卷八·第一至三章　两个仪表的构造与定上升度数

THE ANTHOLOGIES OF VETTIUS VALENS OF ANTIOCH, BOOK VIII

安条克的维蒂乌斯·瓦伦斯《选集》第八卷

I. The Construction of the First Instrument.

第一章　第一仪表的构造。

The first instrument has its construction from degree 1 to degree 6 as follows [corrected: Kroll prints 9]. Beside degree 1 of Libra is set the number 2, beside degree 2, 4, beside 3, 6, beside 4, 8, beside 5, 10, beside 6, 12, that is, an increment of 2 degrees; then from degree 7 comes the loosing of a bond, an increment by the addition of 14 degrees, and there come to be at degree 7, 26 degrees, at degree 8, 28, at degree 9, 30, at 10, 2, at 11, 4, at 12, 6. Then again the addition of a bond, 14 degrees, and there come to be at degree 13, 20, at degree 14, 22, at degree 15, 24, at degree 16, 26, at degree 17, 28, at degree 18, 30. Then the addition of a bond, 14 degrees, and there come to be 44 degrees, from which, subtracting the 30, 14 remain; these will be at degree 19, at 20, 16, at 21, 18, at 22, 20, at 23, 22, at 24, 24. And again the addition of a bond, 14 degrees, and there come to be 38, from which, subtracting the 30, 8 remain; these will be at 25, at 26, 10, at 27, 12, at 28, 14, at 29, 16, at 30, 18. So every 6 degrees there will be the loosing of a bond, the 14 degrees being added, and in succession the 2 of the increment, in all the signs. Libra, then, will have 2 set beside degree 1 and 18 beside degree 30. In the same way Leo and Pisces have been laid out in the instrument with the same numbers as Libra. Then, next in order, Scorpio will have 14 at degree 1, and, the 2 of the increment being added, there will come to be 24 by degree 6; and likewise, the bonds being loosed, it will have 30 set beside degree 30. Aries and Virgo will have the same numbers. In order to show the construction more concisely, so that some may also remember the whole instrument, we reckon by addition thus: at the first degree of Libra it has 2 set beside it; to these I added the 12 of the circle, and they come to 14. These Scorpio will have at degree 1. Again I added the 14 to the 12, and they come to 26; these Sagittarius will have at degree 1. And so in succession, adding 12 each time, we shall find the numbers set beside degree 1 of the following sign; adding the 12 to these and loosing the bonds by the addition of the 14 degrees, we shall put together the whole instrument. As many, then, as Sagittarius has set beside it, so many also does Taurus; as many as Aquarius, so many also Cancer; as many as Capricorn, so many also Gemini. And among these there will be equivalence and mutual connection, but a difference on account of the inequalities of the rising times. This instrument also has the years set beside the numbers and the degrees, for the sake of example. Those who have understanding will find easy to grasp the precision for each clime and the changes of the places.

第一仪表从第一度到第六度有这样的构造〔据算改正：Kroll 本作第九度〕。天秤第一度旁列着数二，第二度旁四，第三度旁六，第四度旁八，第五度旁十，第六度旁十二，就是每度递增二度；然后从第七度起是结的解除，递增变为加上十四度，于是在第七度成为二十六度，在第八度二十八，在第九度三十，在第十度二，在第十一度四，在第十二度六。然后又加上一个结，十四度，于是在第十三度成为二十，在第十四度二十二，在第十五度二十四，在第十六度二十六，在第十七度二十八，在第十八度三十。然后加上一个结，十四度，成为四十四度，从中减去三十，余十四；这些将在第十九度，在第二十度十六，在第二十一度十八，在第二十二度二十，在第二十三度二十二，在第二十四度二十四。又加上一个结，十四度，成为三十八，从中减去三十，余八；这些将在第二十五度，在第二十六度十，在第二十七度十二，在第二十八度十四，在第二十九度十六，在第三十度十八。所以每六度就有一次结的解除，加上十四度，接着是递增的二，在所有星座中都是这样。所以，天秤将在第一度旁列二，在第三十度旁列十八。同样，狮子与双鱼在仪表中也以与天秤相同的数排列。然后，依次，天蝎在第一度将有十四，加上递增的二，到第六度将成为二十四；同样，解开诸结，它在第三十度旁将列着三十。白羊与处女将有相同的数。为了更简明地展示这构造，好让有些人也能记住整个仪表，我们这样用加法推算：天秤第一度旁列着二；我在这上面加上圆的十二，得十四。这是天蝎在第一度将有的。我再把十四加上十二，得二十六；这是射手在第一度将有的。就这样依次，每次加十二，我们就会找到下一个星座第一度旁所列的数；把十二加到这些上，并借加上十四度解开诸结，我们就会拼出整个仪表。所以，射手旁列多少，金牛也列多少；水瓶多少，巨蟹也多少；摩羯多少，双子也多少。它们之间会有相等与相互的联系，但因上升时间的不等而有差别。这个仪表还在数与度旁列着年份，作为例子。有悟性的人会觉得每个气候带的精确与诸位置的变化容易把握。

II. The Natural Construction of the Second Instrument.

第二章　第二仪表的自然构造。

Since the arrangement of the instrument has been set out, I have found it necessary to append also the method of the construction. The addition of the bonds, that is, the 14, signifies the lights of the Moon, and the two of the increment the digits of the Sun. Twice 14 makes 28, the circle of the Moon. Since, then, 2 are set beside degree 1 of Libra, from these I subtracted 1°40'; there remain 0°20', which is a third magnitude. These times 60 make 108 [text uncertain]; these I resolve down to the sixtieths, and they make ten thousand eight hundred. These I make 540 into one and a half circles, and they come to 0°20'; these will be set beside degree 1 of Libra; three times these make 60, which is one year. We shall arrange the remaining years as well in this way, adding 2°20' for each year. There will be, then, at degree 2 of Libra 2°40', at 3, 5°0', at 4, 7°20', at 5, 9°40', at 6, 12°0'. Then, at the bond, adding the 14 lights of the Moon to the 12°0', we shall have 26°0'; from these we subtracted 1°40', and there will remain at degree 7, 24°20'. At degree 8 we shall return again to adding 2°20', and there will be 26°40', at 9, 29°0', at 10, 1°20', at 11, 3°40', at 12, 6°0'. So at the bonds and at the first numbers one must subtract 1°40', and at the increment add 2°20'; and one must manage the remaining signs in the same way. Just as with the first instrument we find the number set beside degree 1 of the following sign, so we shall find it with the second instrument as well.

既然仪表的安排已经列出，我觉得也必须附上构造的方法。结的加数，就是十四，象征月亮的光，递增的二象征太阳的指。二乘十四得二十八，是月亮的圆。既然天秤第一度旁列着二，我从中减去一度四十分；余下零度二十分，这是第三个大小。这些乘以六十得一百零八〔原文疑有讹误〕；这些我化到六十分之一，得一万零八百。这些我按五百四十化为一个半圆，得零度二十分；这些将列在天秤第一度旁；它的三倍得六十，就是一年。其余的年份我们也这样排列，每一年加二度二十分。所以，在天秤第二度将是二度四十分，在第三度五度零分，在第四度七度二十分，在第五度九度四十分，在第六度十二度零分。然后，在结处，把月亮的十四个光加到十二度零分上，我们会有二十六度零分；从中我们减去一度四十分，在第七度将余二十四度二十分。在第八度我们又回到加二度二十分，将是二十六度四十分，在第九度二十九度零分，在第十度一度二十分，在第十一度三度四十分，在第十二度六度零分。所以在诸结处与在最初的数处，必须减去一度四十分，在递增处加二度二十分；其余诸星座也必须同样处理。正如用第一仪表我们找到下一个星座第一度旁所列的数，用第二仪表我们也会这样找到它。

III. The Construction of the Ascendant Degree for the Two Instruments Set Out Above.

第三章　为上面列出的两个仪表构造上升的度数。

Before all else, having fixed the degree of the Sun precisely, one will need to examine the preceding conjunction, if the nativity happens to be conjunctional: when it took place, at which hour, and at which degree of the sign; and thus, taking from it up to the day and hour of birth the resulting number of days and hours, one estimates what fraction it is of the time from conjunction to full moon, that is, of the 15 days, and casts this out from the magnitude of the Sun's degree for those born by day, but by night from the degree in opposition; the remainder one should take as the fraction of the hour. Or otherwise, counting from the Sun's degree to the Moon's and taking one twelfth of these, one examines what fraction it is of the 15, and, subtracting so many from the magnitude, takes the remainder as the fraction of the hour. If, then, the 4th hour is given, we reckon 3 hours and the fraction; for not all can be born at completed hours. Hence twins too have a great difference, according to the changes of the hours, of the signs, and of the bonds; for it happens that one is short-lived or dies at once, and the other long-lived, when the hour falls out from a bond or into a bond. If the Moon is moving away from the full moon, one must reckon and make the fraction in the same way; but when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction, or she is in the full-moon sign and not yet 2 or 3 degrees distant from the Sun, the hour will be judged full. However many degrees she stands off, that will be the fraction, that is, the illumination of the Moon, according as it happens to be from conjunction or from full moon. And if ever the hour does not agree with the sect, by running back one degree or else adding one we shall find the error of the one who gave the hour, and especially in the case of the dead; for from these one can find the years of the living as well. Hence one must not approach the inquiry carelessly, but declare knowledgeably after working with all precision. One must examine whether the interval is to be taken from the conjunctional day and degree up to the day of birth, that is, up to the Moon's degree, or from the Sun's degree to the Moon's, or from the illumination, that is, from the degree in opposition to the Sun up to the full moon.

最要紧的是，精确地定下太阳的度数之后，需要审视前一次合朔，若本命恰好是合朔之命：它在何时、在哪个时辰、在星座的哪一度发生；这样，从它取到出生的日与时，得出日与时的数目，估计它是从合朔到满月那段时间即十五日的几分之几，对白天出生的人，从太阳那一度的大小中去掉它，对夜里出生的，则从对面的那一度中去掉；余下的应当取作时辰的分数。或者另外，从太阳的度数数到月亮的度数，取其十二分之一，审视它是十五的几分之几，从大小中减去那么多之后，把余数取作时辰的分数。所以，若给出的是第四小时，我们推算三小时加一个分数；因为不是所有人都能在整的时辰出生。因此双生子也有很大的差别，按时辰、星座与诸结的变化；因为常有一个短命或立刻死去，另一个长寿，当时辰从一个结落出或落进一个结时。若月亮正离开满月，就必须同样推算并作出分数；但当太阳与月亮在合朔，或她在满月的星座里而离太阳还不到二三度时，时辰就会被判为整的。她离开多少度，那就是分数，即月亮的照亮，按它恰好是从合朔还是从满月而来。若时辰与诸方不合，我们就往回退一度，或者再加一度，会找到给出时辰的人的错误，尤其在死者的情形中；因为从这些也可以找到生者的年数。所以不可草率地进行探究，而要以一切精确工作之后，有知识地宣告。必须审视，间隔是要从合朔的日与度取到出生之日，即到月亮的度数，还是从太阳的度数到月亮的，还是从照亮，即从与太阳相对的那一度，到满月。

For the sake of example, let the Sun be in Taurus 3°, the Moon in Aries 2°. The interval from the Sun to the Moon comes to 329, which are 27 lunar days, and from the conjunctional day to the Moon's it is 29 days. I subtracted the conjunctional days up to the full moon, which are 15 days; there remain 14 days; these I multiply by 12, and they come to 168. The interval from the degree in opposition to the Sun, from Scorpio 3°, to the Moon's degree comes to 149 degrees; and the 168 exceed the 149 by 19 degrees; for one must reckon the numbers as equal. The distance, then, will be taken not from the conjunctional day and degree but from the next, that is, from the illumination of the full moon. One must therefore subtract from the magnitude what seems to be the excess, the 19 degrees, which is 1½ lunar days. If, then, we subtract the 1½ days from the 14, there will remain 12½, as many as there are from the degree in opposition to the Sun up to the Moon's. And since the interval from the Moon's degree itself to the coming conjunction is 32 degrees, which is 2½ lunar days, if we add these to the 12½, the circle will be filled at 15 [text uncertain]; for the conjunctional circle of the Moon is 29 days, the circuit circle 27 1/3 days, and the anomalistic 27½.

为了举例，设太阳在金牛三度，月亮在白羊二度。从太阳到月亮的间隔合得三百二十九，即二十七个月亮日，而从合朔之日到月亮的是二十九日。我减去从合朔到满月的日数，即十五日；余十四日；这些我乘以十二，得一百六十八。从与太阳相对的那一度，即天蝎三度，到月亮的度数的间隔合得一百四十九度；一百六十八比一百四十九多十九度；因为必须把这些数算作相等。所以，距离将不从合朔之日与度取，而从下一个，即从满月的照亮取。所以必须从大小中减去看来多出的部分，即十九度，也就是一个半月亮日。所以，若我们从十四中减去一个半日，将余十二个半，正是从与太阳相对的那一度到月亮那一度的日数。既然从月亮那一度本身到即将来到的合朔的间隔是三十二度，即两个半月亮日，若我们把这些加到十二个半上，圆将在十五满〔原文疑有讹误〕；因为月亮的合朔圆是二十九日，周行圆是二十七又三分之一日，近点圆是二十七又二分之一日。

Otherwise. Having reckoned the interval from the conjunction to the Moon, or that from the full moon to the Moon, if it is found within 180 degrees, use the method shown; but if it is beyond 180 degrees, subtract the 180 and compare the remainder, to see what fraction it is of the course, and cast this out of the magnitude of the hour.

另外。推算了从合朔到月亮的间隔，或从满月到月亮的间隔之后，若它在一百八十度之内，就用已显示的方法；但若超过一百八十度，就减去一百八十，比较余数，看它是这段行程的几分之几，把它从时辰的大小中去掉。

Otherwise. We have also found the magnitude another way, multiplying by twelve the magnitude set beside the Sun's degree, or by night the degree in opposition. We shall multiply these again by the given hours of the birth and, casting out 360s, take the remainder as the horoscopic gnomon. Then, taking the interval from the Sun to the Moon by rising time, compare it with the first, horoscopic gnomon: if the solar gnomon is greater, add to the hour; if less, subtract. One must add or subtract as much as the excess of the solar magnitude indicates; for the complete figure will be grasped before the comparison from the addition and subtraction made for the hour or for the fraction of an hour.

另外。我们还用另一种方式找到了大小，把太阳那一度旁所列的大小乘以十二，夜里则用对面那一度。我们再把这些乘以给出的出生时辰，去掉若干个三百六十，把余数取作上升晷针。然后，按上升时间取从太阳到月亮的间隔，把它与第一个即上升晷针比较：若太阳晷针较大，就加到时辰上；若较小，就减去。必须按太阳之大小的超出所显示的那么多来加或减；因为完整的图形会在比较之前，从为时辰或时辰的分数所作的加减中把握。