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《占星四书》 · 卷三

卷三·第八章 论畸形

两光与上升点无关、凶星隔断四角,又与前一次朔望无关时,主畸形;类别看两光所在星座的形状与作证之星。

The subject of monsters is not foreign to the present inquiry; for, in the first place, in such cases the luminaries are found to be as far as possible removed from the horoscope or in no way related to it, and the angles are separated by the maleficent planets. Whenever, then, such a disposition is observed, for it frequently occurs in humble and unlucky nativities, even though they are not the genitures of monsters, one should look at once for the last preceding new or full moon, and the lord of this and of the luminaries of the birth.

For if the places of the birth, of the moon, and of the horoscope, all or the majority of them, happen to be unrelated to the place of the preceding syzygy, it must be supposed that the child will be nondescript.

红像陶瓶画:占星家夜观新月,手执蜡板推算
降生之前最近一次的新月或满月
翻译点开

The subject of monsters is not foreign to the present inquiry; for, in the first place, in such cases the luminaries are found to be as far as possible removed from the horoscope or in no way related to it, and the angles are separated by the maleficent planets. Whenever, then, such a disposition is observed, for it frequently occurs in humble and unlucky nativities, even though they are not the genitures of monsters, one should look at once for the last preceding new or full moon, and the lord of this and of the luminaries of the birth.

畸形这一题目与眼下的推究并非无关。首先,在这类情形中,两光会被发现离上升点尽可能远,或与它毫无关联,而四角被凶星隔断。所以,每当看到这样的配置——因为它常出现在卑微、不幸的本命中,即使那并不是畸形者的命盘——就应立刻找出降生之前最近一次的新月或满月,以及它的主星和降生时两光的主星。

For if the places of the birth, of the moon, and of the horoscope, all or the majority of them, happen to be unrelated to the place of the preceding syzygy, it must be supposed that the child will be nondescript.

因为降生之位、月亮之位与上升点之位,若全部或大多数恰与前一次朔望之位毫无关联,就应推想所生的将是难以名状的。

大意与图解点开

🔎 大意:两光远离上升或与之无关、四角被凶星隔断时,再查前一次朔望及其主星;三处多与朔望之位无关,所生难以名状。

📖 术语

术语英译原词意思
畸形monsters形体异常的胎儿
朔望syzygy新月或满月
难以名状nondescript无法归入任何一类
隔断separated凶星横在其间

🧭 图解与讲解

接着上一章末的「异兆」,托勒密说畸形这一题目与眼下的推究「并非无关」。第一步看两个信号:两光离上升点尽可能远,或与它毫无关联,即不成任何相位;四角被凶星隔断。Robbins 注引卡尔达诺与惠利,说这里的四角指上升与中天。

〔图〕第一步与第二步:两光与上升不相关联,土星、火星分据上升与中天;前一次朔与日、月也都无关

〔图〕判断分两步:先看两光与四角,再核对前一次朔望

但他马上提醒:这种配置常见于卑微、不幸的本命,那些人并非畸形。所以看到它还不能下结论,要做第二步:找出降生之前最近一次的新月或满月(朔望,syzygy),以及它的主星和降生时两光的主星。卷三第二章定上升度数,用的也是前一次朔望,这里再次用到。图二把两步排在一起。

判断的标准是「关联」:降生之位、月亮之位与上升点之位,若全部或大多数与前一次朔望之位毫无关联,就推想所生「难以名状」,即无法归入通常的类。「降生之位」原文没有细说,与月亮、上升点并列,大概指太阳之位——这三处正是前两章的要位。所谓毫无关联,就是两座之间不成任何相位,如相邻的两座,或相隔五座的两座(卷一第十六章「不相接星座」)。

图一是一张示意盘:天蝎上升,太阳在第八位的双子、月亮在第十二位的天秤,都与天蝎不成相位;土星据上升,火星据中天,按卡尔达诺等人的读法隔断了两个主角。前一次朔(新月)在金牛二十六度,降生在其后约十日;金牛与双子相邻、与天秤相隔五座,都不相接,只与上升的天蝎相对——三处之中两处无关,合乎「大多数」一条。朔所在金牛之主是金星,两光的主星是水星(双子)与金星(天秤),都要一并察看。

这张盘的两光一在人形的双子,一在天秤(天秤是一杆秤,既非人形也非兽形),所以不落入下面两个单元的任何一类,只用来示意前两步怎样看。托勒密在这里的用意,正是先看条件、再核对朔望,不凭一处配置就下断语。

Now if, under such conditions, the luminaries are found in four-footed or animal-shaped signs, and the two maleficent planets are centred, the child will not even belong to the human race, but if no beneficent planet witnesses to the luminaries, but the maleficent planets do so, it will be completely savage, an animal with wild and harmful nature; but if Jupiter or Venus witness, it will be one of the kinds regarded as sacred, as for example dogs, cats, and the like; if Mercury witnesses, one of those that are of use to man, such as birds, swine, oxen, goats, and the like.

翻译点开

Now if, under such conditions, the luminaries are found in four-footed or animal-shaped signs, and the two maleficent planets are centred, the child will not even belong to the human race, but if no beneficent planet witnesses to the luminaries, but the maleficent planets do so, it will be completely savage, an animal with wild and harmful nature; but if Jupiter or Venus witness, it will be one of the kinds regarded as sacred, as for example dogs, cats, and the like; if Mercury witnesses, one of those that are of use to man, such as birds, swine, oxen, goats, and the like.

那么,在这种条件下,若两光在四足或兽形的星座,两颗凶星又都在四角,所生的连人类都不属于;若没有吉星为两光作证,而由凶星作证,它就将完全是野性的,是本性凶野有害的兽类;若木星或金星作证,就是被视为神圣的那一类,例如狗、猫之类;若水星作证,就是对人有用的那一类,例如禽鸟、猪、牛、山羊之类。

大意与图解点开

🔎 大意:此时两光在四足或兽形星座、两凶星又在四角,所生不属人类;凶星作证则野性有害,木金作证属圣兽,水星作证属有用之畜。

📖 术语

术语英译原词意思
四足星座four-footed signs以四足兽为形的星座
兽形星座animal-shaped signs以兽类为形的星座
作证witnesses与之成相位
在四角centred落在四角之上

🧭 图解与讲解

在上一单元的条件下,若两光落在四足或兽形的星座,两颗凶星又都在四角,托勒密说所生的「连人类都不属于」。这是古代流传的一种观念,托勒密照他所据的传统列出,再按作证之星分出三类(表一):没有吉星而只有凶星作证,是野性有害的兽类;木星或金星作证,是被视为神圣的一类,如狗、猫;水星作证,是对人有用的一类,如禽鸟、猪、牛、山羊。

两光在四足或兽形星座、两颗凶星都在四角时,按作证之星分三类(本章第三行)
为两光作证的星所生之类原文举例
无吉星,只有凶星完全野性,本性凶野有害(未举)
木星或金星被视为神圣的一类狗、猫之类
水星对人有用的一类禽鸟、猪、牛、山羊之类

〔图〕人形星座只有四个:双子、处女、射手、水瓶;白羊、金牛、狮子、摩羯等以兽为形

「作证」(witness)就是与之成相位。分类的思路与全书一致:吉星给好的性质,凶星给坏的,水星主实用与技艺。把狗、猫列为「被视为神圣的」,带着埃及的色彩——在古埃及,猫、犬等动物被奉为神的圣兽。Robbins 注说,较晚的抄本在「猫」之后还多出「或猿」二字。

哪些是四足或兽形的星座?卷一第十二章提到星座按形状有「四足」等称呼,托勒密嫌琐碎,没有细列。Robbins 注只指出人形星座是双子、处女、射手、水瓶四个(图二);白羊、金牛、狮子、摩羯等则以兽为形。下一单元讲两光落在人形星座的情形。

If the luminaries are found in signs of human form, but the other planets are disposed in the same way, what is born will be, indeed, of the human race or to be classed with humans, but monsters and nondescript in qualitative character, and their qualities in this case too are to be observed from the form of the signs in which the maleficent planets which separate the luminaries or the angles happen to be.

Now if even in this case not one of the beneficent planets bears witness to any of the places mentioned, the offspring are entirely irrational and in the true sense of the word nondescript; but if Jupiter or Venus bears witness, the type of monster will be honoured and seemly, such as is usually the case with hermaphrodites or the so‑called harpocratiacs, and the like. If Mercury should bear witness, along with the foregoing, this disposition produces prophets who also make money thereby; but when alone, Mercury makes them toothless and deaf and dumb, though otherwise clever and cunning.

翻译点开

If the luminaries are found in signs of human form, but the other planets are disposed in the same way, what is born will be, indeed, of the human race or to be classed with humans, but monsters and nondescript in qualitative character, and their qualities in this case too are to be observed from the form of the signs in which the maleficent planets which separate the luminaries or the angles happen to be.

若两光在人形星座,其余诸星却同样如此配置,所生的固然属于人类,或可归入人类,但在性质上是畸形而难以名状的;这种情形下它们的性质,同样要从那些隔断两光或四角的凶星所在星座的形状来察看。

Now if even in this case not one of the beneficent planets bears witness to any of the places mentioned, the offspring are entirely irrational and in the true sense of the word nondescript; but if Jupiter or Venus bears witness, the type of monster will be honoured and seemly, such as is usually the case with hermaphrodites or the so‑called harpocratiacs, and the like. If Mercury should bear witness, along with the foregoing, this disposition produces prophets who also make money thereby; but when alone, Mercury makes them toothless and deaf and dumb, though otherwise clever and cunning.

若在这种情形下,也没有一颗吉星为上述任何一处作证,所生的便全无理性,是真正意义上难以名状的;但若木星或金星作证,这一类畸形就会受人尊重、体面得宜,比如两性人、所谓“哈耳波克拉忒斯之人”之类通常便是如此。若水星与上述诸星一同作证,这种配置会造就预言者,他们还借此赚钱;但若水星单独作证,就使他们没有牙齿、又聋又哑,不过在别的方面聪明而机巧。

大意与图解点开

🔎 大意:两光在人形星座而他星同样配置,所生属人类而有畸形,看隔断之凶星所在星座的形状;再按作证之星分,水星另有所主。

📖 术语

术语英译原词意思
人形星座signs of human form双子处女射手水瓶
两性人hermaphrodites兼具两性特征者
哈耳波克拉忒斯之人harpocratiacs指聋哑之人
预言者prophets以预言为业的人

🧭 图解与讲解

若两光在人形星座,其余配置相同,所生的属于人类,或可归入人类,但在性质上是畸形、难以名状的。具体是什么样子,要看那些隔断两光或四角的凶星落在什么形状的星座里。这与上一单元的思路一致:星座的形象在这里直接转成了形体的特征。图二把两种情形对照起来。

两光在人形星座、其余配置同前时,按作证之星分(本章第四、五行)
作证之星所生
没有吉星作证全无理性,真正难以名状
木星或金星受人尊重、体面得宜,如两性人、「哈耳波克拉忒斯之人」
水星与吉星一同预言者,并借此赚钱
水星单独没有牙齿、又聋又哑,但在别的方面聪明机巧

〔图〕两光所在星座的形状,决定所生是否属于人类

再按作证之星分(表一):仍没有吉星作证,所生全无理性;木星或金星作证,这类畸形「受人尊重、体面得宜」,托勒密举的例子是两性人与所谓「哈耳波克拉忒斯之人」,Robbins 注说后者指聋哑之人。哈耳波克拉忒斯是希腊人对埃及孩童神荷鲁斯的称呼,神像常以手指按唇,被希腊人当作沉默之神,聋哑之人以他为名,大概由此而来。

若水星与吉星一同作证,会造就以预言为业、并借此赚钱的人;若水星单独作证,则使人没有牙齿、又聋又哑,却在别的方面聪明机巧。水星在全书主理性、言语与技艺,卷三第十三章论心灵的性质时还会详讲;这里的预言、机巧与聋哑,都从水星的本性来。

这一章讲的是古代对异常出生的一种分类,带着当时埃及与希腊的观念;托勒密只给星象条件,不涉及医学上的原因,也没有举出实例。卷三第十二章论身体的伤损与疾病时,还会讲到先天的形体缺陷与两性人。下一章转入降生之时的最后一题:不得养育的孩子。

原文为公有领域古籍;翻译、印象画与图文解读由 AI 辅助生成,鲲侯审校。