卷八·第 513–517 问　两光强弱、焦伤之路、星占五部与世运起点

§513. Do the luminaries surpass the planets in this?

第五百一十三问　在这件事上，两光胜过诸行星吗？

That must be so. If the luminaries aspect each other, and are with the benefics or in their aspect, and are in their own portions or the portions of the benefics, they are strong. If they are in places that do not suit them, and the malefics are hostile to them and rise above them, and the benefics are fallen away from them, and they are eclipsed, or are near to one of the nodes of the jawzahr by less than 12 degrees, especially the Tail, they are weak. Then the Moon has as her own the muḥāq, the opposition, the decrease of light, being beneath the earth at the time of her turn, and alighting in the burnt path; these are misfortunes adding to weakness. Some have counted among her misfortunes her being in the last parts of the signs, in the twelfth-parts of the two malefics, in the south descending, and in the ninth from the ascendant. But not all of that is peculiar to the Moon rather than the others: the last parts of all the signs are terms of the malefics, and, as with the state of the twelfth-parts, these apply to the Moon and to all the planets. As for the ninth from the ascendant, it is opposite the joy of the Moon, and that does pertain to her.

必然如此。两光若彼此相照，又与吉星同在或在吉星的照中，又在自己的份额或吉星的份额里，它们就强。若在不相宜的位置，凶星与它们为敌、凌驾其上，吉星从它们落空，它们又被食，或离焦扎赫尔的某个交点不到十二度，尤其是龙尾，它们就弱。此外，月亮还有她独有的：穆哈格、对冲、光的亏减、轮到她当值时在地下，以及落入焦伤之路；这些都是加重衰弱的不幸。有些人把月亮在星座的末几度、在两颗凶星的十二分部里、在南方下降、在从上升起数的第九宫，也算作她的不幸。但这些并不全是月亮独有而别星没有的：一切星座的末几度都是凶星的界；与十二分部的情形一样，这些对月亮与一切行星都适用。至于从上升起数的第九宫，它与月亮的喜乐之处相对，那确实关乎她。

§514. What is the burnt path?

第五百一十四问　何谓焦伤之路？

It is the end of Libra and the beginning of Scorpio. Both of these signs are unsuited to the luminaries, because of their darkness and their retreating, and because they are their falls; and the two malefics are bound up with them, one by the house and the other by the exaltation. That place in particular has been singled out for it because of the nearness to it of the exaltation of Saturn and the fall of the Sun on one side, and the fall of the Moon on the other side, behind it, so that the two malefics are present, and it belongs to Mars between these two signs. [text uncertain]

它是天秤的末尾与天蝎的开头。这两个星座都不宜于两光，因为它们的幽暗与后退，又因为它们是两光的落；两颗凶星又都与它们相系，一颗凭庙，一颗凭旺。特别挑出这一处来，是因为它一边靠近土星的旺与太阳的落，另一边、在它后面是月亮的落，于是两颗凶星都在场，而在这两个星座之间，它归于火星。〔原文疑有讹误〕

§515. Into how many kinds are the judgements of the stars divided?

第五百一十五问　星的判断分为几类？

Within the orb there are only the four elements, either simple or, in combination, producing other things; and in both ways they are affected by the planets and the motions. The simple ones do not admit changes in their wholes; only their touching extremities admit it, because of the contrariety that calls them to alteration in act, and that happens to them on the face of the earth. Their mixing is completed by the effects of the rays reaching them, and by this the four natures are perfected. So the surface of the earth is the place laid down for coming-into-being, according to the figures of the planets toward it, as far as the warm ray penetrates into it or into the water, according to their porosity; then it is reflected, and what has evaporated from the water and smoked from the earth rises to where its reflection becomes weak. These motions are thus the causes of generation and corruption in the world. What comes about in this way is either lasting or quick to pass away and perish. What goes round in the air, of the qualities of heat, cold and temperateness, and what arises in it through moisture and dryness, of the motions of the winds and the things moved by them, clouds, rains, snows, hail and the kinds of dew; what is heard in it, of thunder, crashes and the thunderclap; and what is seen in it, of lightning and thunderbolts, then rainbows, haloes and meteors, then shooting stars and comets, and all that is called the events of the atmosphere; and what is in the earth, of earthquakes and subsidences, and in the water, of tides, floods and torrents: this is one division comprising these kinds. They are not very lasting; the longest of them in time are rains, snows, comets and earthquakes, for although they do not endure, they sometimes press with their force upon a place and destroy it. Next comes the matter of what is compounded of the elements, I mean plants and animals and what befalls them. It has two aspects, the universal, which covers the genus and the species, and the particular, which strikes some and not others; and of it again some is more lasting and some quicker to perish. The universal is like a famine arising from blights on the crops and the failure of yields, covering a kingdom or kingdoms, and like a sweeping plague that comes upon a town or towns; the particular is that of it which strikes particular places and few individuals. Connected with this are the accidents of wars, the contention of dynasties and their transfer, the rising of rebels and of kings, and the appearance of sects and religions; for this is a field of great duration and severe force. This is a second division, which follows it. What is particular to each individual, human or other, in his time and place, and the circumstances that surround him for the extent of his life, or what remains after him of his works and offspring: this is a third division. After it come the circumstances of the actions of men and the things done by them, and that is a fourth division. All of that is built on beginnings belonging to it; if these are unknown, there follows a fifth division, for knowing those circumstances when their beginnings are unknown. With it the art comes near to going out of its bounds, and bears what it cannot bear, because the matter ends up moving from the great universals to the minute particulars. Therefore it resembles the preceding divisions on one side, and is like the ways of soothsaying on the other; and when it oversteps its bounds, by its affiliation it belongs to the field of augury, not of astrology, even if the stars are mentioned in it.

在天球之内只有四元素，或是单纯的，或是相互组合而生出别的东西；在这两种情形下，它们都受诸行星与诸运动的作用。单纯的元素，就其整体而言不接受变化；只有它们相接的边缘接受变化，因为相反之性召唤它们实际地转化，而这发生在地面上。它们的混合，由到达它们的光线之效而完成，四种本性由此得以完满。所以，地面是为生成而设的处所，依照诸行星对它所成的格局，看那温热的光线按其疏松程度深入大地或水中多远；然后它被反射回来，从水中蒸发、从地里冒烟的东西就上升，直到它的反射变弱之处。这些运动于是成为世间生成与败坏的原因。由此而生的东西，或是持久的，或是迅速消逝、毁灭的。在空气中流转的冷、热与温和诸性质，以及空气中因湿与干而起的风的运动与被风推动之物——云、雨、雪、冰雹与各种露；在其中听到的雷、霹雳与雷鸣；在其中看到的闪电与雷火，然后是虹、晕与流火，然后是流星与彗星，以及一切被称为大气之事的东西；还有在地中的地震与地陷，在水中的潮汐、洪水与急流：这是包含这几类的一部。它们不很持久；其中时间最长的是雨、雪、彗星与地震，因为它们虽不长存，有时却以其力量压在一个地方并毁掉它。其次是由元素组合而成之物的事，我是说草木与动物以及降临到它们身上的事。它有两面：普遍的，涵盖属与种；个别的，打击一些而不打击另一些；其中又有较持久的与较快消逝的。普遍的，如因庄稼受害、收成落空而起、遍及一国或数国的饥荒，又如降临一城或数城、横扫一切的瘟疫；个别的，是其中打击个别地方与少数个人的。与此相连的，是战争的变故、诸王朝的争夺与更替、叛乱者与君王的崛起、教派与宗教的出现；因为这是一个持续极久、力量猛烈的领域。这是紧随其后的第二部。为每一个体所特有的——人或别的——在他的时与地，以及他一生所处的种种境况，或他死后所留下的作为与子孙：这是第三部。其后是人的行动及其所做之事的境况，这是第四部。这一切都建立在属于它的起点之上；若起点不可知，就有第五部，用来在起点不可知时知道那些境况。到了这里，这门技艺几乎要越出它的边界，承担它承担不了的东西，因为事情最后从大的普遍之事转到了细微的个别之事。所以它一面与前几部相似，另一面又像巫卜之道；当它越出边界时，按其归属，它属于卜兆之学的领域，而不属于占星，即使其中提到了星。

§516. What, then, are the beginnings by which the sorts of the first division are known?

第五百一十六问　那么，借以知道第一部诸类的起点是什么？

This and the second division share in their beginnings. These are the greatest, middle and lesser conjunctions, and the places where the turn ends up in the years after them, from the places of the conjunctions and from their ascendants; from the thousands known as the hazārāt; from the hundreds and the tens; and from the firdārs. Some take them by the conjunction or opposition preceding them, and make it stand in their place; and some take the eclipses near to them, before or after, and assign the greater merit to them because of their attachment to them, especially those of great magnitude.

这一部与第二部共用其起点。它们是最大、中、小会合，以及会合之后各年里轮值所到之处——从会合的位置与其上升点起算；还有被称为哈扎拉特的诸千年、诸百年与诸十年；以及法达。有些人取它们之前的合或望，以之代替会合；有些人取它们前后临近的交食，因为交食与它们相连而给予更大的分量，尤其是食分大的。

§517. What is the detail of that and its explanation?

第五百一十七问　其细节与解说如何？

The degrees of the conjunctions, their ascendants and the ascendants of their years move the turn in the order of the signs, with a movement that runs through the signs in a complete solar year; and the place it reaches is called the end (intihāʾ). For the end in each following year falls in the second sign, at the same degrees as the first. For example, if the first end in some year is in 10 degrees of the sign of Cancer, then the first end for the coming year is in 10 degrees of Leo. The matter of the thousands and what follows them is close to that, and differs from it only in the amounts of time, for these differ for them in the degrees and the signs. They are among the works of the Persians, and that is why their name is famous in Persian. We have said before that the years of the world according to Abū Maʿshar are 360,000 years, with the Flood in the middle of them. He has a book on them called The Thousands. In it he first made the thousands correspond to the degrees of the orb, a thousand years to each degree, so that the share of a year became 3 seconds and three-fifths of a second; and he called this the greatest. Then, secondly, he made the thousands correspond to the signs, a thousand years to each sign, and called this the thousands. Then, thirdly, he made the single years correspond to the signs, one year to each, and from this came the ends of the years, as we have said before. Then also he made the single years correspond to the degrees, a year to each degree, and from this came the least division. Between the units and the thousands there remain two orders, for which the ends are driven, a hundred years to each sign in one of them and ten years to each sign in the other; and for the tens and the hundreds he mentioned nothing with the degrees, on the analogy of what went before.

诸会合的度数、它们的上升点以及它们各年的上升点，按星座次序推动轮值，其运动在一整个太阳年里走过一个星座；它所到之处称为终点（因提哈）。因为每一个后续之年的终点都落在下一个星座，与前一个的度数相同。例如，某年第一个终点若在巨蟹十度，来年的第一个终点就在狮子十度。诸千年及其后诸项的事与此相近，只在时间的长短上不同，因为这些对它们而言在度数与星座上各不相同。它们是波斯人的作品之一，所以它们的名称以波斯语闻名。我们前面说过，按阿布·马谢尔，世界之年是三十六万年，洪水在其正中。他有一本论此的书，名为《千年之书》。书中他先让千年与天球的度数相对应，每度一千年，于是一年的份额成了三秒又五分之三秒；他称之为最大的。其次，他让千年与星座相对应，每星座一千年，称之为千年。再次，他让单个的年与星座相对应，每星座一年，由此生出诸年的终点，如我们前面所说。然后他又让单个的年与度数相对应，每度一年，由此生出最小的划分。在个位与千位之间，还剩下两个等级，为之推动终点：一个是每星座一百年，另一个是每星座十年；至于十年与百年，按前面的类推，他没有提到与度数相配的。

As for the firdārs, their amounts and their order for nativities have been given before; but in this subject their order is altered, and follows the order of the signs of the exaltations. Thus the firdār is, for example, first the Sun's, the lord of the exaltation of Aries; then the Moon, lord of the exaltation of Taurus; then the Head, lord of the exaltation of Gemini; then Jupiter, lord of the exaltation of Cancer; then Mercury's; then Saturn's; then the Tail; then Mars's; then Venus's; and it returns to the Sun. The division among the partners is in equal parts, as before, among the lords of the exaltations in it: the lord of the firdār is alone in management in its division, and then the partners share with it afterward in their turns, except the Head and the Tail, for they do not enter into partnership but are alone in their firdārs, and no planet shares with them.

至于法达，它们在本命中的数量与次序前面已经讲过；但在这个题目里，它们的次序改变了，照诸旺所在星座的次序。所以法达例如：先是太阳的，白羊的旺主；然后月亮，金牛的旺主；然后龙头，双子的旺主；然后木星，巨蟹的旺主；然后水星的；然后土星的；然后龙尾；然后火星的；然后金星的；再回到太阳。在伙伴之间的划分是等分的，如前，分给其中诸旺之主：法达之主在它那一分里独自掌管，然后伙伴轮流在它之后与它分享，只有龙头与龙尾例外，因为它们不入合伙，在自己的法达里独处，没有一颗行星与它们分享。

These, then, are the universal beginnings that must be ascertained in the revolution of the years of the world and of their quarters, and in all the conjunctions and oppositions, especially the one of them that precedes the revolution and the quarters.

这些就是在世界之年及其四分的回归中、在一切合与望中——尤其是在回归与四分之前的那一次——必须查明的普遍起点。