卷二·第二十一至二十三章　天上诸圈与星座的种种划分

CHAP. XXI. Of the Circles of Heaven, the Zodiack, and the divisions thereof.

第二十一章　论天上的诸圈、黄道及其划分。

WE come now unto the Circles of Heaven. You are to know there are some greater then other, some less, some movable, and also some immoveable; as concerning the greater circles, they are those that have the same Center with the Heavens; the lesser Circles have their Centers out of that of the sphear; but these are so plainly treated of by ancient Astronomers, that to insist hereon were but vain: wherefore let us to our business, and say somewhat of the Zodiack and its divisions.

我们现在来讲天上的诸圈。你要知道，有些圈比别的大，有些小，有些可动，也有些不动；至于大圈，是与诸天同一中心的圈；小圈的中心在天球中心之外；但这些古代天文学家已讲得十分明白，在此多讲是徒劳的：所以让我们来做我们的事，讲一讲黄道及其划分。

Know then, that in the sphear of the World there are two chief Circles, the one called the Equator or Equinoctial, the other the Zodiack or Ecliptick; it is called the Equator from the nature thereof, being a line of equality; for the Sun being under the same, causeth the equality of the day and night through the whole World; it is called the Equinoctial for the same reason, it causing equall nights, &c.

那么要知道，在世界的天球里有两个主要的圈，一个叫赤道或昼夜平分圈，另一个叫黄道或食道；它叫赤道是由于它的本性，它是一条均等之线；因为太阳在它下面时，使全世界昼夜相等；它叫昼夜平分圈也是同样的理由，因为它造成相等的夜，等等。

The Zodiack is called the Ecliptick, because the Sun and the Moon are never Eclipsed but in it; it is also called the oblique Circle, for that it is situated oblique in respect of the Equator, &c. This Equator divideth the whole sphear into two parts, being placed directly betwixt the Poles of the World, viz.

黄道之所以叫食道，是因为太阳和月亮除了在它上面，从不发生交食；它又叫斜圈，因为它相对于赤道是斜放的，等等。这赤道把整个天球分成两半，它正好位于世界的两极之间，即——

Artick and Ant-artick, which is also divided by the Zodiack into two equal parts; and those points where the Zodiack cutteth the Equator are called Equinoctial points; and the points of the Zodiack which are the means between these Equinoctials are called Tropicks or Solsteads, viz. the stays or stations of the Sun, &c. From these divisions, are the four quarters of the year, viz. Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter; Spring beginning at the Equinoctial point, the Sun enclining towards the Vertical point: Summer beginning at the Solstead after; Autumn at the other Equinoctial, and Winter at the second Solstead.

北极与南极，它也被黄道分成相等的两半；黄道与赤道相交的那两点称为分点；黄道上位于两分点正中的那两点称为回归点或至点，即太阳的停驻处或留处，等等。由这些划分产生一年的四季，即春、夏、秋、冬；春从分点开始，太阳向天顶偏去：夏从其后的至点开始；秋从另一个分点开始，冬从第二个至点开始。

Now you must know also that these several quarters are divided into three equal parts, as answering to beginning, middle and end, and so consequently the whole Zodiack into 12. equall parts, which are called signs and houses (the reasons why they are so called you shall have anon) and every sign is divided into 30. degrees; every degree into 60. minutes, and every minute into 60. seconds, and every second into 60. thirds, and so ad infinitum.

现在你还要知道，这几个季又各分为三等份，对应开始、中间与终结，于是整个黄道就分成十二等份，称为星座与宫（为何这样称呼，你待会儿就会知道），每个星座分为三十度；每度分为六十分，每分六十秒，每秒六十微，如此以至无穷。

But now as touching the Reasons, why these divisions (as I said before) are called signs, and because they seem to define and signifie unto us the most notable alterations and mutations of the Ayr, and these inferiour Elements.

但现在说到为什么这些划分（如我前面所说）称为「星座」的理由，那是因为它们似乎为我们界定并指示出空气与这些下界元素最显著的变化与变动。

Now as you have heard of the two principal Circles moveable, so it is requisite also you hear somewhat of the two immoveable Circles, the Horizon and Meridian; we leave the Colures, Tropicks, Zones, Vertical, Parallel, and Polary Circles, &c. to be taught by those that have writ whole volumes thereof; for our intentions are but cursorily to speak somewhat, that our scope may the better be understood; our intentions being to lay open that part of the Art which is not manifest in our tongue.

现在你既已听了两个可动的主要圈，也应当听一听两个不动的圈，即地平圈与子午圈；分至圈、回归线、地带、垂直圈、平行圈与极圈等等，我们留给那些就此写了整部著作的人去教；因为我们的用意只是粗略说一说，好让我们的宗旨更易明白；我们的用意在于揭示这门学问里尚未用我们语言显明的那一部分。

The Horizon then is that Circle dividing the Hemisphere of any place under it, from that which is above it, to which one of the Poles is always the Vertical point, and the other Pole the opposite; according therefore to the heighth of the point of each place, doth the Horizon of each place differ; for look how many places there are, so many Horizons are there; wherefore the Horizon of those places which have the vertical or perpendicular point under the Equinoctial, is called the right Horizon; for that it passeth by the Poles of the World, and equally divideth the Equinoctial at right Angles; so likewise it is called a right sphear; for that it seemeth to be rightly placed in respect of that Horizon, and the stars to make their motion directly by the universal motion of the sphear.

那么地平圈是这样一个圈，它把任何地方脚下的半个天球与头上的半个天球分开，两极中的一极始终对着它的天顶，另一极则在相对的一方；所以随着各地那一点的高度不同，各地的地平也不同；因为有多少地方，就有多少地平；所以那些天顶或垂直点在赤道之下的地方，其地平称为正地平；因为它经过世界的两极，以直角平分赤道；同样它也称为正球；因为相对于那个地平，天球似乎是正放的，诸星随天球的总体运动而垂直地运行。

Now the Horizon of those places whose Zenith is out of the Equinoctial towards either of the Poles, is called oblique; for that that Pole which the Vertical point is next to, is elevated above the said Horizon, and the other is so much depressed; which therefore doth divide the Equinoctial at oblique angles, unequal one to another; for which cause also, the sphear is said to be oblique; being in comparison of the Horizon placed obliquely; and the stars turn obliquely in their universal motion. Wherefore it is clear, that all direct Horizons are of one disposition; but among the oblique there are as many differences as are distances between the Vertical point and the Equinoctial, or as the elevation of the Pole is divers above them.

那些天顶偏离赤道、偏向任一极的地方，其地平称为斜地平；因为天顶所靠近的那一极升在这地平之上，另一极就同样多地沉在下面；所以它以彼此不等的斜角分割赤道；因此天球也被称为斜球；相对于地平是斜放的；诸星在总体运动中也斜着转。由此可见，一切正地平都是同一种情形；但斜地平之中，天顶与赤道相距多少，或者说极在它们之上升起的高度有多少不同，就有多少差别。

As touching the Meridian, it is a great immoveable Circle, passing by the Poles of the World, and that point of the Heavens which is perpendicular in what place soever it be; and divideth both the Equinoctial and Horizon of right angles, parting the East part of the Heavens from the West; whose Poles are the intersections of the Horizon and Equator: and for that it divideth the Natural day and the Artificial into two even parts, it is called the Meridian or mid-day-circle; for when the Sun cometh to this Circle above the Horizon, it is high noon, and the opposite point under the Horizon or earth is mid-night: all places then according as they are more Oriental or Occidental, have their proper Meridian; and they which lie alike East or West. Know then, that every Meridian is a right Horizon to some places, and every right Horizon a Meridian.

至于子午圈，它是一个不动的大圈，经过世界的两极，以及无论在什么地方都垂直于头顶的那一点；它以直角分割赤道与地平，把天的东半与西半分开；它的两极是地平与赤道的交点：又因为它把自然日与人为日都分成相等的两半，所以叫子午圈或正午圈；因为太阳在地平之上来到这个圈时，就是正午，地平之下即地底下的对点则是午夜：所以一切地方，按其偏东偏西，各有各的子午圈；而那些同在东西方向上的……要知道，每个子午圈对某些地方来说都是正地平，每个正地平也都是一个子午圈。

CHAP. XXII. Of the twelve Coelestial Signs, and their manifold divisions.

第二十二章　论天上十二星座及其种种划分。

I Have shewed you the Heavens are divided into twelve equall parts, called Signs, and the Reasons why they are so called: it resteth therefore now, I shew what they are called, with their several Characters. and why just the number of twelve, and called by those names, and why they begin at Aries, and not at Taurus, Gemini or Cancer, or any other sign, and so placed; as also of their Natures and significations. But first, let us speak of their divisions, and the several manners thereof, and then proceed.

我已经告诉你，诸天分成十二等份，称为星座，以及它们为何这样称呼：所以现在剩下的，是要告诉你它们叫什么名字，各有什么符号。以及为什么恰好是十二之数，为什么叫这些名字，为什么从白羊开始，而不从金牛、双子、巨蟹或其他任何星座开始，又为什么这样排列；还有它们的本性与所主。但首先让我们讲它们的划分，以及划分的几种方式，然后再往下讲。

Know then that the 12. signs are thus named and charactered, Aries ♈, Taurus ♉, Gemini ♊, Cancer ♋, Leo ♌, Virgo ♍, Libra ♎, Scorpio ♏, Sagittary ♐, Capricorn ♑, Aquaries ♒, and Pisces ♓. Of these signs, there are some of a fiery nature, some of an earthy, others of an aëry, and some of a watry.

那么要知道，十二星座这样命名和书写：白羊 ♈，金牛 ♉，双子 ♊，巨蟹 ♋，狮子 ♌，处女 ♍，天秤 ♎，天蝎 ♏，射手 ♐，摩羯 ♑，水瓶 ♒，双鱼 ♓。这些星座中，有些属火的本性，有些属土，有些属风，有些属水。

Fiery signs are Aries, Leo and Sagittary; Earthy signs are Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn; Aëry signs are Gemini, Libra and Aquaries; Watry signs are Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces.

火象星座是白羊、狮子和射手；土象星座是金牛、处女和摩羯；风象星座是双子、天秤和水瓶；水象星座是巨蟹、天蝎和双鱼。

There are also some Masculine, and some Feminine; the Masculine are Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittary, Aquaries; Feminine are Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn and Pisces. Ever remember the fiery and aëry signs are masculine; earthy and watry, feminine. There are also some moveable, others fixed, and some common; moveable signs are Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn, of which two are Equinoctial, two Tropical; Equinoctial signs are Aries and Libra; Tropick signs Cancer and Capricorn; and these signs as the masculine signs, are so called for that they are hot and dry, and diurnal; the feminine for that they are cold, moist, and nocturnal.

又有些是阳性的，有些是阴性的；阳性的是白羊、双子、狮子、天秤、射手、水瓶；阴性的是金牛、巨蟹、处女、天蝎、摩羯和双鱼。要始终记住，火象和风象星座是阳性的；土象和水象是阴性的。又有些是启动的，有些是固定的，有些是双体的；启动星座是白羊、巨蟹、天秤和摩羯，其中两个是分点星座，两个是回归星座；分点星座是白羊与天秤；回归星座是巨蟹与摩羯；这些星座和阳性星座一样，之所以这样称呼，是因为它们热而燥，是昼性的；阴性的则因为它们冷而湿，是夜性的。

So are these called moveable, because when the Sun enters into any of these signs, the weather and season of the year is moved or changed.

这些之所以称为启动星座，是因为太阳进入其中任何一座时，天气与一年的季节就被启动，即发生变化。

Fixed signs are Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquaries; and they are so called, for that the Weather, he being therein, is more permanent (either to heat or cold according to the season of the year) and fixed. Common signs being between moveable and fixed both in place and nature, are therefore so called; and they are Gemini, Virgo, Sagittary and Pisces.

固定星座是金牛、狮子、天蝎和水瓶；之所以这样称呼，是因为太阳在其中时，天气更为持久（随季节或热或冷）而固定。双体星座无论在位置上还是本性上，都介于启动星座与固定星座之间，所以这样称呼；它们是双子、处女、射手和双鱼。

Note that there is among the moveable signs one fiery, one earthy, one aëry and one watry; and so likewise have the fixed and common, for which cause also they are divided into four parts, as answering to the four seasons and quarters of the year; viz.

要注意，启动星座中有一个火象、一个土象、一个风象、一个水象；固定星座与双体星座也是如此，因此它们也分为四部分，对应一年的四季与四个季度；即——

Aries, Taurus, and Gemini are the Spring quarter, for that when the Sun is in these three, it is the Spring Season; when he is in Cancer, Leo and Virgo, it is the Summer Quarter; in Libra, Scorpio and Sagittary Autumn; in Capricorn, Aquaries and Pisces Winter; which is the reason why the year begins in March when the Sun enters Aries, which is the first sign (so likewise are all the moneths in order attributed to the government of the Coelestial signs) It is the opinion therefore amongst the learned that the Sun was in the first point or minute of Aries when the World began, whence they judge the general accidents of the World, as the fates and affairs of any Kingdom or place, &c. by the Sun his Revolution to the first point of Aries.

白羊、金牛与双子是春季的季度，因为太阳在这三座里时是春季；他在巨蟹、狮子和处女时，是夏季的季度；在天秤、天蝎和射手是秋季；在摩羯、水瓶和双鱼是冬季；这就是一年从三月太阳进入白羊时开始的理由，白羊是第一个星座（各月也都依次归天上诸星座管辖）。所以学者们的看法是，世界开始时太阳在白羊的第一点或第一分，因此他们凭太阳回归到白羊第一点来判断世界的一般际遇，如任何王国或地方的命运与事务，等等。

There are also some signs Austral or Southern, others Boreal or Northern: Southern signs are Libra, Scorpio, Sagittary, Capricorn, Aquaries and Pisces; these are called Southern, for that they decline Southward from the Equinoctial: Northern signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and Virgo: and these are so called for that they decline from the Equinoctial Northward.

又有些星座是南方的，有些是北方的：南方星座是天秤、天蝎、射手、摩羯、水瓶和双鱼；它们称为南方星座，是因为它们从赤道向南偏：北方星座是白羊、金牛、双子、巨蟹、狮子和处女：它们这样称呼，是因为它们从赤道向北偏。

Bicorporeal signs are Gemini, Pisces and the first part of Sagittary being double-bodied as twins, &c.

双体星座是双子、双鱼和射手的前半，因为它们有两个身体，如孪生子，等等。

There are also fruitfull, barren, humane, feral and mute signs; fruitful signs are Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces; barren signs are Gemini, Leo, and Virgo; humane or courteous signs are Gemini, Virgo, Libra and Aquaries: feral signs are Leo, and the last part of Sagittary; and mute signs or slow of speech are Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, especially if Mercury be in any of them in Conjunction, Quadrat or Opposition of Saturn; he causeth also an ill utterance in any sign in the aforesaid aspects of Saturn.

又有多产的、不育的、人形的、野性的与哑的星座；多产星座是巨蟹、天蝎和双鱼；不育星座是双子、狮子和处女；人形或文雅的星座是双子、处女、天秤和水瓶：野性星座是狮子和射手的后半；哑星座即言语迟钝的星座是巨蟹、天蝎和双鱼，尤其如果水星在其中任何一座与土星会合、四分或对冲；水星在任何星座与土星成上述相位，也会使人口齿不清。

There are also in the divisions of the signs, signs commanding and obeying; signs of long ascention, and signs of short ascention: signs commanding are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo; signs obeying are Libra, Scorpio, Sagittary, Capricorn, Aquaries and Sagittary: Signs of short or oblique ascentions are Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittary: Signs of short or oblique ascentions are Capricorn, Aquaries, Pisces, Aries, Taurus and Gemini.

在星座的划分中，又有命令星座与服从星座；上升时间长的星座与上升时间短的星座：命令星座是白羊、金牛、双子、巨蟹、狮子、处女；服从星座是天秤、天蝎、射手、摩羯、水瓶和双鱼：上升时间长即直升的星座是巨蟹、狮子、处女、天秤、天蝎和射手：上升时间短即斜升的星座是摩羯、水瓶、双鱼、白羊、金牛和双子。

There are also some signs that are whole and intire, others broken; some fortunate, others unfortunate; some sweet; others bitter; whole, are Libra, Aquaries, Gemini, Virgo: broken, are Leo, Pisces: fortunate, are Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittary, Aquaries: unfortunate, are Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, Pisces: sweet signs are, Gemini, Libra, Aquaries: bitter, Aries, Leo, Sagittary.

又有些星座是完整的，有些是残缺的；有些吉，有些凶；有些甜，有些苦；完整的是天秤、水瓶、双子、处女：残缺的是狮子、双鱼：吉的是白羊、双子、狮子、天秤、射手、水瓶：凶的是金牛、巨蟹、处女、天蝎、摩羯、双鱼：甜的星座是双子、天秤、水瓶：苦的是白羊、狮子、射手。

There are also weak signs and strong; weak signs are, Aries, Sagittary and Capricorn: strong are, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquaries.

又有弱的星座与强的星座；弱的星座是白羊、射手和摩羯：强的是狮子、天蝎和水瓶。

Note also that by the several places of the Heavens some signs have contrary operations, in divers places; as Taurus in the East quarter of Heaven, is inclining to heat, or luke-warm; in the West cold. Gemini in the East is hot and dry, in the West cold and moist. Cancer in the East is hot and dry, in the West cold and moist. Leo in the East is hot and dry, in the West cold and moist. Virgo in the East is hot and warm, in the West cold and moist.

还要注意，星座在天上不同的方位，有些会在不同之处起相反的作用；如金牛在天的东方象限，倾向于热，或者说温；在西方则冷。双子在东方热而燥，在西方冷而湿。巨蟹在东方热而燥，在西方冷而湿。狮子在东方热而燥，在西方冷而湿。处女在东方热而温，在西方冷而湿。

Sagittary in the East cold and moist, in the West hot and dry. Capricorn in the East is cold and dry, in the West cold and moist. Aquaries in both East and West is cold and moist. Pisces also cold and moist both in East and West. This will be necessary for the judging of weather.

射手在东方冷而湿，在西方热而燥。摩羯在东方冷而燥，在西方冷而湿。水瓶在东方和西方都冷而湿。双鱼在东方和西方也都冷而湿。这在判断天气时是必需的。

CHAP. XXIII. Shewing the use which is to be made of the former Chapter.

第二十三章　说明上一章内容的用法。

LEarn now the use which is to be made of all this; if in any scheam or figure of Heaven you find a masculine sign ascending, and the Lord of the ascendant in a masculine sign, or beheld of a masculine Planet in a masculine sign, then is the nature and actions of the thing in question, or signified, masculine; if in feminine signs, the contrary, being more effeminate.

现在来学这一切的用法；在任何天宫图或星盘里，如果你发现上升的是阳性星座，上升主星也在阳性星座，或被阳性星座里的阳性行星照看，那么所问或所主之事的本性与行事就是阳性的；如果在阴性星座，则相反，更为柔弱。

So likewise if the Ascendant, his Lord and the Planets beholding them be in movable signs, the thing denoted by the Ascendant is fickle, unconstant, and wavering in all particulars: if the abovesaid testimonies be through fixed signs, the contrary; if in common signs, neither perfectly constant nor fickle, yet both, sometimes the one way, and sometimes the other.

同样，如果上升、它的主星以及照看它们的行星都在启动星座，上升所表示的事在一切细节上都是善变、不定、摇摆的：如果上述见证都在固定星座，就相反；如果在双体星座，既不完全坚定，也不完全善变，而是两者都有，时而这样，时而那样。

Also, if the aforesaid testimonies be in feral signs, the thing signified is of the nature and temper of that beast represented by the sign, as if Leo be the sign ascending, it is then bold, strong, couragious, stately, hot and dry, &c. If Taurus, it is solid, staid and resolved, yet of a slow muddy condition, cold and earthy.

又如果上述见证在野性星座，所主之事就具有该星座所代表的那种兽的本性与气质，如上升的是狮子，那它就勇敢、强壮、有胆气、威严，热而燥，等等。如果是金牛，它就稳固、沉着、坚定，但性子迟缓浑浊，冷而属土。

Likewise if in any figure of the Heavens the sign ascending be a fruitfull sign, and the sign of the fifth house a fruitfull sign also, and the Lords of the ascendant and fifth and the Moon be in fruitfull signs, it denotes fruitfulness.

同样，在任何星盘里，如果上升星座是多产星座，第五宫的星座也是多产星座，上升主星、第五宫主星与月亮也都在多产星座，就表示多产。

So, if the sign ascending be a humane sign, and the Lord of the Ascendant and the Moon in humane signs, accordingly doth it signifie, as hereafter will more largely be shown; so likewise of all the rest, &c.

同样，如果上升星座是人形星座，上升主星与月亮也在人形星座，它就照此表示，后面会更详细说明；其余一切都是如此，等等。