卷八·第 478–483 问　世运、物价与卜问诸点，行星对太阳的诸态

§478. Are there other lots besides these?

第四百七十八问　除了这些，还有别的点吗？

This is a long matter, almost without end. Some of them are used in the revolution of the year of the world, for the conditions of its people and the conditions of kings in it; some are used at the conjunctions and oppositions, so that the state of the weather and of prices may be known; and some are used in questions. Then each of the astrologers goes his own way in each of them. We relate what is in their books on this subject in tables.

这件事很长，几乎没有尽头。其中有些用于世界之年的回归，看其中百姓的境况与君王的境况；有些用于合朔与望，以便知道天气的状况与物价；有些用于卜问。而每位星占家在每一类里都各走各的路。我们把他们书中关于这方面的内容列成表来叙述。

§479. These are the lots used in the revolutions of the years of the world and in the conjunctions.

第四百七十九问　这些是用于世界之年的回归与会合的点。

§480. What are the two lots and the two haymanān?

第四百八十问　两点与两海曼是什么？

Hermes has a book called The Eighty-Five Chapters, in which he mentions them in something like riddles. As for the two haymanān, of the black bile among them Saturn, and the yellow, according to what Māshāʾallāh mentioned. [text uncertain] As for the two lots, we have not yet found anyone with a clear opinion about them, except that Māshāʾallāh and those like him relied on them for the lifespans of kings. So those of the practitioners of the art who went deeply into them have inclined, in their case, to long computations by many kinds of methods, neither verified nor refined. Some of them take the first of the two, in the revolutions of the years of the rise of a kingdom and of the coming forth of the masters of dynasties, from the Sun to the middle of Leo, and the second from the Moon to the middle of Cancer, without any difference between night and day, and they project them from the ascendant. Whoever has more learning claims that the first lot is Saturn itself and the second is Jupiter. All that they have gone into is guesswork, in long talk that could fill a book. So let us now turn to the account of the states of the planets in relation to the Sun, for it is the strongest of the things that alter their indications and the most like the courses of natural conditions.

赫尔墨斯有一部书，名为《八十五章》，他在书中像打哑谜一样提到它们。至于两海曼，照马沙阿拉所说，其中属黑胆汁的是土星，还有属黄胆汁的。〔原文疑有讹误〕至于两点，我们还没有找到谁对它们有明白的见解，只知道马沙阿拉和与他相类的人靠它们来推君王的寿数。因此这门技艺的从业者中深究它们的人，在这件事上倾向于用多种方法作冗长的推算，既未经验证，也不精审。他们中有人在王朝兴起之年与开朝之主出世之年的回归中，取两点的第一个从太阳数到狮子座的中点，第二个从月亮数到巨蟹座的中点，昼夜没有分别，并从上升点投出。学问更多的人则宣称，第一个点就是土星本身，第二个就是木星。他们所论的一切都是猜测，长篇大论，足以写满一本书。所以现在让我们转而叙述行星对太阳的诸种状态，因为太阳是改变行星象征的诸事之中最强的，也最像自然状态的进程。

§481. What are being in the heart, being eastern, and being western?

第四百八十一问　何谓日核、东出与西入？

When a planet is with the Sun and there remain 16 minutes or less until its conjunction with it, or as much has passed since its conjunction, the planet is called ṣamīmī, 'in the heart'. To the three upper planets this happens only in the middle of their direct motion; to the two lower ones it happens both in the middle of direct motion and in the middle of retrogradation, and each of them in the middle of retrogradation corresponds, in the matter of being eastern, to the middle of the direct motion of the upper planets. When the upper planets have passed the limit of being in the heart, and the two lower planets have passed it in the middle of retrogradation, they are all called combust, until the distance of the Sun from them becomes 6 degrees; then the name of combustion leaves them and they are called under the rays, as if they were making ready to come out from it and appear. This lasts until the distance between the Sun and each of Venus and Mercury becomes 12 degrees, Saturn and Jupiter 15 degrees, and Mars 18 degrees; that is the beginning of their being eastern. This does not mean appearance to the eyes, for that differs between the climes and the cities; it is only a fixed limit set for them. After that they are called eastern, and the Persians then call them kabār-zōrī. Then the upper separate from the lower. The upper are called eastern until the distance becomes 30 degrees; then they are called weak in being eastern until the distance becomes 90 degrees, and the name never leaves them altogether, because at the time of their rising they are on the side of the east. When the distance exceeds 90 degrees the name of being eastern leaves them, for the reason we have mentioned. After that they become stationary for retrogradation, they retrograde after the station, and at the end of the retrogradation they become stationary for direct motion. Their opposition to the Sun falls in the middle of the retrogradation; its first half is called retrogradation, and its other half the second retrogradation. After the direct motion, until the distance between the Sun and them is 90 degrees, they are toward the east at the time of sunset; when it falls below 90 the planet inclines toward the west and the Sun comes after it. When this distance becomes 30 degrees, that is the beginning of being western, until the distance becomes 18 degrees for Mars and 15 degrees for each of Saturn and Jupiter. After that they are under the rays until the distance between them and the Sun is 6 degrees; then they are combust, and they return to being in the heart. In the Almagest the oppositions of the upper planets to the Sun are called the states known as the 'ends of the night' (aṭrāf al-layl); this is peculiar to the upper planets, because they rise at the time of sunset. The Persians call it in their language kabāwasī, but they also call by it another state common to them and to the lower planets, namely being western as well, since it is at the beginning of the night; then they qualify it with 'western' to distinguish it from the first.

行星与太阳同在，离与它会合还剩十六分或更少，或者会合之后已过了这么多，这颗行星就称为「萨米米」，即「在日核」。三颗上行星只在顺行的中点遇到这种情形；两颗下行星则在顺行的中点与逆行的中点都会遇到，而它们各自在逆行中点的情形，就东出一事而言，相当于上行星在顺行中点的情形。上行星越过日核的界限之后，两颗下行星在逆行中点越过它之后，全都称为焦伤，直到太阳离它们六度；这时焦伤之名离开它们，称为在日光之下，好像正准备从中出来而显现。这一直持续到太阳与金星、水星各相距十二度，与土星、木星相距十五度，与火星相距十八度；那就是它们东出的开始。这并不是指肉眼可见，因为那随气候带与城市而不同；这只是为它们定下的固定界限。此后它们称为东出，波斯人这时称之为「卡巴尔佐里」。然后上行星与下行星分开来讲。上行星称为东出，直到距离到三十度；然后称为东出之弱，直到距离到九十度；这个名称并不完全离开它们，因为它们升起之时在东方一侧。距离超过九十度时，东出之名就离开它们，理由如我们所说。此后它们停留而将逆行，留后逆行，逆行之末又停留而将顺行。它们与太阳对冲落在逆行的中点；逆行的前一半称为逆行，后一半称为第二逆行。顺行之后，直到太阳与它们相距九十度，它们在日落之时偏于东方；距离降到九十度以下，行星就偏向西方，太阳在它后面跟来。这个距离到三十度时，就是西入的开始，直到火星距离到十八度，土星、木星各到十五度。此后它们在日光之下，直到与太阳相距六度；然后焦伤，又回到日核。《天文学大成》里把上行星与太阳的对冲称为「夜之两端」的状态；这是上行星特有的，因为它们在日落之时升起。波斯人用他们的语言称之为「卡巴瓦西」，但他们也用这个名称称呼上行星与下行星共有的另一种状态，即西入，因为那也在入夜之初；于是他们加上「西方的」来与前一种区分。

§[482]. What is the state of the two lower planets after their being eastern?

第［四百八十二］问　两颗下行星东出之后的情形如何？

Their being eastern comes in the state of retrogradation, and neither of them reaches a great distance from the Sun. What follows being eastern is the station, then direct motion, then reaching the farthest distance from the Sun that they can reach; then they begin to approach it, and in all of that they are marked as eastern, until the distance becomes 12 degrees, which is the beginning of their disappearance in the east in the mornings. Then they are under the rays until this distance is less than 7 degrees, and they are combust; and at the conjunction with the Sun they are in the heart, in the middle of direct motion. After that their state in the west parallels the state of the upper planets in the east, by the amounts mentioned for their combustion, their being under the rays and their coming out of it in the evenings into being western. Then they reach the utmost distance from the Sun, then the station and retrogradation, and they return to the former states on reaching the distances mentioned for them, with being in the heart, in retrogradation, at the end of it.

它们的东出发生在逆行的状态中，而且两者都离太阳不远。东出之后是留，然后顺行，然后到达它们所能离太阳的最远距离；然后开始向太阳靠近，在这一切当中都标为东出，直到距离为十二度，那是它们在早晨于东方隐没的开始。然后它们在日光之下，直到距离小于七度，就焦伤；与太阳会合时在日核，在顺行的中点。此后它们在西方的情形，与上行星在东方的情形相当，按为它们的焦伤、在日光之下、以及在黄昏从中出来而成为西入所说的度数。然后它们到达离太阳的最远距离，然后留而逆行，到达为它们所说的距离时又回到先前的诸状态，最后在逆行之中、在日核，以此告终。

§483. Is Venus distinguished from Mercury in this?

第四百八十三问　金星在这件事上与水星有区别吗？

As for the fixing of the limits of being eastern and being western, there ought to have been a distinction between them, as Mars is distinguished in it. But the practitioners of the art, as we have said, have not made any difference between Saturn and Jupiter in it either, so we have let stand what they hold. As for what lies between Venus and Mercury: they both have very great latitude, and it may happen that Venus is in the heart or combust while she is at her farthest latitude in the north, so that at the time she is within the limit mentioned for combustion and for being under the rays she is visible, and these two names leave her. Likewise with being in the heart: if her latitude in the north is more than 7 degrees, she is called neither combust nor in the heart, but in conjunction with the Sun.

至于东出与西入界限的确定，本应在两者之间有所区别，正如火星在这上面有所区别那样。但这门技艺的从业者，如我们所说，连土星与木星之间也没有作任何区别，所以我们就让他们的主张照旧。至于金星与水星之间的不同：两者的黄纬都很大，可能金星在日核或焦伤时，正处在北方最远的纬度上，以致当时她虽在焦伤与日光之下所说的界限之内，却是可见的，这两个名称就离开她。在日核一事上也一样：她在北方的纬度若超过七度，就既不称为焦伤，也不称为在日核，而称为与太阳会合。