卷八·第 445–453 问　三方之主、相位、友敌、半宫、面与界

§445. What are the lords of the triplicities?

第四百四十五问　何谓三方之主？

The lord of the fiery triplicity, which is diurnal, is by day the Sun and by night Jupiter, and their partner by night and by day is Saturn. The lord of the earthy triplicity by day is Venus and by night the Moon, and the partner by night and by day is Mars. The lord of the airy triplicity is Saturn [by day] and by night Mercury, and the partner is Jupiter. The lord of the watery triplicity by day is Venus and by night Mars, and the partner is the Moon. As for the rank and file (ḥashwiyya) of the astrologers, they make all three lords of the triplicity at one time, and change the order only between day [and night]: they make the lords of the diurnal triplicity by day the Sun, Jupiter [and Saturn], and by night Jupiter, the Sun and Saturn, and the rest by this analogy. And they do not go back [to this] in the assignment (taṣyīr), although they have filled their books with judgements based on them and with ramifications.

火象三方属昼，其主白天是太阳，夜里是木星，它们昼夜共同的伙伴是土星。土象三方之主白天是金星，夜里是月亮，伙伴昼夜都是火星。风象三方之主［白天］是土星，夜里是水星，伙伴是木星。水象三方之主白天是金星，夜里是火星，伙伴是月亮。至于星占家中的庸众，他们把三方的三个主同时全用上，只在昼［夜］之间调换次序：他们把昼性三方之主定为白天太阳、木星［与土星］，夜里木星、太阳与土星，其余照此类推。他们在「指派」中并不回到［这一点］上，尽管他们的书里塞满了据此所作的论断与枝节。

§446. What are the aspects of the planets in the signs?

第四百四十六问　诸行星在星座中的相位是怎样的？

Two planets, when they are in two signs that regard one another, also regard one another. If they are in one sign, they are called together; and if they are in one degree of it, they are called conjoined. If one of them is in the third of the other, they regard one another from sextile, which is the right for one of them and the left for the other. If one of them is in the fourth of the other, they regard one another from square; if one of them is in the fifth of the other, they regard one another from trine; and if one of them is in the seventh of the other, they regard one another from opposition. If their degrees are equal, they are called joined in aspect, because the orb is then divided by what lies between them either into an equilateral hexagon, or into a square likewise, or a triangle like it, or else it is halved by it.

两颗行星，若在彼此相照的两个星座里，也就彼此相照。若它们在同一个星座里，称为同在；若在其中同一度上，称为相合。若其一在另一颗的第三座，它们从六分相照，这对其中一颗是右，对另一颗是左。若其一在另一颗的第四座，它们从四分相照；若在第五座，从三分相照；若在第七座，从对冲相照。若它们的度数相等，就称为以相位相接，因为这时天球被它们之间所隔的部分，或分成一个等边六边形，或同样分成一个正方形，或分成一个这样的三角形，否则就被它平分。

§447. What are the friendship and the enmity of the planets?

第四百四十七问　诸行星的友谊与敌对是什么？

We have brought this in here only because of its connection with the matter of the houses and their lords. The astrologers follow several doctrines on this. Some of them make the enmity between two planets from the side of contrariety in effect, as Saturn and Jupiter: one of them is dark and malefic, and the other bright, benefic and temperate. Some consider the contrariety in both qualities together, and so make the fiery hostile to the watery and the airy hostile to the earthy. Some make it from the positions of their houses and their exaltations: when these are hostile to one another by aspect, their lords are hostile to one another; and they make the lord of the twelfth from the house of a planet its enemy. The consideration of friendship is according to what we have mentioned in the principle of enmity. What Abu'l-Qāsim al-Falsafī used is something like this, and it is included in this table.

我们把这个放在这里，只是因为它与庙及其主的事有关。星占家在这上面持几种说法。有的从作用上的相反来定两颗行星之间的敌对，如土星与木星：一颗昏暗而凶，另一颗明亮、吉而温和。有的同时看两种性质上的相反，于是使火性的与水性的相敌，风性的与土性的相敌。有的从它们的庙与旺的位置来定：庙旺之间若以相位相敌，其主就相敌；他们并把一颗行星之庙的第十二座之主当作它的敌人。友谊的考量，则照我们在敌对的原则中所说的去推。哲学家阿布勒-卡西姆所用的，就是类似这样的东西，收在这张表里。

The use of friendship and enmity among the planets by the practitioners of judgements is slight; but the matter is otherwise with what the Indians hold, for its force with them is very great, and their use of it is on a par with the use of house and exaltation. For this reason I must relate their view of it, for it has a consistent rule according to their principles; and in this table is what they mention. This is the original enmity and friendship; then it changes with the times. For each of the planets, if another happens to be in its tenth, or eleventh, or second, or third, or fourth, or twelfth [corrected: MS omits the twelfth], then if it was a friend, its friendship becomes pure; if it was neutral, it becomes a friend; and if it was an enemy, it becomes neutral. If it happens to be in the rest of the houses from it, then if it was an enemy, its enmity becomes stronger; if it was neutral, it becomes an enemy; and if it was a friend, it becomes neutral. Let us now speak of the parts of the signs and the partnerships of the planets in them.

诸行星之间的友谊与敌对，判断家用得很少；但印度人所持的就不同了，在他们那里它的力量极大，用法与庙、旺同等。为此我必须述说他们的看法，因为按他们的原则，它有一条一贯的规则；这张表里就是他们所说的。这是原本的敌对与友谊；然后它随时而变。对每颗行星来说，若另一颗恰好在它的第十、第十一、第二、第三、第四或第十二座〔抄本缺第十二座，据文义改正〕，那么，原是朋友的，友谊变纯；原是中立的，变成朋友；原是敌人的，变成中立。若它恰在其余诸座，那么，原是敌人的，敌意更强；原是中立的，变成敌人；原是朋友的，变成中立。现在让我们讲星座的各部分，以及诸行星在其中的合伙。

§448. What is the nīmbahr?

第四百四十八问　何谓宁巴赫尔？

It is half a sign, and the Indians call it horā, that is, the hour. The first half of every male sign belongs to the Sun and the other, second half to the Moon; in the female signs it is the contrary, namely that their first half belongs to the Moon and the last to the Sun. Our colleagues never stop, in things of this kind, devising something else and producing what contradicts it; yet the matter of these is not so necessary that the separation between them should be like that between light and darkness. What we have mentioned, we mention because it is what is agreed upon by the nation that uses it, rather than the many sayings of the rest of them.

它是星座的一半，印度人称之为「霍拉」，也就是时辰。每个阳性星座的前一半属太阳，另一半即后一半属月亮；阴性星座则相反，前一半属月亮，后一半属太阳。我们的同行在这类事上从不停止另造一套、提出与之相反的东西；然而这些东西并非必要到要像分辨光明与黑暗那样把它们分开。我们所说的，之所以说，是因为它是用它的那个民族所一致认可的，而不取其余诸人的纷纷之说。

§449. What are the faces?

第四百四十九问　何谓面？

They are equal thirds of the signs. Their lords, by agreement of the Persians and the Rūm, are: the lord of the first third of Aries is Mars, of the second the Sun, and of the third Venus; and it runs on to the end of the signs in the order of the orbs, part by part.

它们是星座的均等三分。它们的主，按波斯人与鲁姆人的一致说法是：白羊第一个三分之主是火星，第二个是太阳，第三个是金星；如此按天球的次序逐份往下，直到诸星座之末。

§450. What are the images?

第四百五十问　何谓形象？

They are the faces themselves; they are called images only because each of the Rūm, the Indians and the people of Babylon mentioned images that rise in them. As for the Rūm, they mentioned what belongs specifically to them among the 48 figures imagined in the fixed stars. As for the others, they mentioned [illegible] wondrous, imaginary and strange images, which indicate that they are significations of properties of those places, needed in deducing judgement from them. We have not busied ourselves with setting them out, lest the matter become long, and because the astrological books found with us are devoid of a way to using them.

它们就是面本身；之所以称为形象，只是因为鲁姆人、印度人与巴比伦人都各自提到在其中升起的形象。至于鲁姆人，他们提到的是恒星中所想象的四十八个星座里专属于它们的那些。至于其他人，他们提到〔抄本此处字迹难辨〕奇妙、虚构而怪异的形象，表明它们是那些位置的特性的象征，在从中推出论断时需要用到。我们没有费心去列出它们，以免事情冗长，也因为我们这里现有的星占书里没有使用它们的方法。

§451. What is the darījān?

第四百五十一问　何谓德里詹？

It is the thirds of the signs according to the Indians, who call them drekkāṇa, and their lords differ with them: the first darījān of every sign belongs to its lord, the second to the lord of its fifth and the third to the lord of its ninth. In this table are the lords of the faces and of the darījān.

它是印度人所说的星座三分，他们称之为「德雷卡纳」，在他们那里各分之主不同：每个星座的第一德里詹属该座之主，第二属其第五座之主，第三属其第九座之主。这张表里是面与德里詹之主。

§452. Does Ptolemy use the thirds of the signs?

第四百五十二问　托勒密用星座的三分吗？

From experience, and from the reasonings on the signs in the changes of the airs, he obtained significations for the whole of a sign, and for each of its thirds in longitude, and for its two sides, north and south, in latitude. So when one knows the significations of the fixed stars in the air and its events, and knows its place at the times of the conjunctions and the oppositions, from which the study of the events of the atmosphere proceeds, in longitude and latitude, the signification that results from the mixing of all this with one another, then with the planets and the fixed stars that join and separate from them, will not be hidden. In this table is what Ptolemy mentioned about the faces.

他从经验，又从星座在空气变化上的推理，为整个星座、为它在黄经上的每个三分、为它在黄纬上的南北两侧，都得出了象征。所以，人若知道恒星在空气及其事件上的象征，又知道它在合朔与望——天气事件的研究由此出发——之时在黄经黄纬上的位置，那么，这一切彼此相混、再与和它们相接相离的行星与恒星相混所得的象征，就不会隐而不见。这张表里是托勒密关于面所说的。

§453. What are the terms?

第四百五十三问　何谓界？

They are unequal divisions in the signs, each division being attributed to one of the wandering planets; in Persian they are called marz. The rest disagree: some of them are attributed to the Chaldeans, who are the ancient people of Babylon; some are attributed to Asṭrāṭū; and some are attributed to the khaṭṭa of the Indians. None of these is in use in the art; their agreement is only on the terms of the Egyptians, because they are the most correct. Those who commented on the books of Ptolemy used terms that Ptolemy mentioned he had found in an ancient book, and that he set down in his book known as the Four Treatises. We set out each of the terms of the Egyptians and the terms of Ptolemy, for there is no use in mentioning others.

它们是星座中不均等的分段，每一段归于一颗游星；波斯语称为「马尔兹」。其余诸家有分歧：有些归于迦勒底人，即巴比伦的古民；有些归于阿斯特拉图；有些归于印度人的「哈塔」。这些在这门技艺中都不用；大家一致的只是埃及人的界，因为它们最正确。注释托勒密之书的人，用的是托勒密所说他在一部古书里找到、又写进他那部名为《四书》的书里的界。我们把埃及人的界与托勒密的界各列出来，因为提别的没有用处。