卷四·第四节第二至三章　交食何时应验、持续多久，及事件的种类

CHAP. II. Shewing the time when the Effects of any Eclipse shall begin and how long continue.

第二章　说明任何交食的效应何时开始，持续多久。

MAny men I know wonder why Astrologers have taught that Eclipses operate not till such a time after their appearance; but they have but small reason to move them to this their admiration; for the effects of an Eclipse opperate from the first appearance thereof, though not so apparently; as a child from its very first Conceptions is in Beeing, yet cannot properly be termed ought other then some living creature till it be produced to light.

我知道许多人奇怪，为什么星占家教导说交食在出现之后要到某个时候才起作用；但他们没有多少理由为此惊奇；因为交食的效应从它最初出现时就起作用了，虽然不那么明显；就像一个孩子从最初受孕起就已存在，却在被生到光明里之前，不能恰当地称为别的，只能称为某个有生命的东西。

And therefore I conceive the Antients without any respect at all to the former, have still give Rules for judging of the latter, or the time when their Effects will be in force or begin to be apparent.

所以我认为，古人根本不考虑前者，一直只给出判断后者的规则，即它们的效应何时生效、或开始显露的时候。

Wherefore Ptolomy teacheth us, that if an Eclipse fall in the East part of the Horizon, (or more plainly in the Ascendent or East Angle) the Events thereof shall first manifest themselves from the fourth Moneth after, but it will more strongly operate in the first third part of its whole duration.

所以托勒密教导我们，若交食落在地平的东方（或更明白地说，在上升即东方之角），其事件会从其后第四个月起首先显现，但在其全部持续期的头三分之一里作用更强。

If in the mid-Heaven, the Effects thereof will first begin to appear after the second four Moneths (or more plainly about eight Moneths after the defect of the Luminary) but more apparent will it be in the second or middlemost third part of the whole time it continues.

若在中天，其效应要在第二个四个月之后才开始显现（或更明白地说，约在光体亏缺之后八个月），但在它持续的全部时间的第二个、即中间的三分之一里更为明显。

But if it be in the West-part of the Horizon, (viz. in the Seventh House of Heaven, or the West Angle) in the third or last fourth Moneth shall the Effects be manifested, but more forcibly in the third and last part of the whole time of its continuance.

但若在地平的西方（即在天宫的第七宫，或西方之角），效应会在第三个即最后一个四个月里显现，但在它持续的全部时间的第三个即最后一段里更为有力。

But the particular Remissions and Intentions we must judge from the Conjunctions and Preventions which in the mean time shall happen in that place, or in any other places of the figure that hath relation thereunto, from the places of the motion of the Planets by which future events are fore-known, viz. such as are Oriental, Occidental, Stationary or ascending in the close of the Evening, viz. vespertine and are occasion of any future events by their Aspects or any other manner; when they are Oriental you must know their effects are augmented, and when they are Stationary; but Occidental and under the Sun-beams, or vespertine and Retrograde, deminished and lessened; understand this as to the time, not Nature.

至于具体的减弱与加剧，我们要由这期间在那个位置、或在盘中与之有关的任何其他位置所发生的朔与望来判断，也要由那些预知未来事件的行星运动的位置来判断，即那些东出的、西入的、留的，或在黄昏终了时升起的，即昏星，并以其相位或其他任何方式引发未来事件的；你要知道，它们东出时，其效应就增强，留的时候也是；但西入而在太阳光下，或为昏星而逆行时，就减弱、减小；这一点要就时间来理解，不是就性质。

As touching the time of their continuance viz. how long the Effects of any Eclipse shall last or be in force, it is in this manner to be known, for as much as an Eclipse is not seen in all Regions and Places in the same houre or instant of time, neither for the beginning, continuation or end thereof; you ought therefore in every Region to take according to proportion the Ecliptical houre, the Elevation of the Pole and the Angles of the figure according thereunto.

至于它们持续的时间，即任何交食的效应要持续或生效多久，要这样来知道，因为交食并不是在所有地区与地方都在同一个小时、同一刻被看见，无论是开始、持续还是结束；所以你应当在每个地区按比例取交食的时刻、天极的高度，以及相应的盘的四角。

And then you are to see how many equal houres (viz. Natural Equinoctial houres consisting of 60 Minutes a peece) the Eclipse continues in every Region, for when you have this, you are to know that the Events of a Solar Eclipse shall continue so many years as he is Eclipsed houres, reckoning from the first moment of his Obscuration to the very last; of a Lunar, so many moneths; wherefore the beginning of them you shall know from the place where the Eclipse fals, and the Angles of the figure at that time.

然后你要看交食在每个地区持续多少个等长的小时（即每个由六十分钟组成的自然的、分点的小时），因为当你有了这个，你就要知道，日食的事件会持续多少年，就是他被食多少小时，从他被遮蔽的第一刻算到最后一刻；月食则是那么多个月；所以它们的开始，你要由交食所落的位置和那时盘的四角来知道。

CHAP. III. Of the kindes of the Events of any Eclipse.

第三章　论任何交食事件的种类。

IN the third place you know the kindes of the Events of any Eclipse are to be considered, which is known from the qualities and signs belonging to the signs in which either of the Luminaries are eclipsed, and from the places or signs in which the Planets and most notable fixed Stars are, the which with the sign of the Eclipse (or the Sign wherein the Eclipse is) and the sign of the Angle preceding the Eclipse is to be considered.

你知道，第三件要考虑的是任何交食事件的种类，这要由两光中任一个交食所在星座所属的性质与形象来知道，也要由行星与最显著的恒星所在的位置或星座来知道，这些要与交食的星座（或交食所在的星座）以及交食之前那个角的星座一同考虑。

To know the Planet that shall bear chief rule of these two places, it is not more then thus; see which of the Planets hath most power and strength in the place of the Eclipse and Angle preceding the Eclipse, by House, Exaltation, Triplicity, face or term, and give it to him; but if one Planet be not both Lord of the sign wherein the Eclipse is, and the Angle preceding the Eclipse, but there be two Planets bearing rule in these places, then are you to prefer that Planet which is Lord of the place of the Eclipse to the rule or Dominion before the other, yet shalt thou joyn him in judgement therewith; but if there be several Planets that have Dominion in these places you shall prefer that which is nearest an Angle and most strong in the degree of the Eclipse, and make him Lord of the Eclipse.

要知道哪颗行星对这两个位置掌主要之权，不过如此；看哪颗行星在交食的位置和交食之前的那个角，以庙、旺、三方、面或界而有最大的力量与强度，就把它给他；但若不是一颗行星同时是交食所在星座之主与交食之前那个角之主，而是有两颗行星在这两个位置掌权，那你就要把交食位置之主优先于另一颗而给予权柄或主宰，但仍要把那一颗与之合在判断里；但若有好几颗行星在这些位置有主宰，你就要优先取那最靠近一个角、在交食的度数上最强的，立它为交食之主。

And you are also to observe those fixed Stars which are of most note, and placed nere the place of the Eclipse and the Cuspe of the Angle preceding the Eclipse, as also the Cusps of the Ascendent and mid-Heaven at the time of the Eclipse.

你也要留意那些最著名、位于交食位置附近与交食之前那个角的宫头附近的恒星，以及交食之时上升与中天的宫头附近的恒星。

Having thus seriously considered the fixed Stars as you ought, the forms and figures of the signs are to be considered in which an Eclipse fals, and in which the predominant Planets are; for the quality of the Events cannot be well known but by the nature thereof.

这样认真考虑过恒星，如你应当的那样，接着要考虑交食所落的星座、以及主宰的行星所在星座的样子与形象；因为事件的性质不能很好地知道，除非借着它们的本性。

For humane signs of such as are of that form have signification unto mankinde; and if they be ferall signs, or such as bear the form of wild Beasts, or four-footed Creatures, it shall be to such Beasts and Creatures which are found in shape and Nature agreeable thereunto; whether the sign signifie Snakes, Beasts of the field, domestick, tame Creatures, &c.

因为人形星座、或是那种形象的星座，对人类有征象；若是野性星座，即具野兽或四足动物形象的，就及于形状与本性与之相合的那些兽类与生物；不论这个星座表示蛇、野地的走兽、家养驯良的生物，等等。

Northern signs, Nota. signifie sudden Earth-quakes, which have the figure of Beasts of the field when an Eclipse is therein; in Southern, alteration of the ayr, in such Signs and Constellations as have wings, such as are Virgo, Sagittary, the Hen, the Vulture, &c. it denotes detriment to birds and flying fowl, chiefly such as are usually eaten by man; If in Cancer, Pisces, or the Dolphin, to Creatures living in the water; if in the Constellation of the Ship, to Ships and such as Navigate; in Aquaries, to Rivers and the like, &c.

北方星座，请注意，具野地走兽之形的，交食在其中时，表示突然的地震；在南方的，空气的变化；在那些有翅膀的星座与星群里，如处女、射手、母鸡、秃鹫等，表示鸟和飞禽受损，主要是人通常所吃的那些；若在巨蟹、双鱼或海豚，及于生活在水中的生物；若在船的星群，及于船只和航海的人；在水瓶，及于河流之类，等等。

Also if an Eclipse of either I uminary be in any of the Tropical or Equinoctial signs, it denotes change of ayr in every of these times; if in the vernal Equinox, dammage to Trees when they begin to bud and shout forth, as the Vine, Fig-tree and others then springing; if in the Summer Solstice, the events will be on fruits when they are gathered, but in Egypt it signifies the over-flowing of Nilus; If in the Autumnall Equinox, they will be manifest on Hearbs and the Seeds of the Earth when they are sown, and detriment in harvest; in the Winter Solstice, on Pot-Hearbs, Birds of the season and Fish.

还有，若任一光体的交食在任何回归星座或分点星座里，表示在这各个时节空气的变化；若在春分，树木开始发芽抽枝时受损，如葡萄、无花果和其他当时萌发的；若在夏至，事件会落在果实采收之时，但在埃及则表示尼罗河泛滥；若在秋分，会显现在草木与地上的种子播下之时，收获受损；在冬至，及于菜蔬、当季的鸟与鱼。

Also if an Eclipse be in Equinoctial signs, it shews its Effects in Religious things and Church affairs; in the Tropicks, in the ayr, laws and manners of men; In fixed signs, in foundations and edifices; in common signs, in mankinde and Kings.

还有，若交食在分点星座，其效应显现在宗教之事与教会事务上；在回归星座，在空气、人的法律与风俗上；在固定星座，在根基与建筑上；在双体星座，在人类与君王上。

Moreover Eclipses nere the East, signifie their Effects will be apparent in fruits, youth and foundations; in the mid-Heaven, in the Church, State, great ones and such as are of middle age; but if in the West, in the Laws and Customs of the People, the alteration thereof, and in those of elder years; it hath signification also of Murthers.

此外，交食靠近东方，表示其效应会显现在果实、年轻人与根基上；在中天，在教会、国家、大人物以及中年人身上；但若在西方，在人民的法律与习俗、其改变上，以及在年长的人身上；它还表示谋杀。

The quantity or the greatness of their Effects are known from the greatness of the Eclipse, and from those Stars which in the place of the Eclipse are caused of the future events.

其效应的分量或大小，要由交食的大小来知道，也要由那些在交食位置上引发未来事件的星来知道。

For when an Eclipse of the Sun is vespertine, the evill portended thereby is lessened; but when Matutine, increased; so likewise on the contrary, an Eclipse of the Moon Vespertine increaseth the evill, Matutine impareth it the one half.

因为日食为黄昏时的，它所预示的凶就减轻；为清晨时的，就增加；同样反过来，月食为黄昏时的增加凶，为清晨时的则减去一半。

The reason thereof is, because the Sun is the proper Governour of the Day, and the Moon Governess of the Night, Gen. 1.16. and therefore when they are thus afflicted in their own season, the Effects must needs be much more effectual then when on the contrary.

其理由是，因为太阳是白昼的专主，月亮是黑夜的女主，《创世记》第一章第十六节；所以当它们在自己的时分受到这样的侵害时，其效应必定比反过来时有效得多。