卷二（四）　友谊、相位的亲疏与十二分

A short digression concerning Friendship

［关于友谊的简短离题］

Mens Tempers, and produce such Crowds of Foes; / Look o're the World, see Force and Fraud increase, / Rapine in War, and Treachery in Peace; / But look for Truth and Faith, the Search were vain, / No Mind is Honest, and no Thoughts are plain:

人的性情，产生如此众多的仇敌；放眼世界，看看暴力与欺诈日增，战时劫掠，平时背叛；可若要寻找真诚与信义，那是徒劳，没有一颗心是诚实的，没有一个念头是坦白的：

What bulky Villanies bestride the Age! / What Envy pusheth on Mankind to rage!

多么庞大的罪恶横跨这个时代！嫉妒推动人类陷入怎样的狂怒！

Envy not to be dispossest, her Throne / Is firmly fixt, and all the World's her own.

嫉妒不会被赶下宝座，她的宝座牢牢固定，整个世界都归她所有。

Friends kill their Friends, a Husband stabs his Wife, / Sons sell their Father's and their Mother's Life; / Bold Atreus feasts, and at the barbarous sight / The Sun retires, and leaves the World to night.

朋友杀死朋友，丈夫刺死妻子，儿子出卖父亲与母亲的性命；大胆的阿特柔斯设宴，见到那野蛮的景象，太阳退去，把世界留给黑夜。

Whilst Brothers poyson, with a smiling Face / They mix the Cup, and kill where they embrace: / No place is safe, no Temple yields Defence / Against secret Stabs, or open Violence; / And many a slaughter'd Priest profanely dies / On the same Altar with his Sacrifice.

兄弟下毒时面带微笑，调好杯中之物，在拥抱中杀人：没有地方安全，没有神庙能抵挡暗中的刺杀或公开的暴行；许多祭司被亵渎地屠杀，与他的祭品死在同一座祭坛上。

Those most betray who kindness most pretend, / And Crowds of Villains skulk behind the Name of Friend.

最装作仁慈的人背叛得最多，成群的恶棍躲在「朋友」之名的背后。

The World's infected, Wrong and Fraud prevails, / Whilst Honesty retires, and Justice fails; / Nay Laws support those Crimes they checkt before, / And Executions now affright no more.

世界被感染了，冤屈与欺诈盛行，诚实退隐，正义衰败；甚至法律也支持它们从前制止的罪行，刑罚如今也不再令人恐惧。

For disagreeing Stars that Men produce, / Their Tempers fashion, and their own infuse: / Hence Peace is lost, pure Faith we seldom find, / Kind Leagues are rare, and then but feebly bind; / For as the Signs above, so Things below / Do differing Minds and Inclinations show;

因为生出人的星辰彼此不和，塑造人的性情，并注入它们自己的性情：所以和平失落，纯洁的信义很少见，友好的盟约罕有，即使有，约束力也很弱；因为正如上方的星座，下界的事物也显出不同的心思与倾向；

They form Men's Thoughts, and the obedient Clay / Takes disagreeing Tempers from their Ray.

它们塑造人的思想，顺从的泥土从它们的光线中得到不和的性情。

Hence 'tis that Friendship is so thinly sown, / It thrives but ill, nor can it last when grown; / Rare it's Production: and the World pretends / To boast but one poor single pair of Friends: / One Pylades and one Orestes name, / And you have all the Instances of Fame;

所以友谊播种得如此稀疏，长得不好，长成了也不能持久；它很少出现：世界只能夸耀一对可怜的朋友：说出一个皮拉德斯、一个俄瑞斯忒斯，你就说尽了一切著名的例子；

Once Death was strove for, 'twas a generous Strife, / Not who should keep, but who should lose a Life / Was their Dispute, contending to deny / Each other the great Priviledge to die.

从前曾有人争着去死，那是一场慷慨的争执：他们争的不是谁该保住性命，而是谁该失去性命，彼此争着不让对方得到死的大特权。

The Surety fear'd his guilty Friend's return, / The Guilty Friend did his own Absence mourn; / Careless of Life, impatient of Delay, / He broak thro' hindring Friends that choak'd his way, / And ran to Danger: Here they disagreed, / One hop'd to free, One fear'd to be so freed.

作保的人怕有罪的朋友回来，有罪的朋友则为自己的缺席哀伤；他不顾性命，不耐拖延，冲破阻挡他道路的朋友，奔向危险：在这里他们意见相左，一个希望救人，一个怕被这样救下。

But now if you would know what Signs dispose / To Leagues, and Peace, and friendly Thoughts disclose; / The Ram's bright Births you may securely joyn / As Friends to the Productions of his Trine: / But the Ram's Births are more sincerely plain, / They give more Love than they receive again / From thine fierce Leo, or than his can show / That strides thro' Heaven, and draws the Cretan Bow:

但现在，如果你想知道哪些星座使人倾向结盟与和平、显出友好的心思：白羊所生的明亮之人，你可以放心地把他们与他的三分所生的人结为朋友：但白羊所生的人更真诚坦白，他们给出的爱，多于他们从你——凶猛的狮子——所生的人那里得到的回报，也多于那跨过天空、拉开克里特之弓的那一位所生的人所能表现的：

For 'tis a Sign of thoughtless Innocence, / Expos'd to Harms, unpractis'd in Defence; / Unus'd to Fraud or Wrong, but gentle, kind, / And not more soft in Body than in Mind.

因为这是一个无心机的、天真的星座，暴露于伤害之下，不惯于防卫；不惯于欺诈或冤屈，而是温和、仁慈，心地与身体一样柔软。

The others carry Fierceness in their Ray, / Their Nature's bruitish, and intent on Prey; / Ungrateful still, nor can they long retain / A sense of Kindness, and unjust for Gain: / But tho' by Nature these are both enclin'd / To frequent Quarrels, yet expect to find / More Force in that which is of double kind, / Than in the Single Lion: Hence increase / Some sudden Heats, but intermixt with Peace.

另外两个在光线中带着凶猛，本性如野兽，一心攫取猎物；总是忘恩负义，不能长久记得别人的好意，为了利益而不公：不过，这两个虽然本性都倾向于频繁争吵，你会发现双体的那一个比单体的狮子更有力：所以会生出一些突然的激怒，却又夹杂着和平。

The Bull and Goat are equally inclin'd / To mutual Friendship, both alike are kind; / The Bull's Productions love fair Virgo's Race, / Yet frequent Jarrs disjoin their close Embrace.

金牛与山羊同样倾向于相互的友谊，两者同样和善；金牛所生的人爱美丽的处女所生的人，可频繁的争执又拆散他们紧密的拥抱。

The Scales and Vrn one friendly Soul inspire, / Their Love is setled, and their Faith intire; / To both their Births the Twins productions prove / The surest Friends, and meet an equal Love.

天秤与水瓶激发同一个友好的灵魂，它们的爱稳定，信义完整；双子所生的人对两者所生的人都是最可靠的朋友，得到同样的爱。

The Crab and Scorpion to their Births impart / A friendly Temper, and an open Heart; / Yet Scorpio's (Fraud amongst the Stars is found) / Tho' Friends they seem, yet give a secret Wound.

巨蟹与天蝎给它们所生的人以友好的性情、坦率的心；可天蝎所生的人（群星之中也有欺诈）看起来是朋友，却暗中伤人。

But those whom Pisces watry Rays create, / Are constant neither in their Love, nor Hate; / They change their Minds, now quarrel, now embrace, / And Treachery lurks behind their fawning Face.

而由双鱼湿润的光线所生的人，爱也不恒，恨也不恒；他们改变主意，时而争吵，时而拥抱，背叛潜藏在他们谄媚的脸后。

Thus Signs or Love, or Hate: and These bestow / Their differing Tempers on their Births below. / Nor is't enough to know the Signs alone,

星座就这样或爱或恨：并把它们不同的性情赋予下界所生的人。仅仅知道星座还不够，

The friendly and unfriendly Aspects

［友好与不友好的相位］

The Planets Stations must be justly known, / And all Heaven's parts, because the Site and Line / And Aspect change the Influence of the Sign.

还必须正确地知道行星的位置，以及天的所有部分，因为位置、线与相位会改变星座的影响。

Thus when Oppos'd the Signs this Influence bear, / In Trine a different they are known to share, / In Sextile this, another when in Square / And thus the Sky now gives, now takes away / The Influence, now it points, now blunts the Ray / Here Hate infects them, when they thence remove; / They lose that Hate, or change the Rage to Love.

所以星座对冲时带着这种影响，成三分时人们知道它们分得另一种，成六分时是这一种，成四分时又是另一种；天就这样时而给予、时而夺走影响，时而使光线锐利、时而使它迟钝；在这里恨感染了它们，离开这里，它们就失去那恨，或把狂怒变成爱。

For Signs, or when they rise, or culminate, / Or set, send down a different sort of Fate.

因为星座在升起、在上中天、在落下时，降下的命运各不相同。

To Hatred Signs oppos'd in Site incline, / The Quadrates Kinsmen aid, and Friends the Trine; / The Reason's obvious: The Celestial Round

位置相对的星座倾向于仇恨，四分帮助亲属，三分帮助朋友；理由很明显：在天的圆周上

See Fig. 1

［见原书图一］

Observe, there Signs of the same kind are found / In each fourth place: In each fourth Sign appear / The several Seasons that command the Year; / Thus Aries gives the Spring, flat Cancer glows / With Summer's Heat; the generous Bowl o'reflows / In Libra, Caper scatters Winter's Snows.

你会看到，每隔第四个位置就有同类的星座：每个第四个星座里出现主宰一年的各个季节；所以白羊带来春天，平伏的巨蟹以夏天的热发光；慷慨的酒杯在天秤里满溢，摩羯撒下冬天的雪。

Besides, by Signs in double Forms exprest / Each fourth Celestial place is found possest, / Two Fishes glide; two smiling Boys embrace, / A double Figure we in Virgo trace, / The Centaur's double with a single Face.

此外，每个第四个天上的位置，都被以双重形体表现的星座占有：两条鱼滑行；两个微笑的少年拥抱；我们在处女身上看出双重的形象；半人马是双重的，却只有一张脸。

Next Simple Signs with their refulgent Stars / Fill each fourth space, and still are found in Squares.

其次，单体星座带着它们灿烂的星，充满每个第四个间隔，总是处在四分之中。

Without a Rival Taurus fills his Throne, / The dreadful Lion shakes his Mane alone, / Th' unbodied Scorpion no Companion fears, / And still the Vrn a simple Sign appears.

金牛没有对手，独占他的宝座；可怕的狮子独自抖动鬃毛；独身的天蝎不怕有同伴；水瓶也始终显为单体星座。

Therefore to each fourth place the Stars assign'd / In Time agree, in Number, or in Kind; / This makes them Kindred Signs, and these preside / O're Kinsmen's Minds, and their Affections guide.

所以，分配到每个第四个位置的星座，在时节、在数目或在种类上相合；这使它们成为亲属星座，它们主管亲属的心思，引导他们的情感。

But those four Signs on which the Hinges move / Belong to Neighbours, and direct their Love.

但门轴所转动的那四个星座属于邻人，指引他们的爱。

The other Square with all its Stars attends / On Guests, Acquaintance, and remoter Friends.

另一个四方及其所有星辰，照管客人、相识与较远的朋友。

Thus all the Signs as they are plac't obtain / Their Rule, and with unequal Vigor reign.

所以所有的星座都按所在的位置得到统辖，以不等的力量统治。

For tho' the Site and Form of Squares they bear, / They work not like the other Signs in Square; / For whilst the Cardinals more Force confess, / The rest, which we from Number nam'd express / Double or Simple Signs, still work with less. / The Line extended thro' the larger space

因为它们虽然有四方的位置与形状，作用却不像其他成四分的星座；因为门轴星座显示出更多的力量，其余的——我们按数目称之为双体或单体星座的——作用总是较少。伸过较大空间的线

Trines

［三分］

With Trines determines, and makes out their place,

以三分确定并标出它们的位置，

See Fig. 1

［见原书图一］

Presides o're Friends, whose mutual Faiths supply / The room of Blood, and draw a closer Tie: / For as it measures a long space, to joyn / The distant, stretching out from Sign to Sign.

主管朋友，朋友彼此的信义取代血缘，结成更紧密的纽带：因为它量出长长的空间，把遥远的连接起来，从一个星座伸到另一个星座。

So those, whom Nature doth in spight remove, / It brings together; and knits in Bands of Love.

所以，自然恶意分隔开的人，它把他们聚在一起，用爱的纽带系住。

And these before the others most commend, / For tho' the nearest Kinsmen oft pretend / Deluding Kindness; who deceives a Friend?

这些人比其他人更值得称道，因为最近的亲属也常常假装虚伪的仁慈；可谁会欺骗朋友？

No Sign nor Planet serves it self alone, / Each blends the others Vertues with its own.

没有一个星座或行星只为自己效力，每一个都把别的德性混入自己的德性。

Mixing their Force, and interchang'd they reign, / Signs Planets bound, and Planets Signs again.

它们混合力量，交替统治，星座约束行星，行星又约束星座。

All this my Muse shall orderly reveal, / And keep the Method she begun so well; / She'll sing what Parts the several Signs require, / In what the Planets spread commanding Fire; / This must be shown, if in your search for Fate / The Signs of Love you'd know from those of Hate. / Now with expanded Thought go on to know

这一切我的诗神都将依次揭示，保持她开始得很好的方法；她将歌唱各星座需要哪些部分，行星在哪些部分散布统领之火；如果你在探求命运时想从恨的征兆中分辨出爱的征兆，这就必须说明。现在，以开阔的思想继续去认识

Dodecatemorion

［十二分］

A Secret great in Use, tho' small in show; / For which our scanty Language, poor in words, / No single fit expressive Term affords, / But Greek supplies, a Language born to frame / Fit Words, and show their Reason in the Name.

一个用处极大、外表却很小的秘密；对于它，我们贫乏的语言词汇稀少，提供不了一个单一的合适词语，只有希腊语提供得了，那是一种天生就能造出合适词语、并在名字里显出道理的语言。

'Tis Dodecatemorion , thus describ'd— / Thrice ten Degrees with every Sign contains / Let Twelve exhaust, that not one part remains; / It follows streight that every Twelfth confines / Two whole, and one half Portion of the Signs: / These Twelfths in Number, as the Signs, are Twelve, / And these the wise contriver of the Frame / Plac't in each Sign, that all may be the same.

它叫作「十二分」，是这样描述的：每个星座包含的三十度，让十二来分尽，一分也不剩；由此直接推出，每个十二分包含两度半：这些十二分在数目上与星座一样，是十二个，世界明智的设计者把它们放在每个星座里，使一切都相同，

The World may be alike, each Star may guide, / And every Sign in every Sign preside; / That all may govern by agreeing Laws, / And friendly Aids be mutual as their Cause.

使世界一样，每颗星都能引导，每个星座都在每个星座里主管；使一切都按和谐的法则统治，友好的援助像它们的原因一样相互。

And therefore Births; o're which one Sign aspires, / In Powers are various, different in Desires; / Males follow Females, and from Man deprest / Weak Nature sinks, and errs into a Beast: / For all on Signs depend, in which succeed / The different Twelfths, and vary in the Breed.

所以由同一个星座主宰的出生，在力量上各不相同，在欲望上互有差异；阳性随阴性而变，人性降低，柔弱的本性下沉，误入兽性：因为一切都依赖于相继而来的不同的十二分所在的星座，所生之人因此而异。

Now whose, and how dispos'd, the Muse must sing, / And draw deep Knowledge from its secret Spring; / Lest this unknown you should from Truth decline, / Mistaking the chang'd Influence of the Sign: / Each Sign's first Twelfths is by its self possest, / The others shar'd in Order by the rest;

现在诗神必须歌唱它们属于谁、如何分配，从隐秘的泉源汲取深奥的知识；免得你不知道这一点而偏离真理，误解星座改变了的影响：每个星座的第一个十二分归它自己占有，其余的由其他星座依次分享；

Each hath its Twelfth, they take their equal Shares, / (Ambition is a Vice too mean for Stars) / Thus every Sign hath for its proper Throne / Two whole, and one half Portion of its own; / Of other Signs that rowl in order on / Each takes as much, till all the thirty parts are gone.

每个星座都有它的一个十二分，它们分得相等的份额（野心是群星不屑的恶习）；所以每个星座有两度半作为它自己的宝座；依次轮转的其他星座，每个也取同样多，直到三十度分完。

But there are many sorts, to find the true / Wise Nature orders we must all pursue; / This is her Will: Tho partial Search may fail, / Yet He's secure of Truth who seeks for All. / For Instance, grant it were thy great Concern

但方法有许多种，要找到真正的那一种，我们必须遵循明智的自然所定的一切；这是她的意旨：虽然片面的探求会失败，探求一切的人却能确保得到真理。举例来说，假如你极为关心

The Dodecatemoria of the Planets

［行星的十二分］

To know the Planet's Twelfths; securely learn; / I'll shew the Method: As you count the Signs, / First mark that Sign's Degree where Phoebe shine / And views the new-born Child; that multiply / By Twelve: (because Twelve Signs adorn the Sky) / Observe the Product, and from thence assign / To those gay Stars where Phoebe's found to shine / Thrice ten Degrees: Then go in Order on, / Assigning Thirty till the Number's done;

要知道行星的十二分，放心地学吧；我来指示方法：在你数星座时，先记下福柏照耀、看着新生婴儿的那个星座的度数；把它乘以十二（因为十二个星座装点天空）：记下乘积，从那里开始，把三十度分给福柏所在的那个灿烂的星座：然后依次往下，每个星座分给三十，直到数分完；

And where the Number ends there fix the Moon: / That is her Twelfth. The following Planets lie / In following Twelfths, and there enjoy the Sky.

数在哪里分完，就把月亮定在那里：那就是她的十二分。其后的行星位于其后的十二分里，在那里享有天空。

Another Method claims my next Essay, / Another differing from the former way; / This too I must explain, its Rules impart, / And fix the subtle Niceties of Art.

另一种方法要我接着尝试，与前一种不同；这一种我也必须解释，传授它的法则，确定这门技艺的精微之处。

First take the Sun's true place, and that confest, / Observe the Portion by the Moon possest: / Count those Degrees the middle Space contains, / Take all the Thirtys thence, and what remains / Dividing into Twelfths, from thence assign / To those gay Stars in which the Moon does shine / One Twelfth: To Signs that orderly come on / Apply their Twelfths, till all the Number's done, / And where the number ends there fix the Moon.

先取太阳的真实位置，确定之后，再看月亮所占的度数：数出中间的空间所包含的度数，从中取出所有的三十，剩下的分成十二分，从那里把一个十二分分给月亮所在的那个灿烂的星座：再把十二分依次分给接着来的星座，直到数分完；数在哪里分完，就把月亮定在那里。

That is her Twelfth. The following Planets lie / In following Twelfths, and there enjoy the Sky.

那就是她的十二分。其后的行星位于其后的十二分里，在那里享有天空。

The Task's not done: The Muse must next unfold / A nicer thing, in fewer Numbers told: / Which less in show and in extent appears, / Yet than the Greater more of Force it bears: / In every Twelfth a Twelfth the Planets claim, / The Thing is different though we use the Name;

任务还没有完成：诗神接下来必须揭示一件更精微的事，用更小的数来讲：它的外表与范围都更小，力量却比大的更大：在每个十二分里，行星又认领一个十二分，事情不同，我们却用同一个名字；

'Tis thus describ'd. Five half Degrees do lie / In every Twelfth, Five Planets grace the Sky, / And every Planet in its proper Course / One half Degree possessing there exerts its Force.

它是这样描述的：每个十二分里有五个半度，天上有五颗行星装点，每颗行星在自己的运行中占有一个半度，在那里施展力量。

'Tis useful therefore to observe the Sign, / And mark the Twelfth in which the Planets shine; / For where the Planets, as they rowl their Course, / A Twelfth possess, they there exert their Force.

所以观察星座、记下行星照耀所在的十二分是有用的；因为行星在运行中占有哪个十二分，就在那里施展力量。

These must be jointly sung: yet these belong / To future Thoughts, and claim another Song: / 'Tis now enough that I have clearly shown / Things hid before, and made their Vses known; / Let it suffice, that I have brought the Muse / Materials proper, and prepar'd for Use:

这些必须合起来歌唱：但它们属于将来的思考，要另一首诗来唱：现在，我已清楚地揭示了以前隐藏的事物，说明了它们的用处，这就够了；我已给诗神带来合适的材料，准备好以备使用，这就够了：

When all is ready, let her build the Frame, / And raise a lasting Monument of Fame: / The single Elements distinctly known / Shee sees her Way, and may go safely on; / And all the Parts describ'd the Verse will roul / With freer Force, and orderly erect the whole.

等一切就绪，让她来建造框架，竖起不朽的名声之碑：单个的元素都清楚地认识了，她看见自己的路，就可以安全地前行；各部分都描述过了，诗句就会以更自由的力量滚滚向前，有条不紊地建起整体。

For as to Boys at School we first propound / The Letters, show their Form, and teach their Sound, / And then go on, instruct them how to Spell, / And join their Letters in a Syllable; / Then to frame Words, and thence their Fancies raise, / To bind these words in Verse, and reach the Bays.

因为正如我们对学校里的男孩，先提出字母，指给他们看字形，教给他们字音，然后再往前，教他们怎样拼写，把字母连成音节；然后组成词，再从那里激发他们的想象，把这些词结成诗句，赢得月桂。

And as the Boys proceed, they find their past, / And first Acquirements useful to their last; / For Precepts without Method got by pain, / Prove empty, and the labour is in vain: / So since my Songs Fate's dark Intrigues reherse, / Their Influence show, and bind the Stars in Verse;

男孩们往前学时，会发现过去最初学到的东西对最后的有用；因为没有方法、靠辛苦得来的教诫证明是空洞的，劳动是徒劳的：所以，既然我的诗叙述命运幽暗的奥秘，显示它们的影响，把群星系在诗句里；

Since they mount high, and from the Signs above, / Bring down the God, and open hidden Iove: / All must be taught, and I must first impart / The Elements peculiar to this Art; / That thence, as she proceeds, my labouring Muse / May draw Materials, and go on to Use.

既然它们高高上升，从上方的星座把神带下来，揭开隐藏的朱庇特：就必须教授一切，我必须先传授这门技艺特有的元素；好让我辛劳的诗神在前进时，能从那里汲取材料，继续去运用。

And as wise Builders, who design a Town, / First clear the Field, and cut the Forest down, / And streight new Stars behold as new a Sun: / From Antient Seats, and Hospitable Glades / The Beasts are forc'd, and Birds forsake their Shades.

正如聪明的建筑者设计一座城镇时，先清理田野，砍倒森林，立刻就看见新的星辰，如同看见一个新的太阳：野兽被赶出古老的居所和好客的林间空地，鸟儿离开它们的树荫。

Some Stones for Walls, some Marble square for Shrines, / And suit Materials to their great Designs; / And when they have provided fit Supplies / For future Art, the Piles begin to rise; / Nor doth the interrupted work disgrac't / By any stop, accuse their foolish haste:

有的石头用来砌墙，有的方正的大理石用来建神殿，使材料适合宏伟的设计；当他们为未来的技艺备齐了合适的材料，建筑就开始升起；工程也不会因为任何停顿而蒙羞，不会怪罪他们愚蠢的匆忙：

So I, that raise this mighty Work, must choose / Materials proper to employ my Muse, / Bare fit Materials; and not build one part / 'Till all lies ready to compleat the Art; / Lest whilst my Thoughts the noble work pursue, / As all Materials lay expos'd to view, / They start surpriz'd, and stop amaz'd with new.

所以我建造这项宏大的工程，必须选择合适的材料来供我的诗神使用，只是合适的材料；在一切准备就绪、能完成这门技艺之前，我不建任何一部分；免得我的思想在追求这高贵的工程时，面对摆在眼前的种种材料，被新的东西惊住，愕然停下。