卷八·第 454–460 问　印度的界、九分宫、十二分部、诸度与伤目之处

§454. Which terms do the Indians use?

第四百五十四问　印度人用哪一种界？

They use, in all the male signs, one and the same [set of terms], and its reverse, in order, amount and lords, in all the female signs. They call it triṃśāṃśa, that is, the thirtieth part, because it is on an unequal division and one must count the degrees of the sign in it. In this table is what we have related from them.

他们在所有阳性星座里用同一套［界］，在所有阴性星座里用它的颠倒，次序、数量与主星都颠倒。他们称之为「特林尚沙」，即三十分之一，因为它是不均等的分法，必须在其中数星座的度数。这张表里是我们从他们那里转述的。

§455. The nuhbahr

第四百五十五问　努赫巴赫尔

It is the ninth of a sign, and the Indians call it navāṃśaka. Its force with them is very great, so much so that when its force is joined, for the place of a planet, to the force of the house, it is called vargottama, that is, the greatest fortune. We have set down in the table the ninths of the signs by signs, and the lord of the nuhbahr is the lord of that sign. The vargottama in them is, for the tropical signs, the first ninth; for the fixed, the fifth; and for the bicorporeal, the ninth. This is the doctrine of the Indians agreed upon among them. Our colleagues changed the order of their lords and put them in the order of the orbs; but it is more correct to turn away from them.

它是星座的九分之一，印度人称之为「纳湾沙卡」。它在他们那里力量极大，以至于当一颗行星所在之处的九分宫之力与庙之力合在一起时，就称为「瓦尔戈塔马」，即最大的福运。我们已在表中按星座列出诸星座的九分，努赫巴赫尔之主就是那个星座之主。其中的瓦尔戈塔马，启动星座是第一个九分，固定星座是第五个，双体星座是第九个。这是印度人中一致认可的说法。我们的同行改变了其主星的次序，把它们按天球次序排；但避开他们更为正确。

§456. What are the twelfth-parts?

第四百五十六问　何谓十二分部？

They are halves of the sixths of the signs, an equal division. Each part of them has a lord, and in every sign one begins from its beginning with its own lord: the lord of the first twelfth-part is [the lord of the sign itself], then the second belongs to the lord of the second sign, the third to the lord of the third, to the end of the signs. Multiplication is easier than division, and it is sometimes difficult for the worker to cast off the degrees, a planet for every 2½ degrees, especially because of using the fraction of a half in it. So, to make this count easy, they said: multiply what is between the beginning of the sign and the assumed degree in it by 12, and cast off the sum, 30 degrees for each sign, beginning from the sign of the assumed degree in the order of the signs; whatever sign does not have 30 degrees completed for it, its lord is the lord of the twelfth-part of that degree. This is something on which the Rūm and the Indians agree, and I wondered at our colleagues, how they did not change it and put it in the order of the orbs; and perhaps that is more tolerable than other scandals in it, which this is not the place to mention. In this table are the lords of the twelfth-parts in the signs.

它们是星座六分之一的一半，是均等的划分。每一部分各有一主，在每个星座里都从它的开头以它自己的主起算：第一个十二分部之主是［该星座本身之主］，然后第二个属第二个星座之主，第三个属第三个星座之主，直到诸星座之末。乘比除容易，而对做算的人来说，抛去度数——每二度半一颗行星——有时很难，尤其因为其中要用到半的分数。所以，为了使这个计数容易，他们说：把从星座开头到其中所设度数之间的数乘以十二，再把乘积抛去，每个星座三十度，从所设度数所在的星座起，按星座次序；哪一个星座凑不满三十度，它的主就是那一度的十二分部之主。这是鲁姆人与印度人一致的事，我奇怪我们的同行怎么没有改动它、把它按天球次序排；也许这比其中别的丑事还算可以忍受，那些丑事这里不是提的地方。这张表里是诸星座中十二分部之主。

§457. What are the masculine and the feminine degrees?

第四百五十七问　何谓阳性度与阴性度？

They differ about them a great deal, and the way of each one of them is very far from that of the other. All of it is bare of proof, or of any rule or persuasive order, and its plausibility is not apparent, nor is there any result by which one could return to verify it, except that they infer maleness and femaleness from the signs. Of those who founded an order, some shared out the degrees of the signs themselves, making one degree of every sign masculine and one feminine to the end of its degrees, the first degree of every sign being feminine and the second masculine, to the end of it. Some carried this maleness and femaleness through the divisions of the twelfth-parts instead of the single degrees, so that in every sign there should be as many males and females as there are of them in the signs of the whole orb: so they made the first 2½ degrees of every sign feminine, then the like masculine, and so to its end. Among the ancients there was one who made, in every male sign, 12½ degrees masculine and the like feminine, then 2½ degrees masculine and the like feminine; and made it the contrary in the female signs, I mean 12½ degrees of every female sign feminine, then the like masculine, then 2½ degrees feminine and the like masculine. As for what has no order, it must needs be counted out in a table, and that is the one mentioned.

他们对此分歧极大，各人的路数彼此相去极远。这全都没有证明，没有任何规则或令人信服的次序，看不出它的可信之处，也没有任何结果可以回过头来验证它，只是他们从星座推出阳性与阴性。立了次序的人当中，有的把星座本身的度数分开，使每个星座的一度阳、一度阴，直到它的度数之末，每个星座的第一度为阴，第二度为阳，直到其末。有的把这种阴阳推行到十二分部的划分上，代替单个的度数，使每个星座里阳与阴的数目，与整个天球诸星座中的数目相同：于是他们使每个星座的头二度半为阴，然后同样多为阳，如此直到其末。古人中有一位，在每个阳性星座里定十二度半为阳、同样多为阴，然后二度半为阳、同样多为阴；在阴性星座里则相反，我是说每个阴性星座的十二度半为阴，然后同样多为阳，然后二度半为阴、同样多为阳。至于没有次序的，就必须在表中逐一数出，这就是所说的那一张。

§458. What are the bright and the dark degrees?

第四百五十八问　何谓明度与暗度？

They too are without order and need to be set out in a table. They are used in recognizing colours, the beauty and ugliness of things, strength and weakness, joy, and ease, difficulty and hardship. They are found in different copies, with no way of correcting them. The bright ones have been called so; those below them, dusky, smoky and dawāt [text uncertain]; and the empty ones, void.

它们也没有次序，需要列在表中。它们用于辨认颜色、事物的美丑、强弱、欢乐，以及安易、艰难与困苦。它们见于各种不同的抄本，没有办法校正。明亮的就这样称呼；在它们之下的，称为晦暗、烟色与「达瓦特」〔原文疑有讹误〕；空的称为虚空。

§459. What are the degrees increasing fortune, and what are the wells?

第四百五十九问　何谓增福度，何谓井度？

As for those increasing fortune, they increase [it] if the lord of the turn among the two luminaries, or the degree of the ascendant, or the Lot of Fortune, happens to be in them. As for the wells (ābār), they are degrees in which a planet becomes too weak for its action, the benefic unable to confer benefit and the malefic to do harm; and so that signifies soundness. The two kinds are in this table.

至于增福度，若两光中当值的一颗、或上升点的度数、或福点恰好落在其中，它们就增加［福运］。至于井度，它们是行星在其中变得太弱、无力发挥作用的度数，吉星不能施益，凶星不能为害；所以那象征平安。这两类都在这张表里。

§460. What are the places that signify afflictions in the eye?

第四百六十问　哪些位置象征眼睛受害？

These are not connected with the signs themselves, although they have said of the two signs Libra and Scorpio that they are slaughtering, from this signification. This signification belongs to nebulous stars and to places in the figures of the fixed stars that are harmful parts of those animals. The nebulous ones are in truth four. The first of them is the one on the hand of the Bearer of the Ghoul's Head, and it is not counted in this group because of its great latitude and its distance from the passage of the planets. The second is the Manger of the Two Asses, which is on the chest of the Crab, and it is one of them. The third is the one following the Sting, among those outside the figure of the Scorpion; it is sometimes called the Sting of the Scorpion in the books of the anwāʾ, and it is one of them. The fourth is the one on the eye of the Archer. Small fixed stars, when they are gathered together, resemble the nebulous, like al-Haqʿa on the Giant, which is three stars; Ptolemy called them all together one nebulous [star]. It is not one of these, because of its great latitude. The Pleiades are like al-Haqʿa, and [illegible] of this group because of its small latitude, since the latitude of the Moon from it is small and the Sun is near it, and these two are the significators of the eyes and of the action found in them. As for the places of harm in the figures of animals, they are like the Sting of the Scorpion, the Arrow of the Archer and the Thorn of the Kid, because it is a tail like the tail of a fish. In this group they have also mentioned the hind part of the Lion, what is between the two eyes of the Scorpion, and the outpouring of the water. As for the hind part of the Lion, I do not know anything in it resembling the nebulous stars except the Braid, which is between the tail of the Lion and the Greater Bear: it is faint small stars gathered together like a cloud, interlaced in the shape of a plane-tree leaf, and it is called al-Halba, because of its great latitude in the north, double the latitude of al-Haqʿa in the south. So I do not see it counted in this group, unless there are stars in the hind part of the Lion that signify this by nature rather than by the figure; for the ferocity of the Lion is in its fangs and claws, not in its hind part. As for what is between the two eyes of the Scorpion, it is the stars from al-Iklīl to al-Qalb in its figure, scattered. As for the outpouring of the water, it is four small stars close together, which are in the first bend of the water after the beginning of the outpouring; some call it the Jar of the Water-Pourer, but there is no star on the jar; it is only one of the appurtenances of the poured-out water, like the sword of the Bearer of the Ghoul's Head, which is one of the appurtenances of his hand, which grasps in its hold a severed head, without there being any star on that sword. The people recorded the places of these stars for their own times, and more than 600 years have passed over them; so we have set them down in this table for our time, which is the year 1340 of Alexander. If their places are wanted for after this date,

这些与星座本身无关，尽管他们曾就这个象征说天秤与天蝎两座是「屠宰的」。这个象征属于云状的星，以及恒星图形中那些是这些动物的有害部分的位置。云状的星实际上有四个。第一个在持食尸鬼之头者的手上，因为它的黄纬很大、离行星的通道很远，不算在这一组里。第二个是两驴的马槽，在巨蟹的胸上，它是其中之一。第三个是跟在螫针后面的那个，在天蝎图形之外的星当中；在安瓦之书里它有时被称为天蝎的螫针，它是其中之一。第四个是在射手眼上的那个。小恒星聚在一起时也像云状的星，如巨人身上的「哈格阿」，它是三颗星；托勒密把它们合起来称为一颗云状的［星］。它不属这一组，因为它的黄纬很大。昴星团像「哈格阿」，而〔抄本此处字迹难辨〕这一组，因为它的黄纬小，月亮离它的黄纬小，太阳又靠近它，而这两者正是眼睛及其中作用的象征星。至于动物图形中的害处，如天蝎的螫针、射手的箭与摩羯的刺，因为那是一条像鱼尾的尾巴。在这一组里，他们还提到狮子的后部、天蝎两眼之间，以及水的倾泻处。至于狮子的后部，我不知道其中有什么像云状的星，除了「发辫」，它在狮子尾巴与大熊之间：那是一些暗淡的小星聚在一起像一片云，交织成悬铃木叶子的形状，被称为「哈勒巴」，因为它在北方的黄纬很大，是「哈格阿」在南方黄纬的两倍。所以我看不出它能算在这一组里，除非狮子后部有些星凭本性而非凭图形象征这个；因为狮子的凶猛在它的獠牙与爪子，不在它的后部。至于天蝎两眼之间，那是它图形中从「伊克利勒」到「盖勒卜」的星，散布着。至于水的倾泻处，那是四颗挨得很近的小星，在倾泻开始之后水流的第一道弯上；有人称之为倾水者的水罐，但罐上并没有星；它只是倾泻之水的附属物之一，就像持食尸鬼之头者的剑一样，那是他那只手的附属物之一，那只手紧握着一颗斩下的头，而那把剑上并没有星。古人按他们自己的时代记录了这些星的位置，此后已过去六百多年；所以我们按我们的时代，即亚历山大纪年一千三百四十年，把它们列在这张表里。若要求此日之后的位置，

there is added to what is in this table one degree for every 60 years, approximately, one minute for every year.

就在这张表里的数上，每六十年约加一度，即每年一分。