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《占星四书》 · 卷一

卷一·第二十二章 论位与度

比界更细的「位」「度」只有似是而非的理由,略去不谈;星座应从分点、至点起算,否则星座的性质全会错位。

Some have made even finer divisions of rulership than these, using the terms "places" and "degrees." Defining "place" as twelfth part of a sign, or 2½°, they assign the domination over them to the signs in order. Others follow other illogical orders; and again they assign each "degree" from the beginning to each of the planets of each sign in accordance with the Chaldaean order of terms. These matters, as they have only plausible and not natural, but, rather, unfounded, arguments in their favour, we shall omit.

翻译点开

Some have made even finer divisions of rulership than these, using the terms "places" and "degrees." Defining "place" as twelfth part of a sign, or 2½°, they assign the domination over them to the signs in order. Others follow other illogical orders; and again they assign each "degree" from the beginning to each of the planets of each sign in accordance with the Chaldaean order of terms. These matters, as they have only plausible and not natural, but, rather, unfounded, arguments in their favour, we shall omit.

有些人把主管划分得比这些更细,用了「位」与「度」两个名目。他们把「位」定义为一个星座的十二分之一,即二度半,并把对各位的主宰依次分给各星座。另有些人遵循别的不合理的次序;又有人把每一「度」从头起,依迦勒底人的界的次序,分给每个星座的各行星。这些说法只有似是而非、并非出于自然、毋宁说毫无根据的论据支持,我们略去不谈。

大意与图解点开

🔎 大意:有人把主管分得更细:每座分十二「位」各二度半,依次归各星座;或把每「度」依迦勒底界序分给行星。托勒密斥为无据,略去。

📖 术语

术语英译原词意思
位place一座的十二分之一
度degree一座的三十分之一
迦勒底界序Chaldaean order of terms见卷一第二十一章
似是而非plausible看似有理,实无根据

🧭 图解与讲解

庙、三方、旺、界之外,还有人把主管分得更细。一种叫「位」:把一个星座切成十二份,每份二度半,依次分给十二星座——后世称为「十二分部」(dodecatemoria)。另一种叫「度」:一座三十度,每一度按迦勒底人排界的次序(卷一第二十一章)轮流分给五颗行星。

〔图〕比界更细的两种划分:十二「位」依次归各星座,三十「度」依迦勒底界序轮给行星

图一以白羊为例画出两种细分。上一行十二个「位」从白羊依次数到双鱼——Robbins 注说有一个抄本和历来的印本在这里多出「从行星所在的星座起」一句,即从本座数起,图照此画。下一行三十个「度」,照白羊所在三方的迦勒底次序(白天:木、金、土、水、火)循环排下去。这只是示意,书中并没有给出完整排法。

托勒密的态度很干脆:这些划分只有「似是而非」的理由,不出于自然,略去不谈。这与他在卷一第二十、二十一章对埃及界的批评一脉相承:尊贵要有冷热干湿、天球远近、季节这类自然学的理由,否则不收。下一单元他转而讲一件他认为真正值得细说的事。

The following, however, upon which it is worth while to dwell, we shall not pass by, namely, that it is reasonable to reckon the beginnings of the signs also from the equinoxes and solstices, partly because the writers make this quite clear, and particularly because from our previous demonstrations we observe that their natures, powers, and familiarities take their cause from the solstitial and equinoctial starting-places, and from no other source.

For if other starting-places are assumed, we shall either be compelled no longer to use the natures of the signs for prognostications or, if we use them, to be in error, since the spaces of the zodiac which implant their powers in the planets would then pass over to others and become alienated.

红像陶瓶画:老学者手扶浑天仪,迎望春分日出
从分点与至点算起
翻译点开

The following, however, upon which it is worth while to dwell, we shall not pass by, namely, that it is reasonable to reckon the beginnings of the signs also from the equinoxes and solstices, partly because the writers make this quite clear, and particularly because from our previous demonstrations we observe that their natures, powers, and familiarities take their cause from the solstitial and equinoctial starting-places, and from no other source.

不过下面这一点值得细说,我们不会略过:星座的起点也应当从分点与至点算起,这是合理的;部分是因为作者们把这一点说得很清楚,尤其是因为从我们前面的论证可以看出,星座的本性、力量与亲缘,都以至点与分点这些起点为因,而不是出于别的来源。

For if other starting-places are assumed, we shall either be compelled no longer to use the natures of the signs for prognostications or, if we use them, to be in error, since the spaces of the zodiac which implant their powers in the planets would then pass over to others and become alienated.

因为如果另取别的起点,我们就要么不得不不再用星座的本性来作预言,要么用了也会出错,因为那些把力量灌注给行星的黄道区段,届时就会转移到别处,变得疏离。

大意与图解点开

🔎 大意:星座应从分点、至点起算:星座的本性、力量与亲缘都源自分至点;另取起点,星座性质便会错位,预言失准。

📖 术语

术语英译原词意思
起点starting-places黄道计数之始
分点equinoxes春分点与秋分点
至点solstices夏至点与冬至点
预言prognostications依星象推断未来

🧭 图解与讲解

本章真正要说的是起点问题:十二星座从哪里起算?托勒密说从分点与至点算起——白羊始于春分点,巨蟹始于夏至点,天秤始于秋分点,摩羯始于冬至点,每座三十度。图一标出两条轴线,转动的半径示意太阳从春分点出发走完一年。

〔图〕十二星座从春分点起算:白羊始于春分,巨蟹始于夏至,天秤始于秋分,摩羯始于冬至

〔图〕托勒密的取舍:细分略去,起点详说

理由回到前面的论证。星座的本性来自季节(卷一第十、十一章:春湿、夏热、秋燥、冬冷,至点、分点、固定、双体星座之分);阴阳从白羊排起(第十二章);命令服从、相望等力以分点、至点为轴(第十四、十五章);庙从最北最热的巨蟹、狮子起排(第十七章);太阳之旺看它进入北半圈(第十九章)。若换了起点,这些性质都会「转移到别处」,预言要么用不上,要么出错。

Robbins 注点出要害:这样定义的黄道,是从分至点量起的十二个三十度,与天上实际的星座(星群)不是一回事;由于岁差,两者逐渐错开,到他那个时代,名义上的白羊几乎整个落在双鱼星群里。今天西方占星通用的「回归黄道」即以本章为据;以恒星为准的「恒星黄道」(如印度占星所用),正属托勒密所说「另取起点」的一类。

原文为公有领域古籍;翻译、印象画与图文解读由 AI 辅助生成,鲲侯审校。