卷二·第四十七章　论疾病的危象

Of the Crysis in Diseases.

论疾病的危象。

CRysis is no other thing then a duell or contention betwixt nature and the infirmity; if nature at time of the Crysis overcome the malignity of the Disease, it's a good Crysis; if the sicknesse prevaile, it's a pernicious and ill Crysis. Or Crysis is no more then this, viz. A sudden alteration of man's body when he is sick, tending either to health or further sicknesse; for when this Crysis is, there's a sharp fight, as it were, betwixt nature and the Disease, whether of them shall overcome.

危象不过是自然与疾病之间的一场决斗或争斗；危象到来时，若自然胜过了疾病的凶恶，那是好的危象；若病占了上风，那是有害的、不好的危象。或者说，危象不过是这样：人生病时身体的一次骤然改变，或趋向健康，或趋向病得更重；因为危象来时，自然与疾病之间仿佛有一场激战，看谁胜过谁。

Dayes Criticall, Decretory and Chrysmall are all one, and intend no more then a certaine and more sure judgment of the infirmity afflicting, either more powerfully, or in a lesse measure at those times when the true Chrysis is.

危期、决断之日、危象之日，都是一回事，指的不过是在真正的危象到来之时，对正在侵害人的疾病，或强或弱，作出一个确定而更可靠的判断。

The true Crysis is best of all taken from that moment of time when first the sicknesse invaded the Infirme; which if it cannot be had, then it may be taken (but not so certainly) from the very hour when first the Water is brought to the Doctor to advise for recovery: but if no Urine come, then when the Doctor first speaks with the sick party, and is demanded by the Infirmed what he thinks of his sicknesse, and what course he would advise for cure thereof.

真正的危象，最好从疾病最初侵袭病人的那一刻取；若取不到，可以从小便最初送到医生那里求治的那个时辰取，但不那么确定；若没有送尿，就从医生最初与病人说话、病人问他对自己的病怎么看、主张怎样医治的那一刻取。

Every sudden and vehement motion of the disease may be called a Crysis as Galen saith; or it is, not a locall motion altogether, but an alteration of the Disease.

照盖伦所说，疾病每一次骤然而猛烈的变动，都可称为危象；或者说，它不全是位置的移动，而是疾病的改变。

Or Crysis imports judgment in the disease afflicting, and which way it will terminate, viz. for good or evill.

或者说，危象意味着对正在侵害人的疾病作出判断，看它会往哪一边了结，即是好是坏。

Hypocrates will have Crysis to be an acute or swift reportation in diseases, either to recovery or death; But, say some, in regard there are more diseases to terminate in health then in death (except pestilentiall diseases) where the matter and cause is so malignant and Poysonous, that nature many times doth not attend a fight or combate with the Disease, whereby it cannot properly be called a Crysis; that definition of Hypocrates will not well hold, unlesse it be in such diseases as doe determine in a recovery of the sick party: So some say.

希波克拉底认为，危象是疾病急速、迅疾地转向康复或死亡；但有人说，以康复了结的病比以死亡了结的病多（瘟疫类的病除外），而在瘟疫类的病里，病质与病因极其凶恶有毒，自然往往不去与疾病交战搏斗，所以不能恰当地称为危象；因此希波克拉底的这个定义不太站得住，除非是在病人以康复了结的那些病里：有人这么说。

Avicenna, in Canticis, agrees with Galen, and saith, Crysis (est velox motus morbi ad salutem vel ad mortem.)

阿维森纳在《医学诗》里与盖伦相合，说：危象（是疾病迅速转向康复或死亡的运动。）

There are some that have contended, That although in diseases there is a Crysis, yet is it not caused by influence of the Celestiall-bodies, but from inferiour causes.

有些人争辩说，疾病中虽然有危象，但它不是由天体的影响造成的，而是出于下界的原因。

Now if this were granted that Decretory or Criticall-dayes did proceed from inferiour causes, then according to divers sicknesses and variety of humours, the severall Criticall-dayes were to be assumed, after a different way in tertians, quartans and continued Feavers:

那么，如果承认决断之日或危期出于下界的原因，就该按病的不同、体液的种种差异，在间日热、四日热和持续热里，用不同的方法取各自的危期：

But this, as many learned say, cannot be, therefore it is more generally received and concluded, That in regard of the great dominion and influence the ☽ hath upon our inferiour Bodies, whereby she doth excite and stir up the humours, that she by her motion doth declare the true Crysis of the disease, and that it is required from the time of the sick parties first falling sick, and her recesse and accesse forward and backward to and from that place or degree of the Zodiack, wherein she was at the exact time of falling sick; or if that time cannot be procured, then as beforesaid, take her true place exactly rectified to the hour of the Patients first asking advice.

但许多学者说，这不可能；所以更普遍接受的结论是：由于月亮对我们下界的身体有极大的支配与影响，她借此激起、搅动体液，所以是她以自己的运行显示疾病真正的危象；而危象要从病人最初得病之时求，看她向前、向后走近与离开她在得病那一刻所在的黄道位置或度数；若那个时刻取不到，就如前所说，取她校正到病人最初求医那个时辰的确切位置。

I have hereunto inserted a Table, wherewith if you enter with the place of the ☽ in Signe and degree, you shall easily discover when she comes to an Indicative day, when to a Semi-quadrate or halfe Crysis) when to a true □, when to an ☍ (which is called a full Crysis, and so to all the Indicative and Criticall dayes during the sicknesse, &c.

我在这里附了一张表，你用月亮所在的星座与度数去查，就能轻易查出她何时走到示兆日，何时走到半四分（即半个危象），何时走到真正的四分，何时走到对冲（这叫完全的危象），以及病中所有的示兆日与危期，等等。

As for example; let the place of the ☽ in the later Figure of the 16th of July 1645. be supposed the true period or beginning of a Disease, the place of the ☽ is 15. 42. ♍; because 42. minutes doe almost make one degree, I enter with 16. degr. under the Signe ♍ in the eighth column, so that 16. degr. of ♍ is my Radix, or true place of the ☽; over against 16. degr. to the right hand, I find 8. 30. over the head thereof ♎, so that when the ☽ came to 8. degr. and 30 min. of ♎, it was the first Indicative day, wherein the Physician might expect how the disease then would shew it selfe; upon every Crysis or Indicative day, have consideration with what Planet the ☽ is in configuration; if with a benevolent, expect some remisnesse in the disease; if with a malevolent, a bad indication, &c.

举个例子：假设一六四五年七月十六日后面那张盘上月亮的位置，是一场病真正的起点或开端；月亮的位置是处女十五度四十二分；因为四十二分差不多凑成一度，我就用处女下面第八栏的十六度去查，所以处女十六度是我的根，即月亮的真实位置；在十六度的右边一格，我看到八度三十分，上头写着天秤，所以月亮到天秤八度三十分时，就是第一个示兆日，医生到那时可以预期病会怎样显现；在每一个危象或示兆日，都要考虑月亮与哪颗行星成相位：若与吉星，预期病会稍减；若与凶星，就是不好的征兆，等等。

Next on the right hand to 8.30, ♎, you find 1. ♏, viz. when the ☽ came to the first of ♏, she was then in Semi-quadrate to her first place, and this is, as it were, halfe a Crysis, at what time the disease might more or lesse manifest it selfe according to that aspect the ☽ found at her being in that first degree of ♏.

在天秤八度三十分右边的下一格，你看到天蝎一度，也就是说，月亮到天蝎一度时，与她的起点成半四分，这仿佛是半个危象，到那时病会依月亮在天蝎一度所遇到的相位，或多或少地显现出来。

In the next column on the right hand, you see 23. 30. over it ♏, it tels you, when the ☽ came to the 23. and 30. min. of ♏, it was a second Indicative day, whereby the Physician might further judge of the encrease or decrease of the disease:

在右边下一栏，你看到二十三度三十分，上头写着天蝎，它告诉你，月亮到天蝎二十三度三十分时，是第二个示兆日，医生可借此进一步判断病是加重还是减轻：

In the next column you find 16. over it ♐, when the ☽ came to the 16th of ♐ there was then a true Crysis, at what time the disease assuredly might be more fully discerned in one kind or other, and then, according to the aspects the ☽ in that degree had to the Planets, good or ill, so might the Patient or Physician expect a better or worse Crysis: and so in the same continued line or column, you run round the Heavens, ever observing the ☽ her comming to those places of the Zodiack, wherein she makes the Indicative or Criticall day, and what Planets she is then in aspect with, and whether in the Figure they promise good or ill:

在下一栏你看到十六度，上头写着射手，月亮到射手十六度时，就是一个真正的危象，到那时病确实可以在这方面或那方面看得更清楚；然后，依月亮在那个度数与诸行星所成的相位是吉是凶，病人或医生就可以预期危象较好或较坏：你就这样在同一行或同一栏里绕天一周，始终留意月亮走到黄道上那些构成示兆日或危期的位置，那时她与哪些行星成相位，以及那些行星在盘上许的是吉是凶：

Besides this, you shall observe what dayes she transits the cusps of the sixt, seventh, and eighth houses, and how then she is aspected of the benevolent or ill Planets.

除此之外，你还要留意她在哪几天行经第六、第七、第八宫的宫头，那时她受吉星还是凶星的照看。

The Table followeth.

表如下。

You must observe, that upon any Criticall day (but especially upon the first Quartill) when ☽ meets with the body or aspect of a fortunate Planet, it's very probable (if the party be ordained for life) that nature will be fortified above the disease; and this her good aspect or application is a good indication of health, and that the Physician now imployed shall restore the sick party to former health by most easie Medicines; but if she meet at that time with the unluckey aspect of an Infortune, it gives the Physician little hopes at present; the Crysis is then ill, and the Physician must more warily proceed, &c. formerly men did repute the seventh, fourteenth and one and twentieth dayes for Criticall dayes; but in regard that the ☽ her motion is sometimes more slow, at other times more quick, the precise day cannot be had without compute or calculation of her true motion; which how to doe, I have given sufficient direction in my Introduction.

你要留意，在任何一个危期（尤其是第一个四分时），月亮遇到吉星的本体或相位，那就很可能（如果此人命中注定还活）自然会胜过疾病；她这个好相位或入相，是健康的好兆头，表示现在请的这位医生会用最温和的药让病人恢复从前的健康；但若她那时遇到凶星的不吉相位，医生眼下就没什么指望；那时危象不好，医生必须更谨慎地进行，等等。从前人们把第七、第十四、第二十一天当作危期；但由于月亮的运行有时较慢，有时较快，不计算她的真实运行，就得不到确切的那一天；怎样计算，我在我的《入门》里已给了足够的指引。

In giving Medicines, observe the motion of the ☽, for she

给药时，要留意月亮的运行，因为她（在下列星座时，见下表）

The vertue retentive is stirred up from ♄, by reason of his frigidity.

留存之能由土星激起，因为他寒冷。

I once intended a more large Discourse of Sicknesse, but Master Booker having promised to undertake that labour, I forbeare.

我曾打算对疾病作更长的论述，但布克先生已答应担起这份工作，我就不写了。