卷三（三）　星座的升落时间与各地的昼夜

The rising and Setting of the Signs first. By Stadia: and Hours

［先讲星座的升起与沉没：以斯塔迪昂计，又以时辰计］

Of Planets, vomit with impetuous Roar, / And beat the Ocean from the foaming Shore.

行星；河口以猛烈的咆哮喷涌而出，把海洋从泛着泡沫的岸边击退。

Now learn what Stadia, learn what times in Skies / Signs ask to Sett, and what they claim to Rise: / Observe, short rules my Muse, but full she brings.

现在来学：天上的星座沉没要多少斯塔迪昂、多少时间，升起又要求多少：留意吧，我的缪斯带来的法则简短，却很充实，

And Words roul from Her, crowded up with Things. / For Aries, Prince of all the Signs comprise / Full forty Stadia, for his time to rise, / But Eighty give him when He leaves the Skies: / One Hour, and one third part his rise compleats, / This space of time, He doubles when He sets.

言词从她口中滚滚而出，挤满了事物。白羊，众星座之首，升起要占足足四十斯塔迪昂，离开天空时却要给他八十：一小时又三分之一完成他的升起；沉没时，他把这段时间加倍。

The following Signs to Libra rising, claim / Eight Stadia more, and Setting lose the same.

后随的星座直到天秤，升起时各多要八斯塔迪昂，沉没时各少同样多。

And thus in order following Signs require / Still sixteen Minutes more to raise their Fire, / And lose as much, when setting they retire: / Thus signs to Libra, as they rise increase; / And thus they lose when they descend to Seas:

后随的星座就这样依次升起火光时多要十六分钟，沉没退去时少同样多：星座直到天秤就这样升起时递增，沉入大海时这样递减：

For all the Signs that do from Libra range, / Take equal measures, but the Order change; / For Signs adverse to equal times engross, / But setting Gain, and still arise with loss.

因为从天秤起的一切星座，取相等的量度，只是次序颠倒；因为相对的星座占有相等的时间，却是沉没时增加，升起时减少。

Thus Hours and Stadia which bright Aries gets / When rising, Libra loseth when she sets; / And all the time, which when He leaves the Skies, / The Ram possesses, Libra takes to rise: / By this Example, all the rest define, / The following imitate the leading Sign.

所以明亮的白羊升起时所得的时辰与斯塔迪昂，正是天秤沉没时所失的；白羊离开天空时所占的全部时间，天秤用来升起：以此为例，推定其余一切，后随的星座仿效前导的星座。

This rightly fixt, if you these Rules pursue, / The Horoscope lies open to thy view; / Securely work, since you can fix in Skies / The times, and Stadia, for the Signs to rise: / From that Degree and Sign, in which the Sun / Begins to start, his daily Course to run, / Count fairly on, and all the work is done. / Another method, if you this refuse,

这一点正确地定下之后，如果你遵循这些法则，上升点就展现在你眼前；放心去做吧，因为你能在天上定出星座升起的时间与斯塔迪昂：从太阳开始启程、跑他每日路程的那一度与那个星座起，公平地数下去，工作就完成了。如果你不要这个方法，另一个方法

Another Method

［另一种方法］

Shall lead thee right, and be as plain to use: / For if the Horoscope you seek by Day, / Observe these Rules, which shew the surest Way; / First find what Hour, the Birth is born, and then / Add five to that, and multiply by Ten:

也会引你走对路，而且一样容易使用：因为如果你在白天求上升点，就遵守这些法则，它们指出最可靠的路：先找出出生在第几小时，然后给它加五，再乘以十：

Add five, for every Hour the Signs ascend / Thrice five Degrees, in the Celestial Bend: / This done, take that Degree in which the Sign / Then rouls the Sun, and to this Number join; / From this whole Sum, one Thirty parts apply'd / To the Sun's Sign, nor to the rest deny'd, / As following they in order lie, will show / The thing you sought for, and design to know:

加五，因为每一小时，星座在天上的弯道中升起三个五度；这样做了，再取太阳当时在其星座里运行的那一度，加进这个数：从这个总数里，把三十分一份分给太阳的星座，也不拒绝分给其余的星座，依它们后随的次序排下去，就会显示你所寻求、想要知道的东西：

For where the Number ends, that Sign and Part / Is Horoscope: Thus speak the Rules of Art.

因为数目在哪里终了，那个星座与那一度就是上升点：技艺的法则这样说。

By Night your search demands a different way; / To the Nights Hour, add all the twelve of Day, / From this whole Sum the Thirty parts apply / To following Signs as they in order lie; / And where the Number ends, that Sign and Part / Is Horoscope: Thus speak the Rules of Art.

夜间你的寻求需要另一种方法：给夜间的时辰加上白昼全部的十二个时辰，从这个总数里，把三十分配给依次排列的后随星座；数目在哪里终了，那个星座与那一度就是上升点：技艺的法则这样说。

Thus you may find the Horoscope in Skies, / And tho' Oblique the Circling Zodiack lies, / This Point determin'd, you may fix them all, / What Crowns the Top, and what supports the Ball: / The Signs true Setting, and true Rising trace, / Assign to each their proper Powers and Place, / And thus what stubborn Nature's Laws deny, / Our Art shall force, and fix the rowling Skie. / Nor is o're all the Earth, the length of Night,

你就这样能在天上找到上升点；黄道圈虽然斜着环绕，这一点定下了，你就能定出全部的点：哪一点为天顶加冕，哪一点支撑天球；追寻星座真正的沉没与真正的升起，给每一个配上它应有的力量与位置；这样，顽固的自然法则所不肯给的，我们的技艺就强取过来，把旋转的天定住。而且长夜的长度在全地上也不相同，

Third Argument against the Chaldaeans

［驳迦勒底人的第三个论证］

And Day the same; they vary with the sight; / Nor, would the Ram alone and Scales agree, / In Day and Night; in every Sign would be / The Equinox, if as these Rules devise, / Two Hours were given to every Sign to rise.

白昼也一样；它们随所见的天象而变；而且，假如照这些法则所设计的那样，给每个星座两小时去升起，就不会只有白羊与天秤的昼夜一致，每个星座都会是分点。

The length of Days and Nights in a Direct Sphere

［正球中的昼夜长短］

In that Position where Direct's the Sphere, / And in the Horizon both Poles appear; / The Day maintains an equal length to Night, / And that Usurps not on the others Right: / No Inequality in Skies is found, / But equal Day, and equal Night goes round.

在天球为正球的位置上，两极都出现在地平上；白昼与黑夜保持相等的长度，彼此不侵占对方的权利：天上找不到不均等，相等的白昼与相等的黑夜轮转不息。

Those Days and Nights which Spring and Autumn bear, / They see unvary'd thro' the rowling Year, / Because the circling Sun in every Sign / Runs round, and measures still an equal Line; / Whether thro' Cancer's height he bears the Day, / Or thro' the Goat oppos'd He bends his way, / The Day's alike, nor do the Nights decay.

春秋两季所有的那种昼夜，他们终年看到都不变，因为绕行的太阳在每个星座里绕圈，量出的总是相等的线；不论他经过巨蟹的高处带来白昼，还是在相对的摩羯里转弯，白昼都一样，黑夜也不减短。

For tho' Oblique the Zodiack Circle lies, / Yet all the Zones do at right Angles rise / Still Parallel; and whilst the Sphere is Right / Half Heaven is Hid, and half expos'd to sight.

因为黄道圈虽然是斜的，所有的纬带却都以直角升起，彼此平行；天球是正的时候，半个天藏起来，半个天露在眼前。

In an Oblique Sphere

［斜球中］

Hence take thy way, and o're Earth's mighty Bend / From this midst Region move to either End, / As weary Steps convey thee up the Ball / By Nature rounded and hung midst the All / To either Pole; whilst you your way pursue / Some parts withdraw, and others rise to view.

从这里出发，越过大地广大的弯曲，从这中间地带走向任何一端；当疲倦的脚步带你沿着这个球向上——它被自然造得浑圆，悬在万有中间——走向任一极时；你一路前行，有些部分退去，另一些部分升入视野。

To you thus mounting as the Earth doth rise / So varies the Position of the Skies, / And all the Signs that rose Direct before / Obliquely mount, and keep that Site no more; / Oblique the Zodiack grows, for whilst we range, / Tho fixt its place, yet ours we freely change;

当你这样随大地的隆起向上走时，天的位置也随之变化，先前直着升起的一切星座都斜着升起，不再保持原来的方位；黄道变得倾斜，因为我们漫游时，它的位置虽然固定，我们的位置却自由地改变；

Tis therefore plain that here the Days must prove / Of different Lengths, since Signs obliquely move, / Some nearer roul, whilst some remoter rove, / And measure still unequal Rounds above. / As nearer to the Arctick Round you go

所以很明显，这里的白昼必定长短不同，因为星座斜着运行，有些在较近处转动，有些在较远处漫游，在上方量出的圈总是不相等。当你走得更靠近北极圈时，

On this side the Arctick Circle

［在北极圈的这一边］

The Hours increase, and Day appears to grow; / The Summer Signs in ample Arch invade / Our Sight, the Winter lie immerst in Shade; / The more you Northward move, the more your Eyes / Their Lustre lose; they set as soon as rise:

时辰增加，白昼显得增长；夏天的星座以宽阔的弧侵入我们的视野，冬天的星座沉在阴影里；你越往北走，你的眼睛就越看不到它们的光辉；它们刚升起就沉没：

Beyond the Arctick Circle

［北极圈以外］

But pass this Round, as you your way pursue, / Each Sign withdraws with all its parts from view, / Then Darkness comes, and chaces Light away, / And thirty Nights excludes the Dawn of Day: / Thus by degrees Day wasts, Signs cease to rise, / For bellying Earth still rising up denies / Their Light a Passage, and confines our Eyes.

但越过这个圈，你继续前行，每个星座就连同它的各部分都从视野中退去，于是黑暗来临，把光赶走，三十个夜晚把黎明挡在外面：白昼就这样逐渐消耗，星座不再升起，因为鼓起的大地不断升高，拒绝它们的光通过，把我们的视线限住。

Continued Nights, continued Days appear, / And Months no more fill up the rouling Year. / Should Nature place us where the Northern Skies

连续的长夜、连续的白昼出现，月份不再填满流转的一年。假如自然把我们安置在北天

In an erect or parallel Sphere

［在直立的或平行的天球中］

Creak round the Pole, and grind the propping Ice; / Midst Snows eternal, where th' impending Bear / Congeal'd leans forward on the frozen Air; / The World would seem, if we survey'd the whole, / Erect, and standing on the nether Pole.

绕着天极吱嘎作响、碾磨着支撑的冰的地方；在永恒的积雪之中，悬在头顶的熊冻僵了，向前倚在冰冷的空气上；那里的世界，如果我们纵览全体，似乎直立着，立在下方的极上。

Its sides, as when a Top spins round, incline / Nor here nor there, but keep an even Line, / And there Six Signs of Twelve would fill the sight / And never setting at an equal Hight, / Wheel with the Heavens, and spread a constant Light.

它的两侧，像陀螺旋转时那样，不偏向这边也不偏向那边，保持平稳的线；在那里，十二个星座中有六个充满视野，永不沉没，以相等的高度随诸天旋转，散布恒常的光。

And whilst thro' those the Sun directs his way / For long Six Months with a continued Ray / He chaces Darkness, and extends the Day.

当太阳经过这些星座时，他以连续的光芒驱逐黑暗，整整六个月延续白昼。

But when the Sun below the Line descends / With full Career, and to the lower bends, / Then one long Night continued Darkness joins, / And whilst he wanders thro' the Winter's Signs / The Arctick Circle lies immerst in Shade, / And vainly calls to feeble Stars for Aid:

但当太阳以全速降到那条线以下、向下方弯去时，一个长夜就接起连续的黑暗；当他漫游在冬天的星座里时，北极圈沉在阴影中，徒然向微弱的星辰求援：

Because the Eyes that from the Pole survey / The bellying Globe, scarce measure half the way, / The Orb still rising stops the Sight from far, / And whilst we forward look, we find a Bar: / For from the Eyes the Lines directly fall, / And Lines direct can ne'er surround the Ball;

因为从极上眺望鼓起的地球的眼睛，几乎量不到一半的路，那不断隆起的球体从远处挡住视线，我们向前看时就遇到障碍：因为视线从眼睛直射出去，而直线永远不能环绕球体；

Therefore the Sun to those low Signs confin'd / Bearing all Day and leaving Night behind, / To those that from the Pole survey denies / His chearful Face, and Darkness fills their Eyes: / Till having spent as many Months, as past / Thro' Signs, he turns, and riseth to the North at last:

所以太阳被限在那些低处的星座里，带着全部的白昼、留下黑夜时，就不让从极上眺望的人看见他欢快的脸，黑暗充满他们的眼睛：直到他度过了与经过的星座一样多的月份，才转身，终于升到北方：

And thus, in this Position of the Sphere / One only Day, one only Night appear / On either side the Line, and make the Year.

所以，在天球的这种位置上，那条线两侧各只有一个白昼、一个黑夜，合成一年。

What different sorts of Days and Nights are known / In all Positions thus my Muse hath shown; / Her Work goes on, and she must next comprise / What Signs appear, what Times they claim to rise / In all Positions of the moving Skies:

在一切位置上有哪些不同种类的昼夜，我的缪斯就这样说明了；她的工作继续进行，接下来必须说明，在旋转的天的一切位置上，哪些星座出现，它们升起各要多少时间：

That when you follow Art, and boldly press / To find the Horoscope, a just Success / May meet thy search, and into knowledge raise thy guess.

好让你遵循技艺、大胆去求上升点时，你的寻求能获得应有的成功，把你的猜测提升为知识。

But who can all their various times reherse? / Compute so much, and state Accounts in Verse?

但谁能复述它们一切不同的时间？谁能计算这么多，用诗句列出账目？

Therefore this part let general Rules define, / Let those that follow my advanc'd Design / Apply them right, but let the Rules be mine. / Where-ever plac'd. by these few Rules proceed,

所以这一部分让一般的法则来规定，让追随我前进计划的人正确地应用它们，但法则要由我来定。无论身在何处，都按这几条法则进行，

Another way to find the Trine the Signs Rising and Setting by Hours

［求星座升落时辰的另一种方法］

By Nature settled, and by Art decreed; / First count how many Hours compleat the Night / Or Day, when Cancer in the Summer's height / Bears Phoebus, and short darkness bounds the light.

它们由自然确立，由技艺规定：先数一数，当巨蟹在夏天的高处承载福玻斯、短暂的黑暗限制光明时，黑夜或白昼有多少个时辰。

Day's Hours by Six divide, one sixth devise / To following Leo as his time to rise: / Night so divided too one Sixth bestow / On Taurus, that his rising time will show: / But then observe the difference of the time / Which Leo takes, and which the Bull to climb, / That into Three divide, and thence apply, / Beside the time which Taurus takes to mount the Sky, / One single Third to Naked Gemini.

把白昼的时辰除以六，把六分之一分给后随的狮子，作为他升起的时间：把黑夜也这样分，把六分之一给金牛，那就会显出他升起的时间：然后观察狮子升起与金牛攀升所需时间之差，把它分成三份，然后在金牛升上天空的时间之外，把单独一个三分之一给赤裸的双子。

The like to Cancer, and the like Account / To fiery Leo as his time to mount; / Then reckon all, you'll find the Sum the same / Which from the first Division to Leo came, / When one sixth part of Day was given to raise his Flame.

同样的再给巨蟹，同样的算法给火热的狮子作为他升起的时间；然后全部合计，你会发现总数与最初分给狮子的那个数相同——即白昼的六分之一给他升起火焰时的那个数。

By the same Method Virgo's time define: / But this Condition runs thro' every Sign, / The following keeps those Hours the Sign before / Obtain'd to rise, and vulgarly adds more: / As these an orderly Encrease maintain, / So Signs from Libra still decrease again:

用同样的方法定出处女的时间：但这个条件贯穿每个星座：后随的星座保有前一个星座升起所得的时辰，并照例再加上更多：这些星座这样有次序地递增，从天秤起的星座则又递减：

But different Order they observe in Skies, / The Hours these claim to Set, those take to Rise.

但它们在天上遵循不同的次序：这些星座沉没所需的时辰，就是那些星座升起所需的时辰。