卷三·第一百六十六章　推运的时间量：托勒密、马吉尼、奈博德三法

Of the measure of time in Directions.

论推运中的时间量。

Before I handle this point, I must give this generall Instruction to the younger sonnes of Art, that in judging of the effects depending upon any Direction, they maturely consider the age of the Native, for events are to be accommodated unto the difference of times, and therefore one should extreamly deceive himselfe, that upon any strong Direction of the ascendant or mid-heaven to the △ or ⚹ or ☌ of ♀ or ☽, should predict Marriage unto a Native that is then but three, four or five yeers of age; how much, I say, should the Artist misse the mark if he should attribute that action to an Infant, of which he cannot then be capable; or what a madnesse were it to predict to an aged man the begetting of a Child, when in reason it selfe, and by reason of his extreame feeblenesse, no such thing can or may be expected; we must therefore prognosticate things possible and naturall, befitting and agreeing unto every one, according to the difference of his yeers, &c.

在讲这一点之前，我必须给这门技艺的后学一条总的告诫：在判断取决于任何推运的效应时，要成熟地考虑本命者的年龄，因为事件要与时期的不同相配合，所以，若有人在上升或中天强力推到金星或月亮的三分、六分或会合时，就向一个那时只有三、四、五岁的本命者预言婚姻，他就大大欺骗了自己；我说，术士若把一件婴儿那时不可能做的事归给婴儿，他该是多么脱靶；或者向一位老人预言生子，那是何等的疯狂，因为按理性本身，并因他极度的衰弱，这样的事不能也不可能期待；所以我们必须按各人年岁的不同，预言可能而自然、对各人相宜相合的事，等等。

We must also in all our predictions have the world to understand, that the common or generall fate of any Nation or place, is of more efficacy then any ones particular: we must also consider the Region where any one is borne, if we will exquisitely judge of the shape and forme of the Native, and of the manners of his Mind, &c. ever considering the most powerfull cause, &c.

我们在一切预言中还必须让世人明白，任何一个民族或地方的共同或普遍的命运，比任何一个人的个别命运更有力量：若我们要精确地判断本命者的身形样貌与心性品格，还必须考虑一个人出生的地域，等等，始终考虑最有力的原因，等等。

But now we come to handle the measure of time in Directions, wherein there are at this day three severall Opinions, yet not such as doe make any great difference in the matter.

现在我们来讲推运中的时间量，在这一点上今天有三种不同的意见，但并不在这件事上造成多大差别。

The opinion of Ptolomey hath continued since his time untill this last Age without any contradiction; and it was thus: If you would direct the ascendant in any Nativity, you must perform it by the oblique ascentions belonging to the place where the Birth was: the words of Ptolomey, lib. 4. cap. ult. are these: Cum autem prorogatio sumitur ab Horoscopo, dentur anni gradibus longitudinis, æquales ascensionibus cujusque Climatis: sin autem sumitur prorogatio a medio cœli, dentur anni æquales ascensionibus medii-cœli:

托勒密的意见，自他那时起直到最近这一代，一直延续而没有任何反对；它是这样的：若你要在任何本命中推上升，你必须用出生地所属的斜升来做；托勒密的原话，在卷四末章，是这样的：「当释放取自上升点时，以黄经度数给予年数，与各气候带的上升时间相等；若释放取自中天，则给予与中天上升时间相等的年数：」

A usque ad Cardinem simili modo dentur anni æquales pro proportione collati ad ascentiones aut descentiones, aut transitum in medio-cœli, &c. and a little after he saith, pro singulis gradibus annum tribuentes, &c. He meanes no more, but that the ascendant in every Nativity is to be directed by the oblique ascentions of the Climate; the mid-heaven by the right ascentions; the measure of time is by allowing for every degree of the Æquator one yeer, for every minute thereof six dayes, &c. [The first way of measuring time.]

「同样，到角宫为止，按比例对照上升、下降或中天的经过，给予相等的年数」，等等；稍后他又说：「每一度给一年」，等等。他的意思不过是：每个本命中的上升要用该气候带的斜升来推；中天用赤经推；时间量是赤道每一度给一年，每一分给六天，等等。［时间量的第一法。］

In our Nativity, pag. 500. the ascendant is 6.37. ♑, the oblique ascention belonging thereunto, In the latitude of 53. where the Birth was, is 312. 10. I would know in what space of time the ascendant shall come to the Termes of ♂, and after that to the ☍ of ♂.

在我们第五百页的本命里，上升是摩羯六度三十七分，在出生所在的纬度五十三度，属于它的斜升是三百一十二度十分。我想知道上升要经过多少时间到达火星之界，之后又到达火星的对冲。

According to the measure of time by Ptolomey, eleven degrees gives eleven yeers, 55. min. give eleven moneths, for every five minutes give one moneth; so then in the latter end of the twelft yeer, this Native's ascendant came to the Termes of ♂; you may see what it should signifie if you look in the Chapter of Directions, what the horoscope to the Termes of ♂ prenotes.

按托勒密的时间量，十一度给十一年，五十五分给十一个月，因为每五分给一个月；所以在第十二年的末尾，这个本命者的上升到达火星之界；它会表示什么，你若去看推运那一章里上升推到火星之界所预示的，就可以知道。

So then the ascendant after nineteen yeers and ten moneths and twelve dayes, comes to the ☍ of ♂.

所以，上升在十九年十个月十二天之后，到达火星的对冲。

The second measure of Time.

时间的第二种量。

Antonius Maginus, an Italian of singular Learning, and one of the greatest Mathematicians of Europe, was the first that questioned this measure of time, delivered unto Posterity by Ptolomey, in pag. 51. of his Primum Mobile, printed 1604. induced hereunto (as he saith) by an Aphorisme of Doctor Dee of London, and something else gathered from the Writings and opinion of the famous Tycho Brahe the Dane, &c. he concludes thus:

意大利人安东尼奥·马吉尼，学问非凡，是欧洲最伟大的数学家之一，他第一个质疑托勒密传给后世的这个时间量，见他一六〇四年印行的《第一原动天》第五十一页，促使他这样做的（如他自己所说）是伦敦迪伊博士的一条金言，以及从著名的丹麦人第谷·布拉赫的著作与意见中搜集来的一些东西，等等；他这样总结：

That the measure of time ought not to be taken or deduced from the simple motion of the ☉, but from his true or apparent motion, &c. and concludes, That in his opinion, we ought to take for the common measure of one yeers space in the directions of every Significator, that arke of the Æquator agreeing to the apparent motion of the ☉ at time of the birth according to his right ascentions, and not oblique ascentions of the Region.

时间量不应取自或推自太阳的平均运行，而应取自他的真实或视运行，等等；并总结说，依他的意见，我们应当以出生时太阳的视运行按其赤经所合的那一段赤道弧，作为每个征象星推运中一年的共同量，而不用该地域的斜升。

The Practice.

做法。

Take the right ascention of the ☉ at the houre of the birth, as if it were at noon; adde againe the apparent diurnall motion of the ☉ for the next day and same hour, and take his right ascention, then subduct the lesser right ascention from the greater, and what remaines is the difference of the revolution of the first mover from the diurnall revolution of the ☉, and shall be accepted for the measure of time for one yeer.

取出生那一刻太阳的赤经，当作正午一样；再加上太阳在次日同一时刻的视日行，取他的赤经，然后从较大的赤经中减去较小的，余下的就是原动天的旋转与太阳周日旋转之差，就作为一年的时间量。

In our Nativity, pag. 500. the place of the ☉ is 6. 37. ♎, his right ascention is 186. 4. the apparent motion of the ☉ added to the same hour of the next day, makes it 7. 36. ♎, its right ascention 186. 58. the former right ascention subtracted from the latter, there resteth as followes:

在我们第五百页的本命里，太阳的位置是天秤六度三十七分，他的赤经是一百八十六度四分。加上太阳到次日同一时刻的视运行，成为天秤七度三十六分，其赤经是一百八十六度五十八分，从后者中减去前者的赤经，余数如下：

So then here is 54. minutes and no more, and this proportion of the Æquator shall be the measure of one yeer in the Directions of our Nativity, according unto Maginus: We have added a generall Table, by meanes whereof, without taking the right ascention belonging to the ☉, you may know that portion of the Æquator, which must be had in any Nativity, for the yeerly measure of time: I doe the more willingly insert this Measure, because William Bredon, a late Minister of the Church of England, and a singular Astrologian, did wholly use this Method. The Table followeth.

所以这里是五十四分，不多不少，按马吉尼，这一段赤道就是我们这个本命推运中一年的量：我们附上了一张总表，借它不必去取太阳的赤经，就能知道任何本命里一年时间量所要用的那一段赤道：我更乐意收入这个量，因为最近去世的英格兰教会牧师、杰出的星占家威廉·布雷登，完全用这个方法。表如下。

The use of the Table.

表的用法。

Enter with the degrees adhering to the ☉ in your Nativity, and over against it under the Signe wherein you find the ☉, you have the measure allowed; if you have adhering to the degree of the ☉ more then 30. min. take the next greater degree and enter with it: In our Nativity the ☉ is in 6.37. ♎ I enter with 7. degrees under ♎, over against 7. I find 54. min. 25. sec. and so much of the Æquator is allowed for the measure of time in one yeer for this Nativity; you may omit the seconds, and frame a Table for this Nativity in this manner, by a continuall addition of minutes, and converting them into degrees.

用你本命里太阳所带的度数入表，在你找到太阳所在星座的那一栏下、与之相对之处，就是所给的量；若太阳的度数后带的分超过三十分，就取大一度的数入表：我们的本命里太阳在天秤六度三十七分，我用七度在天秤下入表，在七的对面找到五十四分二十五秒，这么多的赤道就是这个本命一年的时间量；你可以略去秒数，照这样为这个本命编一张表，不断累加分数，再化成度数。

Let us see by the former example of the Ascendant unto the termes of ♂ and ☍ of ♂, what the difference will be: you may see that the distance of the Horoscope by the oblique ascentions from the termes of ♂ is 11. deg. 55.

让我们用前面上升推到火星之界与火星对冲的例子，看看差别会有多大：你可以看到，按斜升，上升点离火星之界的距离是十一度五十五分。

If you enter into this Table under the title of degrees, untill you finde 11. you shall finde over against it on the left hand 13.yeers, and whereas you have 42. min adhering to 11. deg. on the right hand you must know when 54. min. is the measure of one yeer, then one min. shall signifie six dayes 18. hours; so then by operation you shall finde 42. min. give 284. dayes: so that by this account, the Ascendant did not come to the termes of ♂ untill the Native was 13. yeers compleat and three quarters currant in his fourteenth yeer, or thereabouts. The number of degrees that the ascendant is distant from the ☍ of ♂ are as abovesaid 19. degr. 52. min.

你若在这张表的度数一栏下往下找，直到找到十一，就会在它左手边对面找到十三年，而你在右手边有四十二分附在十一度上，你必须知道，五十四分既是一年的量，那么一分就表示六天十八小时；所以经过运算你会发现四十二分给二百八十四天：所以照这个算法，上升直到本命者满十三岁、在第十四年里过了四分之三，或大约那时，才到火星之界。上升离火星对冲的度数，如上所说是十九度五十二分。

In this Table 19. degr. give 22. yeers.

在这张表里，十九度给二十二年。

And 48. min. give 324. dayes: so then the ascendant by this Measure came not to the ☍ of ♂ until the 23. yeer currant of this Natives age.

而四十八分给三百二十四天：所以按这个量，上升直到本命者年龄的第二十三年里才到火星的对冲。

The third and the last Measure of time which I now intend to handle, was perfected by Valentine Naibods in his Coment of Ptolomey, but commended and published by Maginus himselfe, as the more correct and certaine measure in his Book de Diebus Criticis, and in his new Tables published 1619. This Method of Naibods I doe use in those Nativities where I take or have sufficient time allowed me for performance of one; otherwise, use Ptolomies way, which is performed without any trouble or intricacy: I present thee with the learned Naibods, which is very familiar and easie, as by the Example it will appeare; and in my owne judgement it is the most exactest measure that hitherto hath been found out.

第三种也是最后一种我现在打算讲的时间量，由瓦伦丁·奈博德在他的托勒密注释里完成，但由马吉尼本人推荐并发表，认为是更正确、更可靠的量，见他的《论危象之日》，以及他一六一九年发表的新表。奈博德这个方法，在我有或有足够的时间来做一个本命时，我就用它；否则就用托勒密的方法，那做起来毫无麻烦与繁杂：我把博学的奈博德的方法献给你，它很顺手、很容易，从例子里就会看出来；依我自己的判断，它是迄今找到的最精确的量。

You see here are two Tables, the first doth convert the degrees of the Æquator into Yeers,Days and Hours; the second Table converts the Minutes thereof, viz. of the Æquator, into Dayes and Hours ; for example : I would know the just measure of time, according to this rule, of the two former preceding Directions, viz. of the ascendant to the Termes of ♂ and his Opposition.

你看这里有两张表，第一张把赤道的度数换成年、日、时；第二张把分数，即赤道的分数，换成日与时；例如：我想按这个规则，知道前面两个推运，即上升推到火星之界与火星对冲的确切时间量。

The ascendant, you may remember,is distant from the Termes of ♂, who is Promittor, 11. degr. and 55. min.

你可记得，上升离作为允诺星的火星之界，相距十一度五十五分。

By Naibod's compute, I would know the measure of time agreeing to the 11. deg. and 55. min.

按奈博德的算法，我想知道与十一度五十五分相合的时间量。

With 11. degrees I enter the former of these Tables,and over against it I find 11 y. 58d. 21h. viz.11 yeers, 58 dayes, and 21 hours.

我用十一度入前一张表，在它对面找到十一年五十八日二十一时，就是十一年、五十八天、二十一小时。

I then enter the latter Table of the conversion of Minutes of the Æquator into time : In the third Column, over against 55. min. I find 339. dayes and 17. hours ; I now put both together ;

然后我入后一张赤道分数化时间的表：在第三栏里，五十五分的对面，我找到三百三十九天十七小时；现在我把两者加在一起；

Here is 11. yeers, and 397. dayes, and 38. hours.

这里是十一年，三百九十七天，三十八小时。

I convert hours into dayes, and put them together,and take a whole yeere, viz. three hundred and sixty five dayes from what remaines, and then you shall find it thus, 11 397 38

我把小时化成天，加在一起，并从剩下的天数中取出一整年，即三百六十五天，你就会看到是这样：十一年　三百九十七日　三十八时

24 hours make one day to be added to 397.

二十四小时合一天，加到三百九十七上。

Yeers. Day. Hou.

年　日　时

So then it's thus, 11 398 14

所以是这样：十一年　三百九十八日　十四时

From three hundred and ninety eight dayes I subduct three hundred and sixty five dayes, viz. a whole yeer, and adde it to eleven yeers ; so then the ascendant comes to the Termes of ♂, the Native being twelve yeers of age, thirty three dayes and fourteen hours.

我从三百九十八天中减去三百六十五天，即一整年，把它加到十一年上；所以上升到达火星之界时，本命者十二岁三十三天又十四小时。

Ascendant to the ☍ of ♂ after nineteen degrees and fifty two minutes : Nineteen degrees in the first Table, give nineteen yeers,an hundred and one dayes,seventeen hours:fifty two min.in the second Table,give three hundred twenty one dayes, foure hours ; added together, they make nineteen yeers, four hundred twenty two dayes, twenty one hours.

上升到火星的对冲，相距十九度五十二分：十九度在第一张表里给十九年一百零一天十七小时：五十二分在第二张表里给三百二十一天四小时；加在一起，成为十九年四百二十二天二十一小时。

If I take three hundred sixty five dayes, or one whole yeer from foure hundred twenty two dayes there rests fifty seven dayes, twenty one hours.

我若从四百二十二天中取出三百六十五天，即一整年，剩下五十七天二十一小时。

So then the Native's ascendant came to the ☍ of ♂, being aged twenty yeers, and fifty seven dayes, twenty one hours.

所以本命者的上升到火星的对冲时，他是二十岁五十七天二十一小时。