卷三·第七节第一章　危象与判断日：医者为何须懂星

SECTION VII. Of Elections appertaining to the sixth House.

第七节　论属于第六宫的择日。

CHAP. I. Of the true Knowledge of the Crisis or Critical and Judicial Days, very useful for those that study Physick.

第一章　论真正认识危象，即危期与判断日，对研习医学的人很有用。

LIke as we read in the holy Writ, The Physician is honorable, so indeed he is; but being ignorant in his Art, he rendereth himself despicable and ridiculous: and the way to make him perfect is to know NATURE, and her secret operations, and that by the influence of the Superiors and Rulers of all Inferiors; viz. The Stars:

正如我们在圣书上读到的，医生是可敬的，他确实如此；但他若在自己的技艺上无知，就使自己可鄙可笑：而使他完善的途径，是认识自然及其隐秘的运作，而这要借助在上者、即一切下界之物的主宰——也就是星辰——的影响来认识：

It is not his looking in an Urinal of water, or feeling the pulse of the party, or questioning with him how he feeleth himself, and in what places of his body he is most afflicted, that can give a through understanding of his malady; the water is Meretrix, the pulse is Fallax, the patient himself is Ignorans:

并不是他看看尿壶里的尿，或摸摸病人的脉，或问他自觉如何、身体哪些地方最难受，就能透彻了解他的病；尿是娼妓，脉是骗子，病人自己是无知者：

These, I say are not sufficient grounds for him to work on; and without a good foundation, the fabrick is not likely to be well built, or at least to stand long; they are indigent and insufficient, and the patient perhaps so overcome with torment, or desire of relief, that he cannot well define his own misery.

我说，这些不足以作他行医的根据；没有好的地基，房子就不大可能建得好，或至少不能久立；它们贫乏而不足，病人或许又被痛苦或求解脱的心折磨得厉害，说不清自己的苦楚。

And since it is so, a Physician (or rather a Pretender thereunto (I may justly call him) for as Galen and Hippocrates say, They are rather to be termed fools then Physicians) must be better versed in his Art before he can do any thing; for as he is, he can do nothing with certainty: A blinde man may catch a hare, but it is very unlikely: The cause of a disease must first be known before it be endeavored to be removed; and the cause being taken away, the effect will soon cease: but they are ignorant of the cause; ergo, not able to perform what they undertake.

既然如此，一个医生（或者我可以正当地称他为冒充医生的人（因为正如盖伦与希波克拉底所说，他们与其叫医生，不如叫傻瓜））在能做任何事之前，必须更精通他的技艺；因为照他现在这样，他什么也不能有把握地做：瞎子也可能逮住一只野兔，但可能性极小：要除去一种病，必须先知道它的病因；病因一去，结果很快就会停止：但他们不知道病因；所以，他们不能完成他们所承担的事。

And again, the nature and temper of the Patient is to be regarded; and this can never be certainly and throughly discerned by looking in his Urine, nor by feeling of his pulse: That which causeth his Constitution to be either Sanguine, Flegmatick, Cholerick or Melancholy, is to be regarded; it is not any inferiour thing that causeth it, it is the influence of the superiours; ergo, Physicians ignorant therein, are not able to perform with certainty, any Cure whatsoever:

再者，病人的本性与气质也要顾到；而这绝不能靠看他的尿或摸他的脉有把握地、透彻地分辨出来：使他的体质成为多血质、黏液质、胆汁质或忧郁质的那个东西，才是要顾到的；造成它的不是任何下界之物，而是在上者的影响；所以，不懂这些的医生不能有把握地完成任何治疗：

For what will cure a Flegmatick man of a Feaver, will not a Cholerick; and then the pretended Physician seeing his Medicine doth not work the like operation as formerly, supposes the malady to be somewhat else, and himself mistaken, and falls another way to work, and so kills the patient with a great many Thanks and Gratuities both of Money and Gifts, for (as the ignorant about him suppose) doing his endeavour to save the sick, especially if he can but talk of this rare cure, and that excellent remedy he hath formerly given, and preach himself up, and others (a thousand times more knowing then himself) down, and now and then use some Latin in his Discourse, and flourish it over with hard words to the ignorant:

因为能治好黏液质的人发热的东西，治不好胆汁质的人；于是那冒充的医生见他的药没有像以前那样起作用，就以为病是别的什么，以为自己弄错了，就换一个法子去治，就这样把病人治死了，却得到许多感谢和酬金，有钱有礼物，因为（照他周围那些无知之人的想法）他尽了力去救病人，尤其是他若能夸谈自己从前施过的这个奇方、那个妙药，抬高自己，贬低别人（比他高明一千倍的人），时不时在谈话里用点拉丁文，又用艰深的词向无知的人卖弄一番：

I say, he carries it then, whether he save or kill, and that with a great deal of credit: but of all murtherers, these we see seldomest hang'd, yet none more deserving it.

我说，那时他不论救活还是治死，都能交差，而且很有体面：但在所有杀人者中，我们看到这些人最少被绞死，却没有谁比他们更该被绞死。

Again, the nature and quality of every medicinal thing ought especially to be known, as Herbs, Drugs or Minerals; otherwise the pretending Physician doth what he doth not understand; and if we will believe GALEN, he telleth us, They are onely to be known and judged by the stars:

再者，每一种药物的本性与性质，如草药、药材或矿物，尤其应当知道；否则冒充的医生就是在做他所不懂的事；我们若相信盖伦，他告诉我们，它们只能凭星辰来认识和判断：

So also Fernelius and Ficinus, two learned Physicians confess, also HIPPOCRATES, PARACELSUS, and CORNELIUS AGRIPPA, who was Physician to the Emperor Charles the fifth; and not onely these, but all the more rational of the Ancient Physicians and Studiers of Nature (which were onely Physicians indeed) have acknowledged the same, whose names if I should here record, it would be too tedious both for my self and thee, and in a manner superfluous or needless in so clear a case, since it is most certain, that Hippocrates and Galen, the two pillars of the Art of Physick, found out the use of Vegetables and their natures, as also of all their Physical things by the Stars, who are the Governors and Disposers of them all, and causes of their several vertues, according to the several Constellations they are under.

费内尔和菲奇诺两位博学的医生也这样承认，还有希波克拉底、帕拉塞尔苏斯，以及当过查理五世皇帝御医的科尼利厄斯·阿格里帕；不仅这些人，而且古代医生与研究自然的人中一切较有理性的（只有他们才是真正的医生）都承认这一点，我若把他们的名字记在这里，对我自己和你都太冗长，而且在这样明白的事情上，差不多是多余或不必要的，因为最确定的是，医术的两大支柱希波克拉底与盖伦，是凭星辰找出草木的用途与本性，以及他们一切药物的用途与本性的，星辰是它们一切的主宰与支配者，按它们所处的各种星位，是它们各种功效的原因。

Hippocrates and Galen further say, that a Physician cannot safely give physick that is ignorant in the knowledge of the Stars and Superior bodies, not knowing indeed when to give purges, or vomits, or let blood, without much mischief doing, nor in what quantity; which ignorance often times indangers the life of the Patient, when as these that know not the influence of the heavenly bodies, give vomits at such times as cause a purge; and purges when they become vomits, which in laxative diseases or fluxes prove very dangerous, if not deadly or totally destructive; and at other times when the physick never worketh at all; yet you shall never finde the ignorant without an excuse for their rashness; as when they administer a purge, if it cause vomiting, then say they, the party is of a weak constitution, and cannot retain the Physick, when physick is not given to be retained, it is either to work downwards or upwards immediately, and then the next day perhaps (as it hath been often known) gives the patient a stronger potion, and then the heavens otherwise disposed (which they understand not) work so violently, that nature is both weakned and overcome, which should have been only helped; and also the disease increases, which should have been diminished: and so on the contrary, when a vomit is given at an unfit time, causeth purging, then they conclude the patient strong, when perhaps he requires strength, and is very weak; for it is not nature that then worketh, it is an influence of the Superiors that orders the matter, which without a skilful Artist, you see is most obnoxious, which caused Galen to admonish men not to trust themselves with that Physician (or rather Pretender) which is not skilled in Astrology.

希波克拉底与盖伦又说，一个不懂星辰与上界天体之学的医生，不能安全地施药，确实不知道何时给泻药、呕药或放血而不造成许多祸害，也不知用多少分量；这种无知常常危及病人的性命，因为那些不知天体影响的人，在会造成下泻的时候给呕药；在泻药会变成呕吐的时候给泻药，这在腹泻或下痢之类的病里非常危险，即使不致命或完全毁坏；而在别的时候药根本不起作用；然而你永远找得到无知之人为他们的鲁莽开脱的借口；比如他们给了泻药，若引起呕吐，他们就说，这人体质弱，留不住药，其实药本来就不是给人留住的，它要么立刻往下走，要么往上走，然后也许第二天（这是常有的事）又给病人更强的药剂，那时天象另有安排（这是他们不懂的），药力发作得如此猛烈，使本该只受帮助的本性被削弱、被压倒；本该减轻的病也加重了：反过来也是如此，在不合宜的时候给呕药，引起下泻，他们就断定病人强壮，其实他也许正需要力气，非常虚弱；因为那时起作用的不是本性，而是在上者的影响在主管这件事，没有一个有本事的行家，你看这是最有害的，这使盖伦告诫人们，不要把自己交给不懂占星学的医生（或者说冒充者）。

So likewise blood letting if the heavens be not duly observed, is of no efficacy; and sometimes hinders phlebetomie, which the ignorant Chyrurgion colours with saying, The party is faint-hearted, or hath much wind in his veins, or with some such like ridiculous whimsie.

同样，放血若不适当顾到天象，也没有功效；有时反倒妨碍放血，那无知的外科医生就用这样的话来遮掩：这人胆小，或血管里有很多风，或诸如此类可笑的怪念头。

This is not all; critical days also are known by Astrologie, and no otherways, without the due knowledge whereof, the Patient suffereth much by the Physicians applying contrary remedies very dangerous. I might here give you the discourse of Duret hereon, but that it belongeth not to the work in hand, being elections; yet I shall here give you some instructions how to know the true Crisis, or Critical day, and Judicial days, though it be at this time out of my way, and then proceed to the clearing of what hath been said; viz. to shew you the rules of the more learned in electing a time for administring Physick and Phlebotomie.

不止如此；危期也是靠占星学而不是靠别的途径认识的，没有对它的适当认识，病人就会因医生施用相反的、非常危险的疗法而大受其苦。我本可以在这里给你杜雷关于此事的论述，但它不属于手头的工作，即择日；不过我要在这里给你一些指导，教你怎样认识真正的危象，即危期，以及判断日，虽然这时它离开了我的本题，然后再接着阐明前面所说的；即给你看较博学的人为施药与放血择时的规则。

Let us then (since it will not be amiss) step a little out of our way, and say somewhat of the Critical days; when we come into our road again, we will make the more haste to our journeys end.

那么让我们（既然这不算不妥）稍稍离开我们的路，讲一些关于危期的事；等我们回到大路上，就加快赶到旅程的终点。

Learning and all good Arts whatsoever, I ever greatly desired should be nourished and refined from their dross, and that knowledge may still increase upon the earth; wherefore since the understanding of this matter conduceth much to the skil of the Physician, and welfare of the patient, as doth the want of it oftentimes through the ignorance of the Physician, prove very dangerous to the patient, I shall desire thee to observe what followeth.

学问与一切好的技艺，我一向极愿它们得到滋养、去掉渣滓，愿知识在地上不断增长；所以既然理解这件事大有助于医生的本事与病人的安康，而缺了它，常常因医生的无知，对病人非常危险，我就请你留心下面所说的。

It is generally taken for granted (amongst the unskilful) that the seventh and fourteenth days are Critical, and that these are the first and second Crisis; but tis no wise true as to build on, but the true Crisis is thus known.

（在不精此道的人中间）普遍认定第七天和第十四天是危期，这是第一次和第二次危象；但这绝不是可以作根据的真理，真正的危象是这样认识的。

Look at the time of the parties first falling sick, what sign, degree and minute of the Zodiack the Moon is, and when she comes to the Square thereof, that is the first Crisis; when she comes to the Opposition or opposite place thereof, it is the second Crisis: The next Square is the third Crisis, and the same place where she was at the first falling sick, is the fourth Crises; and so go round again.

看病人刚病倒的时候，月亮在黄道的哪个星座、哪一度、哪一分，当她走到它的四分之处，那就是第一次危象；当她走到它的对冲或对面之处，就是第二次危象：下一个四分是第三次危象，而她初病时所在的同一个位置，是第四次危象；就这样再绕一圈。

The judicial days are the middle between the two Crisis, and as the Crisis is the suddain motion of the disease, either towards health or death, whereby the Physician may clearly discern which way the disease will tend: so are the judicial days sician may clearly discern which way the disease will tend: so are the judicial days such times as the Crisis may be judged of, or known whether it will be good or bad; for as the Moon is disposed at the time of the Crisis, whether fortunate or in good aspect of the Fortunes and Assisting Planets, or the Malevolents and Intersilient Planets, which commonly are the Lords of the fourth and eighth, especially the eighth, or in configuration with the Lord of the sixth, so may you judge of the Crisis good or bad.

判断日是两次危象的正中间，危象是病势的骤然变动，或向痊愈，或向死亡，医生借此可以清楚看出病将往哪个方向走：所以判断日医生可以清楚看出病将往哪个方向走：所以判断日就是可以判断危象、知道它吉凶的时候；因为月亮在危象之时怎样，是吉利，或与吉星和相助之星成吉相位，还是与凶星和致死之星成相位，这些致死之星通常是第四宫和第八宫的主星，尤其是第八宫，或者与第六宫主星成格局，你就可以照此判断危象的吉凶。

Good, if fortunate and upheld by the Fortunes; bad, if the contrary; as if afflicted by the Malevolents or Lord of the sixth, the disease increases; if by the Lord of the eighth, death is to be feared.

吉，若她吉利，并得吉星扶持；凶，若相反；如受凶星或第六宫主星侵害，病就加重；若受第八宫主星侵害，就要担心死亡。

Also, when the Moon transits the cusp of the twelfth, eighth or sixth, according to its strength, it proves good or dangerous, &c.

还有，当月亮行经第十二宫、第八宫或第六宫的宫头时，按其强弱，它就证明为吉或危险，等等。

In like manner understand in a judicial day, if the Moon be well dignified and assisted, a good Crisis may be expected; if weak or afflicted, judge the contrary.

同样，在判断日也这样理解，若月亮有良好的尊贵并得相助，可以期待吉的危象；若虚弱或受害，就判断相反。

Now by reason the Moon is sometimes swift, and at other times slower of motion, never retaining a constant course, it must needs follow, such as are ignorant therein, must needs be ignorant in knowing or finding out the true Crisis, and whether it will be good or bad, that is not acquainted with the stars.

那么因为月亮有时快，有时运行较慢，从不保持恒定的行程，必然的结果是，对此无知的人，不熟悉星辰的人，必定不懂得认识或找出真正的危象，以及它将是吉是凶。

But note, that you may the better understand, the reason thereof, it is this; sometimes by her slowness of motion, she comes to the Crisis as the sixth day after the beginning of the disease, and again sometime (by her swiftness) at the eighth or ninth day; wherefore they must needs fail, that conclude it to be always at the seventh day; and so accordingly in the other Crisis, she cometh sooner or later very often.

但要注意，为使你更明白它的道理，道理是这样的；有时由于她行得慢，她在病起后第六天就到达危象，有时（由于她行得快）在第八或第九天；所以那些断定它总在第七天的人必然要失误；其他几次危象也照此类推，她常常来得或早或晚。

So then you see the error and ignorance of most of our pretending Physicians, and the reason of the Crisis and uses thereof; it resteth therefore now we proceed and hasten into our road again, &c.

所以你看我们大多数冒充的医生的错误与无知，以及危象的道理和用处；所以现在剩下的就是我们往下讲，赶回我们的大路上，等等。