卷八·第 383–390 问　交点、阴阳昼夜、象征之变与时辰主星

§383. Do the Head and the Tail have any part in this?

第三百八十三问　龙头与龙尾在这上面有份吗？

Some people attribute natures to the Head and the Tail, making the Head hot and benefic, signifying increase, and the Tail cold and malefic, signifying decrease. For this reason the people of Babylon claimed that the Head is benefic with the benefics and malefic with the malefics, because it increases their signification for them. Not every mind accepts this, for it is built on a far-fetched comparison.

有些人给龙头与龙尾配上性质，把龙头当作热而吉、主增加，把龙尾当作冷而凶、主减少。因此巴比伦人声称，龙头与吉星同则吉，与凶星同则凶，因为它为它们增加它们的象征。并非每个心智都接受这一点，因为它建立在牵强的比附上。

§384. Do the Indians have a view on this?

第三百八十四问　印度人对此有看法吗？

In their view the malefics without qualification are Saturn, Mars, the Sun and the Head, and they do not mention the Tail at all; and the benefics without qualification are Jupiter and Venus. As for Mercury, he is benefic with the benefics and malefic with the malefics. As for the Moon, some of them say that she is benefic when her light increases and malefic when her light decreases; and some of them say that in the first ten days of the lunar month she is neither benefic nor malefic, in the middle ten benefic, and in the last malefic.

在他们看来，无条件的凶星是土星、火星、太阳与龙头，他们根本不提龙尾；无条件的吉星是木星与金星。至于水星，他与吉星同则吉，与凶星同则凶。至于月亮，他们有些人说她光增时为吉，光减时为凶；有些人说在太阴月的头十天她不吉也不凶，中间十天吉，最后十天凶。

§385. Which of them are male and which female?

第三百八十五问　其中哪些是阳性，哪些是阴性？

The three upper planets, together with the Sun, are male, Saturn among them being like a eunuch; Venus and the Moon are female; and Mercury is male with the males and female with the females, and so he is like a hermaphrodite, although maleness is in his essence when he is alone by himself. Some people went so far as to make Mars feminine, but their saying has not been adopted.

三颗上行星连同太阳是阳性，其中土星像个阉人；金星与月亮是阴性；水星与阳性者同为阳，与阴性者同为阴，所以他像个两性人，尽管他单独时，本质上是阳性。有人甚至把火星当作阴性，但他们的说法没有被采纳。

§386. Which of them are diurnal and which nocturnal?

第三百八十六问　其中哪些属昼，哪些属夜？

Saturn, Jupiter and the Sun are diurnal, being strengthened by it [the day]; Mars, Venus and the Moon nocturnal; and Mercury diurnal and nocturnal together, according to the planet or sign he mixes with: with every planet he changes his form, and he is helped by it, the diurnal by the diurnal and the nocturnal by the nocturnal. The Sun is [the lord] of the turn of the daytime and the Moon the lord of the turn of the night, because the action of each of them appears in its turn; and every planet that is not above the earth in its turn has its action hidden, not apparent. Some of these people added maleness to the Head and made it diurnal, and femaleness to the Tail and made it nocturnal; but there is no analogy for this that can be relied on as sound.

土星、木星、太阳属昼，因［白昼］而得力；火星、金星、月亮属夜；水星则昼夜兼属，视他所混合的行星或星座而定：他随每一颗行星改变形相，并得它相助，昼星助昼，夜星助夜。太阳是白昼轮值的［主］，月亮是夜晚轮值之主，因为它们各自的作用在自己的轮值中显现；凡在自己的轮值中不在地平之上的行星，它的作用都是隐蔽的，不显露。这些人中有人给龙头加上阳性，把它当作属昼，给龙尾加上阴性，把它当作属夜；但这没有可以信为可靠的类推。

§387. Do the significations of the planets remain in one state?

第三百八十七问　诸行星的象征保持在同一状态吗？

No; they change according to their being in the signs, and with others of the planets, fixed and wandering, and in their aspects, and according to their conditions and their positions with respect to the Sun and its rays, near and far: Saturn is dry when he ascends and moist when he descends. Then one and the same condition that a planet itself signifies comes about by way of good fortune and by way of misery. For example, Saturn, when he signifies the working of lands: if he is under the conditions of strength, the native settles into the life of a dihqān (landed gentleman) and what goes with it, and gathers wealth from it; but if he is under their contrary, he works the lands with toil and weariness by way of tilling, and his misery in it lasts without gain. We gather what is said of the significations in the books and set it down in the table.

不；它们随所在的星座而变，随与其他恒星、行星同在而变，随它们的相位而变，也随它们的情形以及相对于太阳和日光的远近位置而变：土星上升时干，下降时湿。再者，同一种情形，一颗行星本身所主的，会以幸运的方式出现，也会以困苦的方式出现。例如土星，当他主耕作田地时：如果他处于有力的情形下，本命者就安居于迪赫坎（有地乡绅）的生活及其所附带的一切，并由此积聚财富；但如果他处于相反的情形下，他就以犁耕的方式辛苦疲惫地耕作田地，他在其中的困苦长久持续而无所得。我们把书中所说的诸象征汇集起来，列在表里。

§388. Why is one and the same thing that is signified repeated among the planets, and why is there disagreement about some of it?

第三百八十八问　为什么同一件被象征之物在诸行星之间重复出现，为什么其中有些会有分歧？

The root of this is the weakness of the foundations and the unsteadiness of their analogies. The practitioners of the art agreed among themselves to distribute colours, odours, tastes, properties, actions and characters among the planets according to their natures and their beneficence and maleficence; then they attributed the existing things to them in that measure, and in the measure of the times in which they come into being or are used. Seldom does one planet alone signify a thing; rather two planets or more share in it, through two manifest qualities being found in it that are attributed to two planets: as with honey, in which Mars shares by its heat and Venus by its moisture; and as with barberry (amīrbārīs), in which Saturn shares by its coldness and Mercury by its dryness. So when some of them attribute it to Saturn, it is because of the cold, and when another attributes it to Mercury, it is because of the dryness. These people have no rule in this subject that is free of disagreement; what is in their books is even contradictory. Sometimes several planets share in one thing, through several qualities and properties. And there are things that one planet signifies, and then the rest share with it in their species: as Venus, which signifies the sweet-scented herbs (rayāḥīn) as a whole because of the goodness of their scents; then Mars shares with her in the rose, because of the thorns on its bush, the redness of its colour and the sharpness in its scent that brings on catarrh; Jupiter shares with her in the narcissus, Saturn in the myrtle, the Sun in the water-lily (nīlūfar), Mercury in the basil (shāhisfaram) and the Moon in the violet. In the same way the planets divide among them the parts of a thing. Its example is in one particular tree: its trunk belongs to the Sun, its roots to Saturn, its thorns, branches and bark to Mars, its oil to Venus, the fruit to Jupiter, its leaves to the Moon and its seed to Mercury. They also divide the parts of one thing other than what we have mentioned in the tree, as the melon, for example: its body belongs to the Sun; its flesh and its juice to the Moon; the rind to Saturn; the scent and the colour to Venus; the taste to Jupiter; the seeds to Mercury; and the husk of the seeds and its shape to Mars.

这的根源在于基础薄弱、类推不稳。这门技艺的行家们彼此约定，把颜色、气味、味道、特性、作用与性情，按诸行星的本性及其吉凶分配给它们；然后按这个尺度，又按事物产生或被使用的时节，把现存的事物归于它们。很少有一颗行星单独主一样东西；而是两颗或更多行星分有它，因为在它身上可以见到两种显明的性质，分别归于两颗行星：如蜂蜜，火星以其热分有它，金星以其湿分有它；又如伏牛花，土星以其冷分有它，水星以其干分有它。所以当有人把它归于土星，是因为冷；另一人把它归于水星，是因为干。这些人在这个题目上没有一条免于分歧的规则；他们书里所写的甚至自相矛盾。有时好几颗行星凭几种性质与特性分有一样东西。也有些东西是一颗行星主的，然后其余行星在其品种上与它分有：如金星，因为香草气味美好而主全部香草；然后火星在玫瑰上与她分有，因为玫瑰枝上的刺、它颜色的红，以及它气味中引起鼻黏膜炎的辛烈；木星在水仙上与她分有，土星在桃金娘上，太阳在睡莲上，水星在罗勒上，月亮在紫罗兰上。同样，诸行星也在它们之间分配一样东西的各部分。它的例子是某一棵树：它的树干属太阳，根属土星，刺、枝与树皮属火星，它的油属金星，果实属木星，叶属月亮，种子属水星。它们也分配我们在树上提到的以外的某一样东西的各部分，例如甜瓜：它的瓜体属太阳；瓜肉与瓜汁属月亮；瓜皮属土星；香气与颜色属金星；味道属木星；瓜子属水星；瓜子的外壳与它的形状属火星。

§389. What is their signification of the directions?

第三百八十九问　它们在方位上主什么？

I have not seen a rule for this in the introductions, except what al-Tabrīzī mentioned in the Book of Nativities about the directions of the triplicities: that Saturn signifies the east, Mars the west, Venus the south and Jupiter the north. But the Indians attribute the directions according to their azimuths, where Mercury and Jupiter are [strong] in the ascendant, the Sun and Mars in the tenth, Saturn in the seventh, and Venus and the Moon in the fourth [corrected: MS has Saturn, Venus and the Moon in the fourth]. This requires that the east be attributed to Mercury and Jupiter [corrected: MS has Mercury and Mars], and the north to Venus and the Moon. They also have an octagonal figure attributed to the Head, which they use in elections for contests and gambling: in it they put the Sun on the east, Jupiter on the south, Mars on what is between them, the Moon on what is between the south and the west, Saturn on what is between the west and the north, Mercury on the north and Venus on what is between it and the east; and on the west they put nothing.

我在入门书里没有见过这方面的规则，只有塔布里齐在《本命之书》里就三方的方位所提到的：土星主东方，火星主西方，金星主南方，木星主北方。但印度人按诸行星的方位角来分配方位，水星与木星在上升点［有力］，太阳与火星在第十宫，土星在第七宫，金星与月亮在第四宫〔抄本作土星、金星与月亮在第四宫，据算改正〕。这就要求把东方归于水星与木星〔抄本作水星与火星，据算改正〕，把北方归于金星与月亮。他们还有一个归于龙头的八角图，用在比赛与赌博的择时上：其中他们把太阳放在东方，木星放在南方，火星放在两者之间，月亮放在南与西之间，土星放在西与北之间，水星放在北方，金星放在北与东之间；西方则什么也不放。

§390. How are the days divided among them?

第三百九十问　诸日如何在它们之间分配？

Begin with the first hour of the first of the days, which is Sunday, [giving it] to the planet that is the nearest cause of day and night and their driver, which is the Sun. Then the second hour [goes] to the planet that follows it in the order of the orbs from the top downward, which is Venus; the third hour to Mercury, the fourth to the Moon, the fifth to Saturn, and so on in sequence to the second day, which is Monday; and the turn of its first hour has fallen to the Moon, and the second to Saturn; and so on in this manner to the coming Sunday, when the turn of its first hour has returned to the Sun. By this the lords of the hours are known, and every day is attributed to the planet that has its first hour. Some people attributed the odd hours to maleness and the even ones to femaleness, and so made the first hour of every day masculine, the second feminine, the third masculine, and continued thus to the completion of the hours of the day.

从第一日即星期日的第一小时开始，把它［交给］那颗作为昼夜最近之因、驱动昼夜的行星，即太阳。然后第二小时［交给］按天球次序从上往下紧随其后的那颗行星，即金星；第三小时交给水星，第四交给月亮，第五交给土星，如此依次到第二日，即星期一；它的第一小时的轮值落到了月亮，第二小时落到了土星；照这个方式一直到下一个星期日，它的第一小时的轮值又回到了太阳。由此可以知道诸时辰主星，每一日归属于掌有它第一小时的那颗行星。有些人把奇数小时归于阳性，把偶数小时归于阴性，于是把每一日的第一小时定为阳性，第二为阴性，第三为阳性，如此继续直到这一日的诸小时完毕。