 月 | 本命月亮所在的星座 | 月亮绕天一周为一月 | 每月轮到下一个星座 |
| 日 | 上升星座 | 上升点主日与时 | 每日轮到下一个星座 |
| 时 | 上升星座 | 同上 | 每时轮到下一个星座 |
诗人用这套轮转解释人生运气的起伏(图二):时间在星座间轮转,遇到不同性质的星座,所以「没有一种命运连续不断地流淌,欢乐夹杂悲伤」,回来的时辰也不会带回从前的运气。在诗人看来,人生的无常并非偶然,而是时间与星座有规律地轮转的结果,这正是「命运」可以推算的理由。
这是后世「推年」(profection,小限)一类技法的早期形态:希腊化时代的占星家让上升点或其他要点每年进一个星座,以那个星座及其主星为当年的「年主」。曼尼利乌斯这里用日、月、上升点三个起点分别管年、月、日时,是现存最早的记载之一。
Some Astrologers Opinion. concerning the Years, Months and Days of Signs
Some Author's Write, (for who can hope to see / Opinions join, or find the World agree?)
That from the Horoscope our Art defines / The Days, the Hours, the Years, and Months of Signs; / From that alone let the Account begin, / And all the rest will orderly fall in: / And whilst the others, as before 'twas shown, / Three Heads of reckoning ask, the Moon, the Sun, / And Horoscope, these still demand but One:
Yet still as great, their difference must appear, / Month disagrees with Month, and Year with Year, / And Hours and Days: For with uneven pace, / Tho' starting all together, they run the Race, / And never make Returns in equal space: / Twice to the Signs each Hour the Days restore / Twice every Month, brings round the Days, and more:
Once every Year the Months to Signs are born, / And when Twelve Years are run, the Years return.
Refuted
'Tis hard to think, and Nature's Laws reject / One single Time, so differing in effect: / That when one Sign for Years and Months appears, / Bad Fate should clog the Months, Good Crown the Years: / Or that the Sign which thro' the Months conveys / Bright Fortune, should with Black infest the Days:
Or that the Star, which with afflicting Power, / The Day oppresseth, should exalt the Hour.
Vain therefore their attempt, who fondly hope, / The Times to reckon from the Horoscope, / And think because with an unequal Date, / They come to Signs, that these Returns create / Their different, odd varieties of Fate.
Absurd Opinion! which with fruitless pain, / They strive to prop with mighty Names in vain, / It sinks, and falls with its own stupid weight again. / This sung, and Times to Signs apply'd, the Muse
翻译点开
Some Astrologers Opinion. concerning the Years, Months and Days of Signs
[某些星占家关于星座的年、月、日的意见]
Some Author's Write, (for who can hope to see / Opinions join, or find the World agree?)
有些作者写道(因为谁能指望看到意见一致,或找到世人都同意的事?)
That from the Horoscope our Art defines / The Days, the Hours, the Years, and Months of Signs; / From that alone let the Account begin, / And all the rest will orderly fall in: / And whilst the others, as before 'twas shown, / Three Heads of reckoning ask, the Moon, the Sun, / And Horoscope, these still demand but One:
我们的技艺只从上升点定出星座的日、时、年与月;只从那一点开始计算,其余一切就都依次就位:别人如前面所说,要三个计算的起头,即月亮、太阳与上升点,这些人却只要一个:
Yet still as great, their difference must appear, / Month disagrees with Month, and Year with Year, / And Hours and Days: For with uneven pace, / Tho' starting all together, they run the Race, / And never make Returns in equal space: / Twice to the Signs each Hour the Days restore / Twice every Month, brings round the Days, and more:
然而它们的差异必定同样大:月与月不合,年与年不合,时与日也不合:因为它们步伐不均,虽然同时起跑,却在不等的间隔里回来:每天两次把时辰带回各个星座,每个月两次多把日子转回来:
Once every Year the Months to Signs are born, / And when Twelve Years are run, the Years return.
每年一次把月份交给各个星座,十二年过去,年才回来。
Refuted
[驳之]
'Tis hard to think, and Nature's Laws reject / One single Time, so differing in effect: / That when one Sign for Years and Months appears, / Bad Fate should clog the Months, Good Crown the Years: / Or that the Sign which thro' the Months conveys / Bright Fortune, should with Black infest the Days:
很难想象,自然的法则也排斥这种想法:单单一个时间点,效果却如此不同:同一个星座既主年又主月时,坏的命运会拖累那些月,好的命运却为那些年加冕;或者,那个在各月里传送光明运气的星座,竟会以黑暗的运气侵扰那些日子:
Or that the Star, which with afflicting Power, / The Day oppresseth, should exalt the Hour.
或者那颗以折磨人的力量压迫那一天的星,却会提升那一时辰。
Vain therefore their attempt, who fondly hope, / The Times to reckon from the Horoscope, / And think because with an unequal Date, / They come to Signs, that these Returns create / Their different, odd varieties of Fate.
所以那些人的尝试是徒劳的,他们痴心妄想从上升点计算时间,以为时间以不等的周期来到星座,这些回归就造成命运种种奇特的变化。
Absurd Opinion! which with fruitless pain, / They strive to prop with mighty Names in vain, / It sinks, and falls with its own stupid weight again. / This sung, and Times to Signs apply'd, the Muse
荒谬的意见!他们白费力气,想用伟大的名字支撑它,也是徒然;它在自身愚蠢的重量下又沉落倒塌了。这些唱完,时间也配给了星座,缪斯
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:另一派只从上升点起算年月日时,靠周期长短不同来造成变化;诗人驳之:同一起点、同一星座,不该既主好年又主坏月。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 起头 | Heads of reckoning | 计算的起点 |
| 回归 | Returns | 时间轮回到同一星座 |
| 伟大的名字 | mighty Names | 指权威作者 |
🧭 图解与讲解
有一派作者主张年、月、日、时都从上升星座起算(图一)。他们承认这样一来四者起点相同,但周期长短不同:时辰每天两次轮遍十二座,日子每月两次多,月份每年一次,年份十二年一次(表二),于是很快就错开,同一时刻的年、月、日、时落在不同的星座上,照样造成运气的变化。
〔图〕起算点之争:三个起点,还是一个起点
| 单位 | 轮完十二座需要 | 回到起点的频率 |
|---|---|---|
| 时 | 十二小时 | 每天两次 |
| 日 | 十二天 | 每月两次多 |
| 月 | 十二个月 | 每年一次 |
| 年 | 十二年 | 十二年一次 |
诗人的驳斥是:既然出发点是同一个时点、同一个星座,就不该产生相反的效果,比如同一个星座主年时吉、主月时凶,或主日时压迫、主时时提升。他斥之为「荒谬的意见」,说它「想用伟大的名字支撑」也是徒然,可见这一派背后有某些权威作者。
在后世的推年法中,从上升点起算是最常见的做法;曼尼利乌斯所支持的「年从太阳、月从月亮」反而少见。这说明古代时间推算技法的流派很多,诗人只是记录了他所赞同的一种,并对另一派大加驳斥;两派都把年、月、日、时配给星座,分歧只在起算点。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 起头 | Heads of reckoning | 计算的起点 |
| 回归 | Returns | 时间轮回到同一星座 |
| 伟大的名字 | mighty Names | 指权威作者 |
🧭 图解与讲解
有一派作者主张年、月、日、时都从上升星座起算(图一)。他们承认这样一来四者起点相同,但周期长短不同:时辰每天两次轮遍十二座,日子每月两次多,月份每年一次,年份十二年一次(表二),于是很快就错开,同一时刻的年、月、日、时落在不同的星座上,照样造成运气的变化。
| 单位 | 轮完十二座需要 | 回到起点的频率 |
|---|---|---|
| 时 | 十二小时 | 每天两次 |
| 日 | 十二天 | 每月两次多 |
| 月 | 十二个月 | 每年一次 |
| 年 | 十二年 | 十二年一次 |
诗人的驳斥是:既然出发点是同一个时点、同一个星座,就不该产生相反的效果,比如同一个星座主年时吉、主月时凶,或主日时压迫、主时时提升。他斥之为「荒谬的意见」,说它「想用伟大的名字支撑」也是徒然,可见这一派背后有某些权威作者。
在后世的推年法中,从上升点起算是最常见的做法;曼尼利乌斯所支持的「年从太阳、月从月亮」反而少见。这说明古代时间推算技法的流派很多,诗人只是记录了他所赞同的一种,并对另一派大加驳斥;两派都把年、月、日、时配给星座,分歧只在起算点。
How many Years belong to each Sign and Station
Would beg release, and further Task refuse; / But lo the Subject grows: The next must show / What length of Times the several Signs bestow: / This must be known when in your search for Fate / You measure Life, and fix the gloomy Date.
Ten Years and One, but one third part withdrawn, / The Ram extends the wretched Life of Man; / Poorly he gives, as frugal of his Store, / Whilst Taurus adds two Years to these; the Twins two more.
Full sixteen Years Eight Months, from Cancer flow, / But two Years more the Lion's rays bestow.
From Virgo twenty Years, eight Months convey'd, / Enlarge the Birth: The Scales give equal to the Maid: / Scorpio's as much as Leo's Rays dispense, / The Centaur equals Cancer's influence: / Of Years, twice seven, eight Months the Goat conveys; / Though young Aquarius shines with feebler rays, / Four Years he trebles, and doubles six score Days.
To the same space, with which the Ram began, / The Fish plac't, next extend the Age of Man.
But farther yet, 'tis not enough to know / The length of time which single signs bestow; / For you may Err, when in your search for Fate, / You measure Life, and fix the gloomy Date; / Because the Heavenly Stations claim their share, / As Planets intermix their Force declare, / In this Contrivance, and make Life their Care.
To single stations now what Years belong, / (With Planets join'd, they claim another Song) / In well wrought Numbers let the Muse impart, / And teach the simplest Elements of Art; / This done, these things prepar'd and sitly join'd, / With greater Ease, she'll raise the Work design'd.
翻译点开
How many Years belong to each Sign and Station
[每个星座与每个位置所属的年数]
Would beg release, and further Task refuse; / But lo the Subject grows: The next must show / What length of Times the several Signs bestow: / This must be known when in your search for Fate / You measure Life, and fix the gloomy Date.
想求解脱,推辞更多的任务;可是看哪,题目还在增长:接下来必须说明,各个星座给予多长的时间:当你探求命运、度量寿命、定下那阴郁的期限时,必须知道这一点。
Ten Years and One, but one third part withdrawn, / The Ram extends the wretched Life of Man; / Poorly he gives, as frugal of his Store, / Whilst Taurus adds two Years to these; the Twins two more.
十年又一年,但去掉三分之一,白羊这样延长人可怜的生命;他给得很吝啬,仿佛在节省他的储藏,金牛在这些上加两年;双子再加两年。
Full sixteen Years Eight Months, from Cancer flow, / But two Years more the Lion's rays bestow.
足足十六年零八个月从巨蟹流出,狮子的光线再多给两年。
From Virgo twenty Years, eight Months convey'd, / Enlarge the Birth: The Scales give equal to the Maid: / Scorpio's as much as Leo's Rays dispense, / The Centaur equals Cancer's influence: / Of Years, twice seven, eight Months the Goat conveys; / Though young Aquarius shines with feebler rays, / Four Years he trebles, and doubles six score Days.
处女传下的二十年零八个月延长所生之人的寿命:天秤给的与处女相等:天蝎给的与狮子的光线所给的一样多,人马与巨蟹的影响相等:摩羯给两个七年加八个月;年轻的水瓶虽以较弱的光线照耀,却把四年变成三倍,把一百二十天加倍。
To the same space, with which the Ram began, / The Fish plac't, next extend the Age of Man.
双鱼放在最后,把人的寿命延长到白羊起初的那个长度。
But farther yet, 'tis not enough to know / The length of time which single signs bestow; / For you may Err, when in your search for Fate, / You measure Life, and fix the gloomy Date; / Because the Heavenly Stations claim their share, / As Planets intermix their Force declare, / In this Contrivance, and make Life their Care.
但还不止于此,只知道单个星座给予的时间长度还不够;因为当你探求命运、度量寿命、定下那阴郁的期限时,你可能出错;因为天上的位置也要求它们的份额,正如行星掺入它们的力量所表明的,它们参与这个安排,以生命为关怀。
To single stations now what Years belong, / (With Planets join'd, they claim another Song) / In well wrought Numbers let the Muse impart, / And teach the simplest Elements of Art; / This done, these things prepar'd and sitly join'd, / With greater Ease, she'll raise the Work design'd.
现在让缪斯用精心构成的诗句传授单个位置所属的年数——与行星合在一起,它们需要另一首歌——教授这门技艺最单纯的基本原理;这做完了,这些东西准备好、恰当地结合起来之后,她就能更容易地建起所设计的作品。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:白羊给十年八个月,此后每座加两年,到处女、天秤二十年八个月,再每座减两年,双鱼回到十年八个月;位置也给年数。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 寿数 | length of Life | 一生的年数 |
| 期限 | Date | 死期 |
| 人马 | Centaur | 射手座 |
| 位置 | Stations | 天上的十二宫 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十二项:寿数。先讲每个星座给予的年数(表一):白羊「十年又一年,去掉三分之一」,即十年零八个月;此后每座加两年,到处女二十年零八个月;天秤与处女相等,此后每座减两年,双鱼回到十年零八个月。诗人特意用「两个七年加八个月」「四年的三倍、一百二十天的两倍」这类绕弯的说法来入诗。
| 星座 | 诗中说法 | 年数 |
|---|---|---|
| 白羊 | 十年又一年,去掉三分之一 | 10 年 8 个月 |
| 金牛 | 再加两年 | 12 年 8 个月 |
| 双子 | 再加两年 | 14 年 8 个月 |
| 巨蟹 | 足足十六年零八个月 | 16 年 8 个月 |
| 狮子 | 再多两年 | 18 年 8 个月 |
| 处女 | 二十年零八个月 | 20 年 8 个月 |
| 天秤 | 与处女相等 | 20 年 8 个月 |
| 天蝎 | 与狮子一样 | 18 年 8 个月 |
| 射手 | 与巨蟹相等 | 16 年 8 个月 |
| 摩羯 | 两个七年加八个月 | 14 年 8 个月 |
| 水瓶 | 四年的三倍,一百二十天的两倍 | 12 年 8 个月 |
| 双鱼 | 与白羊相同 | 10 年 8 个月 |
〔图〕星座给予的年数:与升起时间同一规律,处女、天秤最多
这组数字与上一页各座升起的斯塔迪昂同步增减:白羊升起四十斯塔迪昂、给十年八个月;每座多八斯塔迪昂,就多两年,即年数等于斯塔迪昂数的四分之一再加八个月。换句话说,星座升起得越慢,给的年数越多(图二)。这是「上升时间换算年数」的古法,后世以主限推运「一度合一年」,也是把天球转过的时间折成人生的年数。
诗人接着提醒:只看星座还不够,「天上的位置也要求它们的份额」,即星座落在哪一宫也影响寿数;行星的作用则「需要另一首歌」,留待以后。下一单元讲各个位置所给的年数。诗人的设想是:星座的年数、位置的年数、行星的作用三者合参,才能定出寿数,但现存诗中只讲了前两项。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 寿数 | length of Life | 一生的年数 |
| 期限 | Date | 死期 |
| 人马 | Centaur | 射手座 |
| 位置 | Stations | 天上的十二宫 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十二项:寿数。先讲每个星座给予的年数(表一):白羊「十年又一年,去掉三分之一」,即十年零八个月;此后每座加两年,到处女二十年零八个月;天秤与处女相等,此后每座减两年,双鱼回到十年零八个月。诗人特意用「两个七年加八个月」「四年的三倍、一百二十天的两倍」这类绕弯的说法来入诗。
| 星座 | 诗中说法 | 年数 |
|---|---|---|
| 白羊 | 十年又一年,去掉三分之一 | 10 年 8 个月 |
| 金牛 | 再加两年 | 12 年 8 个月 |
| 双子 | 再加两年 | 14 年 8 个月 |
| 巨蟹 | 足足十六年零八个月 | 16 年 8 个月 |
| 狮子 | 再多两年 | 18 年 8 个月 |
| 处女 | 二十年零八个月 | 20 年 8 个月 |
| 天秤 | 与处女相等 | 20 年 8 个月 |
| 天蝎 | 与狮子一样 | 18 年 8 个月 |
| 射手 | 与巨蟹相等 | 16 年 8 个月 |
| 摩羯 | 两个七年加八个月 | 14 年 8 个月 |
| 水瓶 | 四年的三倍,一百二十天的两倍 | 12 年 8 个月 |
| 双鱼 | 与白羊相同 | 10 年 8 个月 |
这组数字与上一页各座升起的斯塔迪昂同步增减:白羊升起四十斯塔迪昂、给十年八个月;每座多八斯塔迪昂,就多两年,即年数等于斯塔迪昂数的四分之一再加八个月。换句话说,星座升起得越慢,给的年数越多(图二)。这是「上升时间换算年数」的古法,后世以主限推运「一度合一年」,也是把天球转过的时间折成人生的年数。
诗人接着提醒:只看星座还不够,「天上的位置也要求它们的份额」,即星座落在哪一宫也影响寿数;行星的作用则「需要另一首歌」,留待以后。下一单元讲各个位置所给的年数。诗人的设想是:星座的年数、位置的年数、行星的作用三者合参,才能定出寿数,但现存诗中只讲了前两项。
If when the Moon is in the Hinge at East, / The Birth breaks forward from its native rest; / Full Eighty Years, if you two Years abate, / This Station gives, and long defers it Fate: / But if in Heav'ns midst point, this large Decree / She shortens, giving fewer Years by three:
With Eighty Courses in the Zodiack Round, / Substracting Four, the Western Hinge is Crown'd.
The lowest Hinge on all its Births, derives / Years sixty two, and then concludes their Lives.
Vid. Fig. 9
The ninth, which makes upon the Right the Trine, / Gives sixty Years, and bates but One of Nine.
The Fifth o' th' Left, as frugal of its store, / Gives sixty three, and can enlarge no more; / Th' Eleventh station, that which rises high, / Almost an equal of the Middle Skie, / Yields six score Springs, and lest that Gift should be / Too scanty, lengthens that vast Summ by Three.
The Third which lies at equal space below / The Eastern point, doth fifty Years bestow, / Mean is the station, and its Gift is so.
The second Forty Courses of the Sun, / And two bestows, and when that term is done, / The Man goes off, e're half his race be run.
The Twelfth gives twenty three, then hasty Death, / Comes on, and in his Bloom, the Youth resigns his Breath.
The Eighth next o're the Western Hinge can bring / But fourteen Years, nor adds another Spring.
The sixth but Twelve bestows, then Death destroys / The Parents Hopes, and crops the growing Boys; / Diseases following, from their Birth create / A feeble Frame, and fit the Prey for Fate.
翻译点开
If when the Moon is in the Hinge at East, / The Birth breaks forward from its native rest; / Full Eighty Years, if you two Years abate, / This Station gives, and long defers it Fate: / But if in Heav'ns midst point, this large Decree / She shortens, giving fewer Years by three:
如果月亮在东方的门轴上时,所生之人从他生来的安息中奋身而出;这个位置给足足八十年,若减去两年,把死期推得很远:但如果她在天的正中点,这份丰厚的给予就缩短,少给三年:
With Eighty Courses in the Zodiack Round, / Substracting Four, the Western Hinge is Crown'd.
西方的门轴被八十个黄道之圈加冕,要减去四。
The lowest Hinge on all its Births, derives / Years sixty two, and then concludes their Lives.
最低的门轴给它所生的一切人六十二年,然后结束他们的生命。
Vid. Fig. 9
[见原书图九]
The ninth, which makes upon the Right the Trine, / Gives sixty Years, and bates but One of Nine.
第九位,在右方构成三分的那个,给六十年,再加九年只扣一年。
The Fifth o' th' Left, as frugal of its store, / Gives sixty three, and can enlarge no more; / Th' Eleventh station, that which rises high, / Almost an equal of the Middle Skie, / Yields six score Springs, and lest that Gift should be / Too scanty, lengthens that vast Summ by Three.
左方的第五位,仿佛节省它的储藏,给六十三年,不能再多;第十一位,那个升得很高、几乎与天的正中相等的位置,给一百二十个春天,又唯恐这份礼物太少,把这个巨大的总数再延长三年。
The Third which lies at equal space below / The Eastern point, doth fifty Years bestow, / Mean is the station, and its Gift is so.
第三位,在东方之点下方相等距离处,给五十年:位置平庸,它的礼物也是如此。
The second Forty Courses of the Sun, / And two bestows, and when that term is done, / The Man goes off, e're half his race be run.
第二位给四十个太阳的行程又加两年,那期限一到,人就离去,还没跑完他的半程。
The Twelfth gives twenty three, then hasty Death, / Comes on, and in his Bloom, the Youth resigns his Breath.
第十二位给二十三年,然后匆忙的死亡来临,青年在花季交出他的气息。
The Eighth next o're the Western Hinge can bring / But fourteen Years, nor adds another Spring.
西方门轴之上的第八位只能带来十四年,不再多加一个春天。
The sixth but Twelve bestows, then Death destroys / The Parents Hopes, and crops the growing Boys; / Diseases following, from their Birth create / A feeble Frame, and fit the Prey for Fate.
第六位只给十二年,然后死亡毁灭父母的希望,摘去成长中的男孩;疾病随之而来,从出生起就造成虚弱的体质,使他们成为命运的猎物。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:月亮所在的位置定寿数:上升七十八年,中天七十五,下降七十六,天底六十二;第十一位最多,一百二十三年;第六位最少,十二年。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 门轴 | Hinge | 四角 |
| 右方 | Right | 在上升点之前的方向 |
| 黄道之圈 | Courses in the Zodiack | 太阳绕行一周,即一年 |
| 花季 | Bloom | 青春年华 |
🧭 图解与讲解
再讲位置(宫位)给予的年数,依据是出生时月亮所在的位置(图一)。四个门轴给的年数都长:上升七十八年,中天七十五年,下降七十六年,天底六十二年。与门轴相邻的位置里,第十一位「几乎与天的正中相等」,给一百二十三年,全表最多;第九位六十八年(诗句「六十年,再加九年只扣一年」,按字面读作六十八),第五位六十三年,第三位五十年,第二位四十二年。
〔图〕月亮在各位时给予的年数:吉位多,凶位少
| 位置 | 诗中说法 | 年数 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一位(上升) | 八十年减两年 | 78 |
| 第十位(中天) | 再少三年 | 75 |
| 第七位(下降) | 八十减四 | 76 |
| 第四位(天底) | 六十二年 | 62 |
| 第九位 | 六十年,再加九年只扣一年 | 68 |
| 第五位 | 六十三年 | 63 |
| 第十一位 | 一百二十年再加三 | 123 |
| 第三位 | 五十年 | 50 |
| 第二位 | 四十年又加两年 | 42 |
| 第十二位 | 二十三年 | 23 |
| 第八位 | 十四年 | 14 |
| 第六位 | 十二年 | 12 |
最少的是卷二(五)所说的几个凶位:第十二位二十三年,「青年在花季交出他的气息」;第八位十四年;第六位只有十二年,「摘去成长中的男孩」。这正好对上卷二对宫位的评价:第十一位是「幸运」,第六、第十二位是「不幸的座位」,第八位是「堤丰之座」(表二)。
把寿数与月亮的位置连在一起,是古代「给寿」理论的一种。托勒密《四书》卷三第十章用「释放星」与「杀星」推算寿数,后世又有「给寿星」,按行星的大年、中年、小年给寿。曼尼利乌斯的这份按宫位给年的表自成一家,后世未见沿用。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 门轴 | Hinge | 四角 |
| 右方 | Right | 在上升点之前的方向 |
| 黄道之圈 | Courses in the Zodiack | 太阳绕行一周,即一年 |
| 花季 | Bloom | 青春年华 |
🧭 图解与讲解
再讲位置(宫位)给予的年数,依据是出生时月亮所在的位置(图一)。四个门轴给的年数都长:上升七十八年,中天七十五年,下降七十六年,天底六十二年。与门轴相邻的位置里,第十一位「几乎与天的正中相等」,给一百二十三年,全表最多;第九位六十八年(诗句「六十年,再加九年只扣一年」,按字面读作六十八),第五位六十三年,第三位五十年,第二位四十二年。
| 位置 | 诗中说法 | 年数 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一位(上升) | 八十年减两年 | 78 |
| 第十位(中天) | 再少三年 | 75 |
| 第七位(下降) | 八十减四 | 76 |
| 第四位(天底) | 六十二年 | 62 |
| 第九位 | 六十年,再加九年只扣一年 | 68 |
| 第五位 | 六十三年 | 63 |
| 第十一位 | 一百二十年再加三 | 123 |
| 第三位 | 五十年 | 50 |
| 第二位 | 四十年又加两年 | 42 |
| 第十二位 | 二十三年 | 23 |
| 第八位 | 十四年 | 14 |
| 第六位 | 十二年 | 12 |
最少的是卷二(五)所说的几个凶位:第十二位二十三年,「青年在花季交出他的气息」;第八位十四年;第六位只有十二年,「摘去成长中的男孩」。这正好对上卷二对宫位的评价:第十一位是「幸运」,第六、第十二位是「不幸的座位」,第八位是「堤丰之座」(表二)。
把寿数与月亮的位置连在一起,是古代「给寿」理论的一种。托勒密《四书》卷三第十章用「释放星」与「杀星」推算寿数,后世又有「给寿星」,按行星的大年、中年、小年给寿。曼尼利乌斯的这份按宫位给年的表自成一家,后世未见沿用。
Now nicely view the Tropick Signs that lie / Oppos'd in the four Quarters of the Skie;
The Tropick Signs
Call'd Tropick Signs, because when these appear, / The World then Turns the Seasons of the Year: / Thus Spring in Cancer, in Autumnal Scales / The Summer turns, in Caper Autumn sails; / Thence shivering Winter creeps congeal'd with Frost, / Yet melts again; and in the Ram is lost:
These loose the Seasons, to their full Career, / And make the Course of the Revolving Year; / And these being Hingers of the World, create / New Powers in Stars; and fix new Rules for Fate.
Cancer
In Heavens high Arch, and on the utmost Line / Of Summers progross, Cancer seats his Sign: / There stretches out the greatest length of Day, / And then declines, and makes it soon decay; / But all the time which, as he bears the Light / He takes from Day, He still conveys to Night.
Then Corn grows yellow on the fruitful Soil, / And lusty Reapers bare their Limbs for toil: / Then Seas grow warm, the Floods forbear to roar, / And Billows languish on the quiet Shore.
Then Mars goes forth, nor is the Scythian Coast / From Roman Arms defended by her Frost: / And whilst their Pools and Marshy Grounds are dry, / Fearing our Force, the conquer'd Germans fly: / Then Nile o'reflows, and Egypt's fruitful Plain, / Rich Harvests yields, nor needs the aid of Rain.
Thus lies the World, when with exalted Ray, / I'th' Summer Solstice Phoebus bears the Day / Thro' Cancer's Sign, and drives the highest Way. / Oppos'd the Goat in narrowest rounds of Light,
Capricorn
Wheels Winter on, but long extends the Night; / Yet soon Ascending, He contracts the Shade, / To Day returning all the waste he made; / The Fields unwrought, then lie, unplough'd the Seas, / And Mars in Quarters, lies consign'd to Ease: / Rocks cleave with Frost; and by the Cold, opprest, / All Nature's Powers, are stiffned into Rest.

翻译点开
Now nicely view the Tropick Signs that lie / Oppos'd in the four Quarters of the Skie;
现在仔细观察那些回归星座,它们相对地位于天的四个象限;
The Tropick Signs
[回归星座]
Call'd Tropick Signs, because when these appear, / The World then Turns the Seasons of the Year: / Thus Spring in Cancer, in Autumnal Scales / The Summer turns, in Caper Autumn sails; / Thence shivering Winter creeps congeal'd with Frost, / Yet melts again; and in the Ram is lost:
它们被称为回归星座,因为当它们出现时,世界就转换一年的季节:春天在巨蟹里转换,夏天在秋天的天秤里转换,秋天驶入摩羯;从那里,颤抖的冬天裹着霜冻蹑步而来,却又融化,消失在白羊里:
These loose the Seasons, to their full Career, / And make the Course of the Revolving Year; / And these being Hingers of the World, create / New Powers in Stars; and fix new Rules for Fate.
这些星座放开各个季节,任它们全速奔驰,造成循环之年的行程;它们是世界的门轴,在星辰里造出新的力量,为命运定下新的规则。
Cancer
[巨蟹]
In Heavens high Arch, and on the utmost Line / Of Summers progross, Cancer seats his Sign: / There stretches out the greatest length of Day, / And then declines, and makes it soon decay; / But all the time which, as he bears the Light / He takes from Day, He still conveys to Night.
在天的高拱上、在夏天行程的最远之线上,巨蟹安下他的星座:在那里铺展出最长的白昼,然后转而下降,使它很快衰减;但他承载光明时从白昼取走的全部时间,都转给黑夜。
Then Corn grows yellow on the fruitful Soil, / And lusty Reapers bare their Limbs for toil: / Then Seas grow warm, the Floods forbear to roar, / And Billows languish on the quiet Shore.
那时谷物在肥沃的土地上变黄,健壮的收割者袒露肢体去劳作:那时海水变暖,洪流不再咆哮,波浪在平静的岸边慵懒无力。
Then Mars goes forth, nor is the Scythian Coast / From Roman Arms defended by her Frost: / And whilst their Pools and Marshy Grounds are dry, / Fearing our Force, the conquer'd Germans fly: / Then Nile o'reflows, and Egypt's fruitful Plain, / Rich Harvests yields, nor needs the aid of Rain.
那时马尔斯出征,斯基泰的海岸也不能靠它的冰霜抵挡罗马的兵锋:当他们的池沼与沼泽干涸时,被征服的日耳曼人惧怕我们的力量而逃走:那时尼罗河泛滥,埃及肥沃的平原出产丰富的收成,不需雨水相助。
Thus lies the World, when with exalted Ray, / I'th' Summer Solstice Phoebus bears the Day / Thro' Cancer's Sign, and drives the highest Way. / Oppos'd the Goat in narrowest rounds of Light,
当福玻斯在夏至时以高举的光线经过巨蟹的星座承载白昼、驱车走在最高的路上时,世界就是这样。相对的摩羯在光照最窄的圈子里,
Capricorn
[摩羯]
Wheels Winter on, but long extends the Night; / Yet soon Ascending, He contracts the Shade, / To Day returning all the waste he made; / The Fields unwrought, then lie, unplough'd the Seas, / And Mars in Quarters, lies consign'd to Ease: / Rocks cleave with Frost; and by the Cold, opprest, / All Nature's Powers, are stiffned into Rest.
驱动冬天前行,却把黑夜延得很长;但他很快上升,缩短阴影,把他所耗去的一切还给白昼;那时田野未经耕作,大海无人犁过,马尔斯在营房里,被交付给安逸;岩石因霜冻而开裂;被寒冷压迫,自然的一切力量都僵硬成静止。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:巨蟹、天秤、摩羯、白羊转换四季,称回归星座,是世界的门轴。巨蟹夏至:麦黄、出征、尼罗河泛滥;摩羯冬至:休耕、罢兵、冰封。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 回归星座 | Tropick Signs | 季节在此转换的星座 |
| 斯基泰 | Scythian | 北方草原民族 |
| 马尔斯 | Mars | 战神,此指战事 |
| 夏至 | Summer Solstice | 昼最长之日 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十三项,也是卷三的结尾:回归星座(tropical signs)。巨蟹、天秤、摩羯、白羊四座「转换一年的季节」,太阳进入它们时,就是夏至、秋分、冬至、春分(图一)。诗人称它们为「世界的门轴」,与卷二(五)所说天上四个门轴同一比喻:它们在黄道上分居四方,彼此成四分与对冲,季节在这里转换,命运也在这里转换。
〔图〕四个回归星座:季节在此转换,是世界的门轴
| 回归星座 | 季节的转换 | 诗中所写的世事 |
|---|---|---|
| 巨蟹(夏至) | 春天在此终结;白昼最长,此后渐短 | 麦黄收割;海暖波平;罗马出征斯基泰、日耳曼;尼罗河泛滥 |
| 摩羯(冬至) | 秋天驶入此处;黑夜最长,此后渐短 | 田野休耕、大海无船;战神入营;岩石冻裂,万物僵止 |
诗中先写巨蟹与摩羯这一对至点星座(表二)。巨蟹在「夏天行程的最远之线」,即北回归线,白昼最长,此后渐短:麦子变黄,收割者袒臂劳作;也是罗马出兵的季节,北方斯基泰、日耳曼的沼泽干涸,难以据守;尼罗河在这时泛滥,埃及「不需雨水」就有丰收。
摩羯与巨蟹相对,在「光照最窄的圈子」里,即南回归线,黑夜最长,但太阳「很快上升」,把耗去的白昼还回来。冬天田野休耕、海上停航、军队入营,岩石冻裂,「自然的一切力量都僵硬成静止」。这种按季节写世事的笔法,与托勒密《四书》卷二论季节与天气相近。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 回归星座 | Tropick Signs | 季节在此转换的星座 |
| 斯基泰 | Scythian | 北方草原民族 |
| 马尔斯 | Mars | 战神,此指战事 |
| 夏至 | Summer Solstice | 昼最长之日 |
🧭 图解与讲解
提要第十三项,也是卷三的结尾:回归星座(tropical signs)。巨蟹、天秤、摩羯、白羊四座「转换一年的季节」,太阳进入它们时,就是夏至、秋分、冬至、春分(图一)。诗人称它们为「世界的门轴」,与卷二(五)所说天上四个门轴同一比喻:它们在黄道上分居四方,彼此成四分与对冲,季节在这里转换,命运也在这里转换。
| 回归星座 | 季节的转换 | 诗中所写的世事 |
|---|---|---|
| 巨蟹(夏至) | 春天在此终结;白昼最长,此后渐短 | 麦黄收割;海暖波平;罗马出征斯基泰、日耳曼;尼罗河泛滥 |
| 摩羯(冬至) | 秋天驶入此处;黑夜最长,此后渐短 | 田野休耕、大海无船;战神入营;岩石冻裂,万物僵止 |
诗中先写巨蟹与摩羯这一对至点星座(表二)。巨蟹在「夏天行程的最远之线」,即北回归线,白昼最长,此后渐短:麦子变黄,收割者袒臂劳作;也是罗马出兵的季节,北方斯基泰、日耳曼的沼泽干涸,难以据守;尼罗河在这时泛滥,埃及「不需雨水」就有丰收。
摩羯与巨蟹相对,在「光照最窄的圈子」里,即南回归线,黑夜最长,但太阳「很快上升」,把耗去的白昼还回来。冬天田野休耕、海上停航、军队入营,岩石冻裂,「自然的一切力量都僵硬成静止」。这种按季节写世事的笔法,与托勒密《四书》卷二论季节与天气相近。
The next in Power are those two Signs that rise / With equal Revolutions of the Skies;
Aries
Which times of Day and Night adjust, and bring / The Autumn on, or else advance the Spring.
The Sun returning in his Yearly Race, / To Cancer's Sign meets Aries midst the Space, / Seated between the Point, from whence he bends / His upward Course, and that in which he ends.
There plac'd as Umpire in the midst oth' way, / Contracted Night, he well adjusts to Day.
And as thro' him the Sun goes on to climb / The Heavenly steep, He makes a change in time; / For Day, that shorten'd in the Winter Bend, / The Ram first lengthens; and the next extend, / 'Till rais'd in Cancer, to the utmost height / Of Summer's pitch, He wheels the longest Light.
Then Seas lie husht: Then Earth grows bold to bear, / And trusts young Flowers to the serener Air: / Then Beasts in Fields, and Birds in every Grove, / Press on with Fury to consummate Love.
With joyful Songs the vocal Forests Ring, / And various Leaves adorn the gawdy Spring: / With such brisk Powers are Nature's parts possest, / When wak'd, she rouses from her Winter's Rest.
Libra
Oppos'd to Aries, Libra's Stars appear / With the like power to sway the rouling Year, / She equals Day and Night: But soon the Scale / O'repois'd by Darkness, lets the Night prevail; / And Day, that lengthned in the Summer's height, / Shortens 'till Winter, and is lost in Night.
Then from the burthen'd Elms, the generous Vine / Descends, and Presses over-flow with Wine: / Then Wheat is sown, whilst Autumn's heats remain / To loose the Clods, and millifie the Grain.
These have their Powers, and as these Signs create / A turn in Seasons, so they doe in Fate: / From Tropick Signs (for by their name, we guess / Their turning Natures) who can hope for less?
But wide in their mistake, who think to see / These Powers spread equally in each Degree; / Not every Portion of the Tropick Signs
What Degrees in the Tropick Signs are to be considered
Turns Seasons, and the Planets force confines, / But one Day only, in the blooming Prime / Of Spring, in Autumn One adjusts the Time, / One Day in Aries doth to Time restore / Equality, and Libra boasts no more; / One Longest Day in Cancer's Sign is born, / One Night of equal length in Capricorn:
The other Days roul on with different Light, / Now gaining from, now losing time to Night.
Thus One Degree in Tropick Signs creates / A change in Heaven, and turns the Rules of Fates; / No fixt Decree's secure, their boundless sway, / Extends to all, and makes the Stars obey.
But which that is that governs, Fate's Decree, / There Authors differ, nor can Art agree; / For some the Eighth, and some the Tenth assign, / The First Degree—is only Thine, / Thine, but the Muse with scorn, forbears the Name; / Unworthy mention, and too mean for Fame.

翻译点开
The next in Power are those two Signs that rise / With equal Revolutions of the Skies;
力量其次的是那两个星座,它们随天的相等转动而升起;
Aries
[白羊]
Which times of Day and Night adjust, and bring / The Autumn on, or else advance the Spring.
它们调整昼与夜的时间,带来秋天,或推进春天。
The Sun returning in his Yearly Race, / To Cancer's Sign meets Aries midst the Space, / Seated between the Point, from whence he bends / His upward Course, and that in which he ends.
太阳在每年的路程中回到巨蟹时,在途中遇到白羊,白羊位于太阳开始向上弯转的那一点与太阳终止的那一点之间。
There plac'd as Umpire in the midst oth' way, / Contracted Night, he well adjusts to Day.
他像仲裁者一样被放在路的中间,把缩短了的黑夜好好地调整到与白昼相等。
And as thro' him the Sun goes on to climb / The Heavenly steep, He makes a change in time; / For Day, that shorten'd in the Winter Bend, / The Ram first lengthens; and the next extend, / 'Till rais'd in Cancer, to the utmost height / Of Summer's pitch, He wheels the longest Light.
当太阳经过他继续攀登天上的陡坡时,他使时间发生变化;因为在冬天的弯道里缩短了的白昼,是白羊首先把它加长;接下来的星座继续延长,直到太阳升到巨蟹、到夏天的顶点,驱动最长的光明。
Then Seas lie husht: Then Earth grows bold to bear, / And trusts young Flowers to the serener Air: / Then Beasts in Fields, and Birds in every Grove, / Press on with Fury to consummate Love.
那时海洋静息:那时大地大胆地生养,把幼嫩的花朵托付给较为晴朗的空气:那时田野里的走兽、每片树林里的飞鸟,都狂热地急于完成爱情。
With joyful Songs the vocal Forests Ring, / And various Leaves adorn the gawdy Spring: / With such brisk Powers are Nature's parts possest, / When wak'd, she rouses from her Winter's Rest.
有声的森林响彻欢乐的歌声,各种叶子装点华丽的春天:当自然从冬天的安息中醒来振作时,她的各部分就被如此轻快的力量占有。
Libra
[天秤]
Oppos'd to Aries, Libra's Stars appear / With the like power to sway the rouling Year, / She equals Day and Night: But soon the Scale / O'repois'd by Darkness, lets the Night prevail; / And Day, that lengthned in the Summer's height, / Shortens 'till Winter, and is lost in Night.
与白羊相对,天秤的群星出现,以同样的力量支配流转的一年;她使昼夜相等:但秤很快被黑暗压得失去平衡,让黑夜占了上风;在夏天高处加长的白昼,一直缩短到冬天,消失在黑夜里。
Then from the burthen'd Elms, the generous Vine / Descends, and Presses over-flow with Wine: / Then Wheat is sown, whilst Autumn's heats remain / To loose the Clods, and millifie the Grain.
那时高贵的葡萄藤从负重的榆树上垂下,压榨机里流溢着酒:那时小麦播下,秋天的热还留着,来松开土块、使种子柔软。
These have their Powers, and as these Signs create / A turn in Seasons, so they doe in Fate: / From Tropick Signs (for by their name, we guess / Their turning Natures) who can hope for less?
这些星座都有它们的力量,正如这些星座在季节里造成转换,它们在命运里也造成转换:既然回归星座的名字让我们猜到它们转换的本性,谁能期望少于此呢?
But wide in their mistake, who think to see / These Powers spread equally in each Degree; / Not every Portion of the Tropick Signs
但那些人大错特错,他们以为这些力量平均地分布在每一度上;并非回归星座的每一部分
What Degrees in the Tropick Signs are to be considered
[回归星座中哪些度数需要考虑]
Turns Seasons, and the Planets force confines, / But one Day only, in the blooming Prime / Of Spring, in Autumn One adjusts the Time, / One Day in Aries doth to Time restore / Equality, and Libra boasts no more; / One Longest Day in Cancer's Sign is born, / One Night of equal length in Capricorn:
都能转换季节、约束行星的力量;在春天的盛期只有一天,在秋天也只有一天调整时间;白羊里只有一天使时间恢复平等,天秤也只能夸口这么多;最长的一个白昼生在巨蟹的星座里,同样长的一个黑夜在摩羯里:
The other Days roul on with different Light, / Now gaining from, now losing time to Night.
其余的日子以不同的光转动,时而从黑夜赢得时间,时而把时间输给黑夜。
Thus One Degree in Tropick Signs creates / A change in Heaven, and turns the Rules of Fates; / No fixt Decree's secure, their boundless sway, / Extends to all, and makes the Stars obey.
所以回归星座里只有一度在天上造成转换,扭转命运的规则;没有固定的天命能保平安,它们无边的统辖扩及一切,使群星服从。
But which that is that governs, Fate's Decree, / There Authors differ, nor can Art agree; / For some the Eighth, and some the Tenth assign, / The First Degree—is only Thine, / Thine, but the Muse with scorn, forbears the Name; / Unworthy mention, and too mean for Fame.
但主宰的那一度是哪一度——这是命运的判定——作者们说法不一,技艺也不能统一;有人定为第八度,有人定为第十度,第一度——只属于你,属于你,但缪斯轻蔑地不提那个名字;它不值一提,太卑微,不配有名声。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意:白羊、天秤使昼夜相等,主春之生长与秋之酿酒播种;回归星座的力量只在分至那一度,至于是第八度、第十度还是第一度,众说不一。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 仲裁者 | Umpire | 居中调停昼夜 |
| 榆树 | Elms | 古人以榆树支撑葡萄藤 |
| 度 | Degree | 星座的三十分之一 |
| 天命 | Fate | 命运的判定 |
🧭 图解与讲解
白羊与天秤是分点星座,「力量其次」(表一)。白羊位于太阳从冬至「开始向上弯转」到夏至「终止」的路程中间,像仲裁者把昼夜调平,此后白昼加长;春天海洋静息、花朵开放、鸟兽求偶。天秤与它相对,同样调平昼夜,但「秤很快被黑暗压得失去平衡」,此后黑夜占上风;秋天葡萄从榆树上垂下(古罗马人常让葡萄攀在榆树上),压榨机流出新酒,人们趁余热播种小麦。
| 回归星座 | 昼夜 | 诗中所写的世事 |
|---|---|---|
| 白羊(春分) | 昼夜相等,此后昼长 | 海静;花开;鸟兽求偶;林中歌声 |
| 天秤(秋分) | 昼夜相等,此后夜长 | 葡萄成熟、榨酒;趁余热播种小麦 |
| 说法 | 分至点在回归星座的哪一度 |
|---|---|
| 一派 | 第八度(参卷三(二):冬至在摩羯第八度) |
| 另一派 | 第十度 |
| 又一派 | 第一度(诗人「轻蔑地不提那个名字」) |
诗人随后提出一个精细的论点:回归星座的力量并不平均分布在整个星座里。一年里只有一天昼夜相等、只有一天白昼最长,所以真正「转换季节、扭转命运」的只是其中一度。这个看法与后世占星重视「分至点」本身、而非整个启动星座的做法一致。
但这一度是哪一度,诸家说法不一(表二):有人说第八度(卷三(二)冬至「在摩羯的第八度」即采此说,源于古巴比伦的历法),有人说第十度,还有人说第一度。最后两行在英译里语气突兀:「第一度——只属于你,属于你」,似是对某位主张第一度的作者说话,而缪斯「轻蔑地不提那个名字」;全卷就在这里戛然而止。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英文原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 仲裁者 | Umpire | 居中调停昼夜 |
| 榆树 | Elms | 古人以榆树支撑葡萄藤 |
| 度 | Degree | 星座的三十分之一 |
| 天命 | Fate | 命运的判定 |
🧭 图解与讲解
白羊与天秤是分点星座,「力量其次」(表一)。白羊位于太阳从冬至「开始向上弯转」到夏至「终止」的路程中间,像仲裁者把昼夜调平,此后白昼加长;春天海洋静息、花朵开放、鸟兽求偶。天秤与它相对,同样调平昼夜,但「秤很快被黑暗压得失去平衡」,此后黑夜占上风;秋天葡萄从榆树上垂下(古罗马人常让葡萄攀在榆树上),压榨机流出新酒,人们趁余热播种小麦。
| 回归星座 | 昼夜 | 诗中所写的世事 |
|---|---|---|
| 白羊(春分) | 昼夜相等,此后昼长 | 海静;花开;鸟兽求偶;林中歌声 |
| 天秤(秋分) | 昼夜相等,此后夜长 | 葡萄成熟、榨酒;趁余热播种小麦 |
| 说法 | 分至点在回归星座的哪一度 |
|---|---|
| 一派 | 第八度(参卷三(二):冬至在摩羯第八度) |
| 另一派 | 第十度 |
| 又一派 | 第一度(诗人「轻蔑地不提那个名字」) |
诗人随后提出一个精细的论点:回归星座的力量并不平均分布在整个星座里。一年里只有一天昼夜相等、只有一天白昼最长,所以真正「转换季节、扭转命运」的只是其中一度。这个看法与后世占星重视「分至点」本身、而非整个启动星座的做法一致。
但这一度是哪一度,诸家说法不一(表二):有人说第八度(卷三(二)冬至「在摩羯的第八度」即采此说,源于古巴比伦的历法),有人说第十度,还有人说第一度。最后两行在英译里语气突兀:「第一度——只属于你,属于你」,似是对某位主张第一度的作者说话,而缪斯「轻蔑地不提那个名字」;全卷就在这里戛然而止。
原文为公有领域古籍;翻译、印象画与图文解读由 AI 辅助生成,鲲侯审校。