卷八·第 484–489 问　月亮对太阳、日之左右、诸态之变与入相离相

§484. What is the state of the Moon with respect to the Sun?

第四百八十四问　月亮对太阳的情形如何？

The Moon shares with the planets in being in the heart. Her amount for combustion is when the distance between her and the Sun, on the eastern and western sides, is less than 7 degrees; and for being under the rays, when the distance exceeds that, up to 12 degrees, which is the limit of first appearance as a crescent in the west. Then come the distances that we mentioned among the fāsīsāt, those at which the light is on a quarter of her body, on half of it, on three-quarters of it and on the whole of it, and, on either side of the opposition, at the two distances corresponding to the first appearance as a crescent.

月亮与诸行星一样有日核。她焦伤的度量，是她与太阳在东西两侧的距离小于七度；在日光之下，是距离超过此数直到十二度，那是新月初次在西方出现的界限。然后是我们在法西萨特中提到的那些距离：光照在她身体的四分之一、一半、四分之三与全部之时；以及在对冲两边，与新月初现相应的两个距离。

§485. What is being on the right of the Sun and on the left?

第四百八十五问　何谓在太阳之右与在太阳之左？

What the practitioners of the art hold is that the three upper planets, from the time of their combustion until their opposition to the Sun, the two lower planets, from their combustion in the middle of retrogradation until their combustion in the middle of direct motion [corrected: MS has 'from their combustion in the middle of direct motion'], and the Moon, from after the opposition until the conjunction, are on the right of the Sun. Being on the left is, for the upper planets, from the time of their opposition to the Sun until their conjunction with it; for the two lower ones, from their combustion in the middle of direct motion until their combustion in the middle of retrogradation; and for the Moon, from the conjunction until the opposition.

这门技艺的从业者所持的是：三颗上行星从焦伤之时直到与太阳对冲，两颗下行星从逆行中点的焦伤直到顺行中点的焦伤〔抄本作「从顺行中点的焦伤起」，据文义改正〕，月亮从对冲之后直到会合，都在太阳之右。在太阳之左，对上行星是从与太阳对冲之时直到与它会合；对两颗下行星，是从顺行中点的焦伤直到逆行中点的焦伤；对月亮，是从会合直到对冲。

§486. Do the natures of the planets change with the change of their states?

第四百八十六问　行星的性质会随其状态的改变而改变吗？

If they did not change, there would be no use in ascertaining their states. As for those that we have mentioned in relation to the Sun, they have agreed that being in the heart is the utmost of strength, and the planet in it indicates good fortune; and they have agreed about combustion that it is the utmost of weakening, so that it goes beyond the limit of making unfortunate to destruction, although they have made distinctions according to the agreement and disagreement of natures, as when heat becomes excessive and moisture weak, so that through this the harm of combustion becomes less or greater. And they have agreed that the planet under the rays after combustion is like one recovering from his illness toward health and strength, and that being eastern is its completion, in which it becomes strong enough to complete its gifts; the Persians call this dastūriyya, and they apply it also to the whole of being on the right of the Sun. Up to a distance of 30 degrees from it the planet begins to stand still, so that its indication of good fortune becomes middling; at 45 from it that indication weakens; then up to a distance of 60 the matter is reversed, and this is called the lesser misfortune; up to a distance of 75 the middle misfortune; and up to combustion the greater misfortune. The planet at the station is like one bewildered and captive; in retrogradation like one bewildered and struck in the face; in the second retrogradation like one hoping for rescue; at the second station strong in hope and near to deliverance; and direct motion is as its name, the sign of advance and strength. Likewise their natures change by rising in the apogee orb, when the planet becomes dry, and by descending in it, when it becomes moist, without any change in its active quality. They change also in the epicycle by rising and descending in it: from being eastern to the first station the planet is moist, to the middle of retrogradation hot, to the second station dry, and to the next being eastern cold. They change in the active quality only because the affairs of the epicycle are bound up with the Sun. It has been said that the planets become dry by approaching it and moist by moving away from it; then it alters their natures by combustion and other things. When that is added to rising and descending, the state differs from that in the apogee orb, and the planet's being in the moist places of the signs and the terms helps in this. [text uncertain] The planet may also change in the sense of masculinity and femininity, so that it is masculine when eastern and feminine when western. Likewise in the signs: it follows the indication of the sign as the soul follows the temperament of the body, so that a masculine planet, by being in a feminine sign, indicates femininity, and with a part of the sign according to its masculine and feminine degrees; and sometimes, together with the mixtures of the indicators, it indicates eunuchs and hermaphrodites, effeminate men and mannish women. They change in the quarters of the orb that are reckoned from the horizon, in the sense of masculinity and femininity and in the four natures; and they change in the angles and elsewhere, especially in being stronger or weaker in indication. The good fortune of the benefics is great in the angles, especially if they are fixed signs; the evil of the malefics is severe in the fixed signs, especially if they are declining from the angles, and their effect is slight in the tropical signs, especially if they are not declining. Some have said that the west belongs to the lower planets and the east to the upper; it seems that in this they went by the agreement of direction with masculinity and femininity, and they stated the proposition absolutely when it is restricted, the rule in it being the distances from the Sun. It is known that being eastern, for the upper planets, comes in direct motion shortly after combustion, so it suits them, since for them it is like being raised up after a calamity; and to it corresponds the appearance of the two lower planets in the west in the evenings while direct, for they are in the like of those qualities. When the upper planets are western, it is in their direct motion as they go toward combustion, and to it corresponds the disappearance of the two lower planets in the east in the mornings while direct, for that is in the like of that state. As for the lower planets' being eastern in the mornings, it is close to the matter of all of them in the being eastern of the upper planets, since it is after combustion and near to direct motion; had they been direct in it, all the wandering planets would have been equal in the matter of being eastern. As for the lower planets' being western when they have become slow in their course, it is more harmful and weaker than the being western of the upper planets, because they are then going toward retrogradation and toward combustion together; and the upper planets, when they are western, are in a safer state than the lower planets in the being western that is followed by disappearance. We transfer into the table, from the words of Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī, what will let the beginner know the difference in indication between the strength of being eastern and the weakness of being western, even though their divergence does not reach to contrariety, if God most high wills.

若不改变，查明它们的状态就毫无用处了。至于我们提到的那些对太阳的状态，他们一致认为日核是力量的极致，在其中的行星主吉；又一致认为焦伤是削弱的极致，以至于超出了致凶的界限而到毁灭，不过他们也按性质的相合与不合作了区分，例如热过盛而湿弱时，焦伤之害因此或减或增。他们又一致认为，焦伤之后在日光之下的行星，像是病后向健康与力量恢复的人，而东出是它的完成，在其中它强到足以完成它的赐予；波斯人称之为「达斯图里耶」，也用它称呼在太阳之右的全部。离太阳三十度以内，行星开始停住，于是它主吉的象征变得中等；在四十五度，这象征减弱；然后到六十度，事情反转过来，这称为小凶；到七十五度，中凶；直到焦伤，大凶。在留时的行星像一个困惑的俘虏；在逆行时像一个困惑而被打了脸的人；在第二逆行时像盼望获救的人；在第二次留时满怀希望、接近脱身；而顺行正如其名，是前进与强的标志。同样，它们的性质也因在远地点圈中上升而改变，这时行星变干；因在其中下降而变湿，而它的主动之质并不改变。它们在本轮中也因上升与下降而改变：从东出到第一次留，行星是湿的；到逆行的中点，热；到第二次留，干；到下一次东出，冷。它们只在主动之质上改变，是因为本轮之事与太阳相连。有人说，行星靠近太阳就变干，离开它就变湿；然后太阳以焦伤及其他方式改变它们的性质。这一点加上上升与下降，情形就与在远地点圈中的不同，而行星在星座与界的湿处也有助于此。〔原文疑有讹误〕行星也可能在阴阳的意义上改变，东出时为阳，西入时为阴。在星座里也一样：它随从星座的象征，如同灵魂随从身体的气质，所以一颗阳性行星在阴性星座里就主阴柔，并随星座中按其阳性、阴性度数的一部分而定；有时它与诸征象的混合一起，主阉人与两性人、女气的男人与男气的女人。它们在从地平量起的天球诸象限里，也在阴阳的意义上与四种性质上改变；在四角与别处也改变，尤其在象征的强弱上。吉星的福在四角很大，尤其若是固定星座；凶星的恶在固定星座很重，尤其若是从四角落下，在启动星座它们的作用就轻，尤其若不是落下的。有人说西方属下行星、东方属上行星；看来他们在这上面依据的是方向与阴阳的相合，而把一个有限定的命题说成了无条件的，其中的准则在于与太阳的距离。大家知道，上行星的东出发生在焦伤后不久的顺行中，所以适合它们，因为对它们来说这像灾难之后被扶起；与之相应的是两颗下行星顺行时在黄昏于西方出现，因为它们处于同样的性质之中。上行星西入时，是在顺行中走向焦伤，与之相应的是两颗下行星顺行时在早晨于东方隐没，因为那处于同样的状态。至于下行星在早晨的东出，它与上行星东出的情形整体上相近，因为它在焦伤之后、接近顺行；假如它们在其中是顺行的，所有游星在东出一事上就完全相同了。至于下行星行速变慢时的西入，它比上行星的西入更有害、更弱，因为它们那时同时走向逆行与焦伤；而上行星西入时，比下行星那种随后隐没的西入处境更安全。我们从雅古卜·伊本·伊斯哈格·金迪的话中，把能让初学者知道东出之强与西入之弱在象征上有何不同的内容转录到表中，尽管两者的分歧还不到相反的程度，如果至高的真主意欲。

The table.

表如下。

§489. What are application and separation?

第四百八十九问　何谓入相与离相？

They are joined with aspect, and the aspect of the planets depends on the signs. The planets aspect one another by the names we have given before, conjunction, sextile, square, trine and opposition; and where they do not aspect, they are falling away from one another, excluded. Any two planets in one sign, or in two signs that aspect one another, are in exact application when their degrees are equal. The one of them that applies is the one whose orb is lower, because it is faster than the one whose orb is higher than it, since that one is heavier. For this reason the Moon applies to all the planets and none applies to her; Mercury applies to all of them except the Moon; Venus applies to them except Mercury and the Moon, for she is above them; the Sun applies to the upper planets but not to the lower; Mars applies to what is above him, Jupiter and Saturn, and not to what is below him; Jupiter applies to Saturn alone; and Saturn does not apply to any planet at all, because they are all beneath him. When the lower of two aspecting planets has fewer degrees than the upper, it is going toward application with it, pouring itself toward it; and if the lower has more degrees, it is separating from it after having applied to it. The lower of the two is called the pusher of management, and the upper the one pushed to. This is application in longitude.

它们与相照相连，而行星的相照取决于星座。行星彼此以我们前面给过的名称相照：会合、六分、四分、三分与对冲；不相照之处，它们彼此落空、被隔绝。任何两颗行星在同一星座，或在彼此相照的两个星座里，度数相等时，就处于精确入相。其中入相的一方是天层较低的那颗，因为它比天层在它之上的那颗快，那一颗较重。因此月亮入相于所有行星，没有行星入相于她；水星入相于除月亮以外的所有行星；金星入相于除水星与月亮以外的诸星，因为她在它们之上；太阳入相于上行星而不入相于下行星；火星入相于在他之上的木星与土星，而不入相于在他之下的；木星只入相于土星；土星完全不入相于任何行星，因为它们都在他之下。两颗相照的行星中，较低者的度数少于较高者时，它正走向与它入相，向它倾注自己；较低者的度数多时，它就是在入相之后正离开它。两者中较低的称为推付调度者，较高的称为受推者。这就是黄经上的入相。