卷三·第十一章　论身体形貌与气质

Now that the procedure in the matter of the length of life has been explained, we speak about the form and character of the body, beginning the detailed discussion in the proper order, inasmuch as naturally, too, the bodily parts are formed prior to the soul; for the body, because it is more material, carries almost from birth the outward appearances of its idiosyncrasies, while the soul shows forth the characters conferred upon it by the first cause only afterwards and little by little, and external accidental qualities come about still later in time.

寿数的推算方法既已讲明，我们接着谈身体的形貌与特性，按应有的次序展开细论，因为在自然中，身体各部也先于灵魂而形成：身体因为较多物质性，几乎从降生起就带着它特殊体质的外在表征；灵魂则要到后来才一点一点显出首因赋予它的性格；外在的偶有之质，在时间上还要更晚才出现。

We must, then, in general observe the eastern horizon and the planets that are upon it or assume its rulership in the way already explained; and in particular also the moon as well; for it is through the formative power of these two places and of their ruler and through the mixture of the two kinds, and furthermore through the forms of the fixed stars that are rising at the same time, that the conformation of the body is ascertained; the ruling planets have most power in this matter and the special characters of their places aid them.

所以，大体上我们必须观察东方地平，以及在它上面、或按前面讲过的方式取得对它主管之权的行星；具体而言，也要同样观察月亮。因为身体的构造，正是凭这两处位置及其主星的塑形之力、凭这两类之力的混合，此外还凭同时升起的恒星的形象来确定的；在这件事上，主星的力量最大，它们所在位置的特质则从旁相助。

The detailed account, then, as one might report it in simple terms, is this: First, among the planets, Saturn, if he is in the orient, makes his subjects in appearance dark-skinned, robust, black-haired, curly-haired, hairy-chested, with eyes of moderate size, of middling stature, and in temperament having an excess of the moist and cold. If Saturn is setting, in appearance he makes them dark, slender, small, straight-haired, with little hair on the body, rather graceful, and black-eyed; in temperament, sharing most in the cold and dry.

若用简单的话来叙述，细节是这样的：首先，在诸行星中，土星若东出，使所主之人外貌肤色黝黑、强壮、黑发、卷发、胸毛浓密、眼睛大小适中、身材中等，气质上湿与冷过多。土星若西入，外貌上使人黝黑、瘦削、矮小、直发、体毛稀少、颇为秀气、黑眼睛；气质上最多分有冷与燥。

Jupiter, as the ruler of the aforesaid regions, when he is rising, makes his subjects in appearance light of skin, but in such a way as to have a good colour, with moderately curling hair and large eyes, tall, and commanding respect; in temperament they exceed in the hot and the moist. When Jupiter is setting, he makes his subjects light, to be sure, but not as before, in such a way as to give them a good colour, and with lank hair or even bald in front and on the crown, and of average stature; in temperament they have an excess of the moist.

木星作为前述各处的主星，东出时，使所主之人外貌肤色白皙，但白得有好气色，头发略卷，眼睛大，身材高，仪态令人敬重；气质上热与湿过多。木星西入时，使所主之人固然也白皙，却不像前者那样白得有好气色，头发平直，甚至前额与头顶秃发，身材中等；气质上湿过多。

Similarly, Mars, when rising, makes his subjects in appearance red and white of complexion, tall and robust, gray-eyed, with thick hair, somewhat curly, and in temperament showing an excess of the warm and dry. When he is setting, he makes them in appearance simply ruddy, of middle height, with small eyes, not much hair on the body, and straight yellow hair; their temperament exceeds in the dry.

同样，火星东出时，使所主之人外貌肤色红白相间，高大强壮，灰色眼睛，头发浓密而略卷，气质上温与燥过多。他西入时，使人外貌只是红润，身材中等，眼睛小，体毛不多，黄色直发；他们的气质燥过多。

Venus has effects similar to Jupiter's, but is apt to make her subjects more shapely, graceful, womanish, effeminate in figure, plump, and luxurious. On her own proper account she makes the eyes bright as well as beautiful.

金星的作用与木星相似，但容易使所主之人更匀称、秀美，带女子气，体态阴柔，丰腴，喜好奢华。以她自身的特性而言，她使眼睛既明亮又美丽。

Mercury, in the orient, makes his subjects in appearance sallow, of moderate height, graceful, with small eyes and moderately curling hair; in temperament, showing an excess of the warm. In the occident he makes them, in appearance, of light but not of good colouring, with straight hair and olive complexion, lean and spare, with glancing, brilliant eyes, and somewhat ruddy; in temperament they exceed in the dry.

水星东出时，使所主之人外貌面色萎黄，身材中等，秀气，眼睛小，头发略卷；气质上温过多。西入时，使人外貌白皙但气色不佳，直发，肤色如橄榄，瘦削精干，眼神闪动而明亮，面色略红；气质上燥过多。

The luminaries assist each of these when they bear an aspect to them, the sun tending to a more impressive and robust effect, and the moon, especially when she is separating from the planets, in general tending toward better proportion and greater slenderness, and toward a more moist temperament; but in particular cases her effect is proportioned to the special quality of her illumination, in accordance with the system of intermixture explained in the beginning of the treatise.

两光与上述每一颗星成相位时，都会对它有所助益：太阳倾向使效果更为威严、强健；月亮，尤其在她与诸星离相之时，大体倾向使身体更匀称、更纤细，气质更湿；但在具体情形下，她的作用与她光照的特殊性质相称，依照本书开头讲过的混合之法。

Again, generally, when the planets are morning stars and make an appearance, they make the body large; at their first station, powerful and muscular; when they are moving forward, not well-proportioned; at their second station, rather weak; and at setting, entirely without repute but able to bear hardship and oppression.

再者，一般说来，诸星作晨星而显现时，使身体高大；在第一次留时，使人有力而肌肉发达；在向前行进时，使人不甚匀称；在第二次留时，使人较为虚弱；在沉没时，使人全然默默无闻，却能忍受劳苦与压迫。

Likewise their places, as we have said, take an important part in the formation of the bodily characters and temperaments. In general terms, once more, the quadrant from the spring equinox to the summer solstice makes the subjects well-favoured in complexion, stature, robustness, and eyes, and exceeding in the moist and warm. The quadrant from the summer solstice to the autumn equinox produces individuals with moderately good complexion and moderate height, robust, with large eyes and thick and curly hair, exceeding in the warm and dry.

同样，如前所说，它们所在的位置在塑成身体的特征与气质上也起重要作用。再就大体而言，从春分到夏至的象限，使所主之人在肤色、身材、强健与眼睛各方面都生得好，湿与温过多。从夏至到秋分的象限，生出的人气色尚好，身材中等，强壮，眼睛大，头发浓密而卷曲，温与燥过多。

The quadrant from the autumn equinox to the winter solstice makes them sallow, spare, slender, sickly, with moderately curling hair and good eyes, exceeding in the dry and cold. The quadrant from the winter solstice to the spring equinox produces individuals of dark complexion, moderate height, straight hair, with little hair on their bodies, somewhat graceful, and exceeding in the cold and moist.

从秋分到冬至的象限，使人面色萎黄，精瘦，纤细，多病，头发略卷，眼睛好看，燥与冷过多。从冬至到春分的象限，生出的人肤色黝黑，身材中等，直发，体毛稀少，略显秀气，冷与湿过多。

In particular, the constellations both within and outside of the zodiac which are of human shape produce bodies which are harmonious of movement and well-proportioned; those however which are of other than human shape modify the bodily proportions to correspond to their own peculiarities, and after a fashion make the corresponding parts like their own, larger and smaller, or stronger and weaker, or more and less graceful. For example, Leo, Virgo, and Sagittarius make them larger; others, as Pisces, Cancer, and Capricorn, smaller.

具体而言，黄道内外具有人形的星群，生出的身体动作协调、比例匀称；而不具人形的星群，则按自身的特点改变身体的比例，在某种程度上使相应的部分像它们自己的那样，或较大或较小，或较强或较弱，或较秀美或较不秀美。例如，狮子、处女、射手使人较高大；另一些，如双鱼、巨蟹、摩羯，使人较矮小。

And again, as in the case of Aries, Taurus, and Leo, the upper and fore parts make them more robust and the lower and hind parts weaker. Conversely the fore parts of Sagittarius, Scorpio, and Gemini cause slenderness and the hind parts robustness. Similarly too Virgo, Libra, and Sagittarius tend to make them well-proportioned and graceful, while Scorpio, Pisces, and Taurus bring about awkwardness and disproportion.

又如白羊、金牛、狮子，其上部与前部使人较强壮，下部与后部使人较弱。反过来，射手、天蝎、双子的前部使人纤瘦，后部使人强壮。同样，处女、天秤、射手倾向使人匀称秀美，而天蝎、双鱼、金牛则造成笨拙与不匀称。

So it is with the rest, and it is fitting that we should observe and combine all these things and make a conjecture as to the character which results from the mixture, with regard both to the form and to the temperament of the body.

其余星座也是如此。我们应当观察并综合这一切，对混合而成的特性作出推测，既推测身体的形貌，也推测它的气质。