卷八·第 391–444 问　昼夜之主、法达、诸星所主与庙旺陷落

§391. Is there disagreement about this?

第三百九十一问　这上面有分歧吗？

The Indians make more use of this subject. They make all the 24 hours of the day, from the rising of the Sun in it to its rising [again], belong to the lord of the day; and the night, following the daytime of the day, they do not give a lord of its own. They use in it nothing but equal hours, and this is nearer to analogy. As for the astrologers in our lands, they aim at distinguishing between the lord of the daytime and the lord of the night, and they use crooked hours for it. So the lord of the night following each day is the thirteenth from the lord of the day in the descending count; and, to make it easy, it is the sixth by this count, or the third from it in the ascending count. For this reason they draw this kind of hours on the astrolabe. That is because what is far from nature is built on convention.

印度人更多地用这个题目。他们把一日的全部二十四小时，从这一日太阳升起到［再次］升起，都归于日主；跟在这一日白昼之后的夜晚，他们不另给它一个主。他们在其中只用等时，这更近于类推。至于我们这一带的星占家，他们着意区分白昼之主与夜晚之主，并为此用曲时。于是每一日之后的夜主，是从日主起按下行次序数到的第十三颗；为了简便，按这个次序它是第六颗，或按上行次序数的第三颗。因此他们在星盘上画出这一类小时。这是因为远离自然的东西是建立在约定上的。

§392. How are the climes divided among them?

第三百九十二问　诸气候带怎样在它们之间分配？

They made the first of the climes, at the equinoctial line, belong to Saturn, the highest of the planets, the first of them and the widest of them in orb; that is because the first clime is the widest of them in extent and the most fertile, and its inhabitants are of the colour attributed to Saturn and of his characters. Then Jupiter follows him, so they made the second clime his; and so on, until the seventh belongs to the Moon. Abū Maʿshar claimed that this is the view of the Persians, and that the order according to the Rūm is otherwise: the first belongs to Saturn, the second to the Sun, the third to Mercury, the fourth to Jupiter, the fifth to Venus, the sixth to the Moon and the seventh to the Moon also [sic].

他们把第一个气候带，即在赤道线上的那一带，给了土星——诸行星中最高、居首、天球最宽的一颗；这是因为第一带在幅员上最宽、最肥沃，其居民有归于土星的肤色与性情。然后木星跟着他，于是把第二带给了木星；如此类推，直到第七带属月亮。阿布·马谢尔声称，这是波斯人的说法，而按鲁姆人，次序另是一样：第一带属土星，第二带属太阳，第三带属水星，第四带属木星，第五带属金星，第六带属月亮，第七带也属月亮〔原书如此〕。

§393. What are the ascendants of countries and climes, and the lords of their hours?

第三百九十三问　诸国与诸气候带的上升点，以及它们的时辰主星是什么？

As for attributing a place to a sign and to a planet in respect of a signification in them, its source and what is relied on in it is experience. But the ascendant and the lord of the hour cannot be kept on record for a town except from the time of its building; and what town has this kept for it? Indeed, even if it were an obligation on everyone who builds a city, it would be effaced by the length of time. And grant that the matter is not as we have said for towns that are built and founded: then what reason relates them to the beginnings of the great causes, is it from the time of their digging, or from the time of the running of the water? The corruption of this is very evident [text uncertain].

至于按某种象征把一个地方归于某个星座与某颗行星，它的来源和所依靠的是经验。但一座城的上升点与时辰主星，除非从建城之时起，就无法记录在案；而哪一座城为它保存了这个呢？其实，即使这是每个建城者的义务，它也会因年深日久而湮没。就算对那些修建、奠基的城镇来说，事情不像我们所说的那样：那么，是什么理由把它们与那些大因的起始联系起来，是从开挖之时，还是从通水之时？这种说法的败坏是很明显的〔原文疑有讹误〕。

§394. What are the years of the planets?

第三百九十四问　诸行星的年是什么？

They are of four ranks: each planet has greatest, greater, middle and least years. The greatest are used for the turns of the ages, and some claim that in past aeons, at the time of long lives, the planets used to give them to individuals. The other three sorts are used now for the lives of the natives of our time, in extracting the times and for the limits [text uncertain]. They are not used as years in themselves, but as absolute numbers; sometimes they are months, or weeks, or days, or hours.

它们分为四等：每颗行星都有最大年、大年、中年与小年。最大年用于诸时代的轮转，有人声称在过去的诸纪元、人寿长久之时，诸行星曾把它们给予个人。其余三种如今用于我们这个时代的本命者的寿数，用于推求时期，也用于界〔原文疑有讹误〕。它们不作为年数本身来用，而是作为纯粹的数：有时是月，或周，或日，或小时。

§395. What are the firdārs of the planets?

第三百九十五问　诸行星的法达是什么？

They are among the opinions of the Persians. The native is under the management of the lord of the firdār for the period of its years, then passes to the one that follows it. The beginning of them, in diurnal nativities, is from the Sun, and in nocturnal ones from the Moon, and it continues in the order of the orbs, descending. Then the years of the firdār of a planet are divided among the planets in seven equal [parts], so that the first of them belongs to the lord of the firdār itself, and then follows the one next below it in the order of the orbs.

它们属于波斯人的说法。本命者在法达之主的管理之下，度过它的年数，然后转到其后的一颗。它们的开端，昼生的本命从太阳起，夜生的从月亮起，按天球的次序往下排。然后一颗行星的法达年数，在诸行星之间分成七等份，第一份属法达之主本身，然后是天球次序上紧在它下面的那一颗。

§396. [The natures of the planets; their beneficence and maleficence, their maleness and femaleness, their being diurnal and nocturnal; and their significations of tastes, odours and colours]

第三百九十六问　［诸星的性质；吉与凶，阳与阴，属昼与属夜；所主的味、气与色］

§402. [The general significations of the planets; their constitutions and shapes, their days, their climes and the kinds of land that belong to them]

第四百零二问　［诸星总的所主；体质与形状，所主之日、所主的气候带与地类］

§407. [The places that belong to them, and the dwellings that belong to them]

第四百零七问　［所主的地方与居处］

§409. [The minerals, the metals and gems, and the grains and fruits that belong to them]

第四百零九问　［所主的矿物、金属与宝石，以及谷物与果实］

§412. [The trees and the plants that belong to them]

第四百一十二问　［所主的树木与植物］

§414. [The foods and medicines that belong to them in general, and their furnishings, conditions and powers]

第四百一十四问　［总的所主饮食与药物，以及器物、情状与诸力］

§418. [Their signification of quadrupeds]

第四百一十八问　［所主的四足兽］

§419. [Their signification of birds; the elements and humours, the things in the body of man and the principal organs that belong to them]

第四百一十九问　［所主的鸟类；所主的元素与体液、人身之物与主要器官］

§423. What belongs to them in the head?

第四百二十三问　它们在头部主什么？

§424. What belongs to them of the senses?

第四百二十四问　它们在感官上主什么？

§425. What belongs to them of the members of the body?

第四百二十五问　它们在身体肢体上主什么？

§426. Their signification of the ages

第四百二十六问　它们对年龄的所主

§427. What belongs to them of mankind and of kinship

第四百二十七问　它们在人与亲属上主什么

§428. Their signification of appearance and forms

第四百二十八问　它们对外貌与形相的所主

§429. What belongs to them of characters

第四百二十九问　它们所主的性情

§430. What belongs to them of actions, instincts and characters

第四百三十问　它们所主的行为、本能与性情

§431. What illnesses and diseases are attributed to them

第四百三十一问　归于它们的病痛与疾病

§432. Their signification of the classes of people

第四百三十二问　它们对人群阶层的所主

§433. Their signification of religions

第四百三十三问　它们对宗教的所主

§434. The forms in which they are pictured

第四百三十四问　它们被描绘成的形象

§435. Their signification of the crafts

第四百三十五问　它们对手艺的所主

§436. The light, in front and behind

第四百三十六问　前后的光

§437. Their years

第四百三十七问　它们的年数

§438. By day and by night

第四百三十八问　昼与夜

§439. Their firdārs, the period of partnership

第四百三十九问　它们的法达与合伙的期限

Let us now speak of the partnerships of the planets in the signs and the shares (ḥuẓūẓ) that they have in them.

现在让我们讲诸行星在星座中的合伙，以及它们在其中所有的份额。

§440. What are the houses of the planets?

第四百四十问　何谓诸行星的庙？

The orb has been divided into two halves. One of them, from the beginning of Leo to the end of Capricorn, has been given to the Sun, with its house at the beginning of it, which is the sign Leo; and the other half, from the beginning of Aquarius to the end of Cancer, to the Moon, with its house at the end of it, which is the sign Cancer. Since the rest of the planets have retrogradation and direct motion in their course, each of them has been given a house in the half of the Sun and a house in the half of the Moon, on the two sides of their houses. A beginning was made with the planet that does not go far from the Sun, which is Mercury: they gave him Virgo and Gemini, adjoining the houses of the two luminaries. Then the rest of the planets follow in the order of the orbs from below upward. So Libra and Taurus became the houses of Venus, Scorpio and Aries the houses of Mars, Sagittarius and Pisces the houses of Jupiter, and Capricorn and Aquarius the houses of Saturn, according to this figure.

天球被分成两半。其中一半，从狮子之首到摩羯之末，给了太阳，他的庙在这一半的开头，即狮子座；另一半，从水瓶之首到巨蟹之末，给了月亮，她的庙在这一半的末尾，即巨蟹座。由于其余诸行星在运行中有逆行与顺行，它们每一颗都在太阳的一半里得一个庙，在月亮的一半里得一个庙，分在两光之庙的两侧。从不远离太阳的那颗行星，即水星开始：给了他处女与双子，紧挨着两光之庙。然后其余诸行星按天球次序由下往上跟着：于是天秤与金牛成了金星之庙，天蝎与白羊成了火星之庙，射手与双鱼成了木星之庙，摩羯与水瓶成了土星之庙，如这张图所示。

§441. Is the condition of a planet the same in its two houses?

第四百四十一问　一颗行星在它的两个庙里情形相同吗？

One of its two houses is more agreeable to it, so that it is said to rejoice in it, by reason of agreement in nature and in maleness and femaleness. As for the Sun and the Moon, they have only one house, agreeing with them in nature. As for the rest: Virgo is more agreeable to Mercury than Gemini, Taurus to Venus, Aries to Mars, Sagittarius to Jupiter and Aquarius to Saturn. The Indians have a view on this that comes near to it in one place and differs from it in another: namely that Aries [belongs to Mars], Taurus to the Moon [corrected: MS has 'Aries and Taurus to the Moon'], Leo to the Sun, Virgo to Mercury, Libra to Venus, Sagittarius to Jupiter and Aquarius to Saturn, as most agreeable of all the rest; they call it mūlatrikoṇa, and the planet has in it a testimony in excess of [text uncertain]

它两个庙中有一个更合它意，因而说它在其中喜乐，这是由于本性相合、阴阳相合。至于太阳与月亮，它们只有一个庙，与它们的本性相合。至于其余：处女比双子更合水星，金牛更合金星，白羊更合火星，射手更合木星，水瓶更合土星。印度人对此有一种看法，在一处与此相近，在另一处与此不同，即：白羊［属火星］，金牛属月亮〔抄本作「白羊与金牛属月亮」，据文义改正〕，狮子属太阳，处女属水星，天秤属金星，射手属木星，水瓶属土星，是在其余诸座之中最合意的；他们称之为「穆拉特里科纳」，行星在其中有一份见证，多于〔原文疑有讹误〕

§442. What is detriment?

第四百四十二问　何谓陷？

Every sign that is opposite the house of a planet is its detriment (wabāl) and weakness. The Indians know the house as house but do not know detriment. Just as we have drawn a figure for the houses, we draw one like it for the detriments, so that it may be easy to picture and to remember; and this is the figure.

凡与一颗行星之庙相对的星座，就是它的陷与衰弱之处。印度人知道庙为庙，却不知道陷。正如我们为庙画了一张图，我们也为陷画一张同样的图，使它易于想象、易于记忆；这就是那张图。

§443. What are the exaltation of the planets and their fall?

第四百四十三问　何谓诸行星的旺与落？

They are signs that stand for a planet in the place of glory for a king, in which it becomes renowned and rises high; or in them there are known degrees to which the exaltation is attributed. Some of the practitioners of the art put the exaltation of a planet in the degree itself only; some make it certain assumed degrees before the degree of exaltation; some make the exaltation from the beginning of the sign to the degree of exaltation; and some make the whole sign its exaltation, the degree being its extreme. These are the signs of the exaltations and their degrees according to what the Persians and the Greeks hold.

它们是对一颗行星而言、相当于国王的荣耀之位的星座，行星在其中声名显赫、地位高升；或者其中有一些已知的度数，旺就归于这些度数。这门技艺的行家中，有人把行星的旺只放在那一度本身；有人把它定为旺度之前若干假定的度数；有人把旺定为从星座之首到旺度；还有人把整个星座都当作它的旺，那一度是它的极点。以下是按波斯人与希腊人所持的旺之星座及其度数。

The fall of the planets is in the signs that are opposite their exaltations, in the like of the degrees mentioned; in them the planet becomes obscure and its condition is corrupted.

诸行星的落在与它们的旺相对的星座，在与上述相同的度数上；行星在其中变得暗淡，情形败坏。

§444. Is there disagreement about the exaltations?

第四百四十四问　关于旺有分歧吗？

As for the signs, no; but as for the degrees, the Indians are agreed that the exaltation of the Sun is in 10 degrees of Aries, the exaltation of Jupiter in 5 degrees of Cancer, and the exaltation of Saturn in 20 degrees of Libra. Then they agree in what remains; and they make no mention of the Head and the Tail, and that is right.

就星座而言，没有；但就度数而言，印度人一致认为太阳的旺在白羊十度，木星的旺在巨蟹五度，土星的旺在天秤二十度。然后其余的他们都同意；他们也不提龙头与龙尾，这是对的。