卷一·第十二章 论阳性星座与阴性星座
十二星座一阳一阴相间，从白羊起阳；也有人从上升星座起阳，或按象限分阴阳。按形状起的别名，托勒密从略。
Again, in the same way they assign six of the signs to the masculine and diurnal nature and an equal number to the feminine and nocturnal. An alternating order was assigned to them because day is always yoked to night and close to it, and female to male.
Now as Aries is taken as the starting-point for the reasons we have mentioned, and as the male likewise rules and holds first place, since also the active is always superior to the passive in power, the signs of Aries and Libra were thought to be masculine and diurnal, an additional reason being that the equinoctial circle which is drawn through them completes the primary and most powerful movement of the whole universe. The signs in succession after them correspond, as we said, in alternating order.
翻译点开
Again, in the same way they assign six of the signs to the masculine and diurnal nature and an equal number to the feminine and nocturnal. An alternating order was assigned to them because day is always yoked to night and close to it, and female to male.
再者，人们同样把六个星座归于阳性与昼性，把同样多的星座归于阴性与夜性。给它们定下交替的次序，是因为白昼总是与黑夜同轭而紧挨着它，雌也总是与雄相连。
Now as Aries is taken as the starting-point for the reasons we have mentioned, and as the male likewise rules and holds first place, since also the active is always superior to the passive in power, the signs of Aries and Libra were thought to be masculine and diurnal, an additional reason being that the equinoctial circle which is drawn through them completes the primary and most powerful movement of the whole universe. The signs in succession after them correspond, as we said, in alternating order.
既然白羊因我们说过的理由被取作起点，而雄性同样居于统领、占据首位，又因为主动者在力量上总是胜过被动者，于是白羊与天秤被认为是阳性、昼性的；另一个理由是，穿过这两座的分点圈，完成了整个宇宙首要而最有力的运动。在它们之后相继的星座，如我们所说，按交替的次序相应排列。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意：六座阳性昼性、六座阴性夜性，一阳一阴相间，如昼夜相连、雌雄相伴；白羊为首又是主动，故白羊、天秤属阳。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英译原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 阳性星座 | masculine signs | 属阳、属昼的六座 |
| 阴性星座 | feminine signs | 属阴、属夜的六座 |
| 交替 | alternating order | 一阳一阴相间 |
| 分点圈 | equinoctial circle | 即天赤道 |
🧭 图解与讲解
第十二章给星座分阴阳，也是第六、七章那套分法搬到黄道上：六座阳性兼昼性，六座阴性兼夜性。为什么要交替排？托勒密的理由是：白昼总与黑夜同轭相连，雌总与雄相伴，所以阳座与阴座也该一个挨着一个。Robbins 注说，星座也像行星一样分属昼夜两方（卷一第七章）。
〔图〕阳阴交替：从白羊起，白羊、双子、狮子、天秤、射手、水瓶为阳（昼），其余六座为阴（夜）
〔图〕白羊、天秤为什么属阳：黄道以白羊为首，雄居首位、主动胜被动，分点圈又穿过这两座
从哪一座起阳？白羊。理由有三层：白羊已经因为春分被定为黄道的起点（卷一第十章）；雄性居于统领、占据首位；主动者的力量总胜过被动者。另外还有一条天文的理由：分点圈——也就是天赤道——穿过白羊、天秤的起点，而整个天球每日东升西落的旋转，正是绕着赤道进行的；Robbins 注说，这就是「整个宇宙首要而最有力的运动」。所以白羊、天秤属阳，其余星座一阴一阳交替排下去。
图一画出结果：白羊、双子、狮子、天秤、射手、水瓶为阳，金牛、巨蟹、处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼为阴，蓝线是分点圈与黄道的交点连线。可以对照卷一第十七章：太阳之庙狮子是阳性，月亮之庙巨蟹是阴性，正合「阳性的狮子给太阳，阴性的巨蟹给月亮」。后世把十二星座按火、土、风、水分成四组，阳性六座正好是火、风两组，阴性六座是土、水两组。图二把托勒密的三层理由串成一条线。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英译原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 阳性星座 | masculine signs | 属阳、属昼的六座 |
| 阴性星座 | feminine signs | 属阴、属夜的六座 |
| 交替 | alternating order | 一阳一阴相间 |
| 分点圈 | equinoctial circle | 即天赤道 |
🧭 图解与讲解
第十二章给星座分阴阳，也是第六、七章那套分法搬到黄道上：六座阳性兼昼性，六座阴性兼夜性。为什么要交替排？托勒密的理由是：白昼总与黑夜同轭相连，雌总与雄相伴，所以阳座与阴座也该一个挨着一个。Robbins 注说，星座也像行星一样分属昼夜两方（卷一第七章）。
从哪一座起阳？白羊。理由有三层：白羊已经因为春分被定为黄道的起点（卷一第十章）；雄性居于统领、占据首位；主动者的力量总胜过被动者。另外还有一条天文的理由：分点圈——也就是天赤道——穿过白羊、天秤的起点，而整个天球每日东升西落的旋转，正是绕着赤道进行的；Robbins 注说，这就是「整个宇宙首要而最有力的运动」。所以白羊、天秤属阳，其余星座一阴一阳交替排下去。
图一画出结果：白羊、双子、狮子、天秤、射手、水瓶为阳，金牛、巨蟹、处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼为阴，蓝线是分点圈与黄道的交点连线。可以对照卷一第十七章：太阳之庙狮子是阳性，月亮之庙巨蟹是阴性，正合「阳性的狮子给太阳，阴性的巨蟹给月亮」。后世把十二星座按火、土、风、水分成四组，阳性六座正好是火、风两组，阴性六座是土、水两组。图二把托勒密的三层理由串成一条线。
Some, however, employ an order of masculine and feminine signs whereby the masculine begins with the sign that is rising, called the horoscope. For just as some begin the solstitial signs with the moon's sign because the moon changes direction more swiftly than the rest, so they begin the masculine signs with the horoscope because it is further to the east, some as before making use of the alternate order of signs, and others dividing by entire quadrants, and designating as matutinal and masculine signs those of the quadrant from the horoscope to mid-heaven and those of the opposite quadrant from the occident to the lower mid-heaven, and as evening and feminine the other two quadrants.
They have also attached other descriptions to the signs, derived from their shapes; I refer, for example, to "four-footed," "terrestrial," "commanding," "fecund," and similar appellations. These, since their reason and their significance are directly derived, we think it superfluous to enumerate, since the quality resulting from such conformations can be explained in connection with those predictions wherein it is obviously useful.
翻译点开
Some, however, employ an order of masculine and feminine signs whereby the masculine begins with the sign that is rising, called the horoscope. For just as some begin the solstitial signs with the moon's sign because the moon changes direction more swiftly than the rest, so they begin the masculine signs with the horoscope because it is further to the east, some as before making use of the alternate order of signs, and others dividing by entire quadrants, and designating as matutinal and masculine signs those of the quadrant from the horoscope to mid-heaven and those of the opposite quadrant from the occident to the lower mid-heaven, and as evening and feminine the other two quadrants.
然而，也有人采用另一种阳性与阴性星座的次序，让阳性从正在升起、称为上升点的那个星座开始。正如有些人从月亮所在的星座起算至点星座，因为月亮比其余诸星更快地改变方向；同样，他们从上升点起算阳性星座，因为它更偏东方。其中有些人照前面那样采用星座交替的次序；另一些人则按整个象限来划分，把从上升点到中天的象限、以及相对的从下降点到地底中天的象限中的星座，定为晨的、阳性的星座，把另外两个象限定为昏的、阴性的。
They have also attached other descriptions to the signs, derived from their shapes; I refer, for example, to "four-footed," "terrestrial," "commanding," "fecund," and similar appellations. These, since their reason and their significance are directly derived, we think it superfluous to enumerate, since the quality resulting from such conformations can be explained in connection with those predictions wherein it is obviously useful.
他们还根据星座的形状，给星座加上了别的称谓，我指的是例如「四足」「陆生」「命令」「多产」之类的名称。这些名称的道理和意义都是直接得来的，我们认为不必一一列举；由这类形状而来的性质，可以在那些显然用得着它的预言里再加说明。
大意与图解点开
🔎 大意：有人从上升星座起阳：或照样一阳一阴交替，或把上升到中天、下降到天底两象限定为晨与阳；形状别名从略。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英译原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 上升点 | horoscope | 东方地平上的黄道度 |
| 晨的 | matutinal | 属清晨、属东方 |
| 象限 | quadrants | 地平与子午圈分出四块 |
| 命令 | commanding | 形状而来的一种称谓 |
🧭 图解与讲解
托勒密接着转述另一派的做法：阳性不从白羊起，而从正在东方升起的星座——即上升点所在的星座——起。他打了个比方：有些人把月亮所在的星座当作至点星座的开端，因为月亮改变南北方向比别的天体都快；同样，上升点「更偏东方」，所以拿它当阳性的开端。这句话很简略，大意是：既然起点可以随天象而定，阳性也可以从最东的地方算起。
〔图〕从上升星座起交替：巨蟹上升时，巨蟹、处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼、金牛为阳，与通行的分法正好相反
〔图〕按象限分：上升到中天、下降到地底中天两个象限为晨、为阳，另两个象限为昏、为阴
这一派里又分两种。一种照旧一阳一阴交替，只是起点换成上升星座。图一以巨蟹初度上升为例：巨蟹本是阴性，在这种分法下却成了阳性，接着处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼、金牛都是阳，与通行的分法恰好相反；若是阳性星座上升，两者就一致。Robbins 注指出，照这种体系，同一个星座的阴阳并不固定，要看此刻哪一座上升。
另一种按整个象限来分：从上升点到中天、从下降点到地底中天这两个象限里的星座为「晨的」、阳性，另外两个象限为「昏的」、阴性。图二仍以巨蟹初度上升、白羊初度中天为例，亮的六座就是阳性。这与卷一第六章说行星在这两个象限里属东方、成为阳性，用的是同一个划分。
最后，托勒密提到按星座形状起的别名：「四足」「陆生」、「命令」、「多产」之类。他认为这些名称的道理一看便知，不必一一列举，等到预言里用得着时再讲。Robbins 注说，托勒密作为学者，对这类形象与神话的分类不太在意，更看重天文上的分类；其中一些称谓在卷二第七章还会出现。「命令」一词在卷一第十四章另有专门的用法。
📖 术语
| 术语 | 英译原词 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 上升点 | horoscope | 东方地平上的黄道度 |
| 晨的 | matutinal | 属清晨、属东方 |
| 象限 | quadrants | 地平与子午圈分出四块 |
| 命令 | commanding | 形状而来的一种称谓 |
🧭 图解与讲解
托勒密接着转述另一派的做法：阳性不从白羊起，而从正在东方升起的星座——即上升点所在的星座——起。他打了个比方：有些人把月亮所在的星座当作至点星座的开端，因为月亮改变南北方向比别的天体都快；同样，上升点「更偏东方」，所以拿它当阳性的开端。这句话很简略，大意是：既然起点可以随天象而定，阳性也可以从最东的地方算起。
这一派里又分两种。一种照旧一阳一阴交替，只是起点换成上升星座。图一以巨蟹初度上升为例：巨蟹本是阴性，在这种分法下却成了阳性，接着处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼、金牛都是阳，与通行的分法恰好相反；若是阳性星座上升，两者就一致。Robbins 注指出，照这种体系，同一个星座的阴阳并不固定，要看此刻哪一座上升。
另一种按整个象限来分：从上升点到中天、从下降点到地底中天这两个象限里的星座为「晨的」、阳性，另外两个象限为「昏的」、阴性。图二仍以巨蟹初度上升、白羊初度中天为例，亮的六座就是阳性。这与卷一第六章说行星在这两个象限里属东方、成为阳性，用的是同一个划分。
最后，托勒密提到按星座形状起的别名：「四足」「陆生」、「命令」、「多产」之类。他认为这些名称的道理一看便知，不必一一列举，等到预言里用得着时再讲。Robbins 注说，托勒密作为学者，对这类形象与神话的分类不太在意，更看重天文上的分类；其中一些称谓在卷二第七章还会出现。「命令」一词在卷一第十四章另有专门的用法。
原文为公有领域古籍；翻译、印象画与图文解读由 AI 辅助生成，鲲侯审校。